Vue2.x和Vue3.x使用上的差异对比-示例
template组件
Vue2和Vue3的
template
非常相似。Vue3支持
碎片(Fragments)
,在组件可以拥有多个根节点,新特性可以减少很多组件之间的div
包裹元素
Vue2.x-template组件
<template>
<div class='form-element'>
<h2> {{ title }} </h2>
<input type='text' v-model='username' placeholder='Username' />
<input type='password' v-model='password' placeholder='Password' />
<button @click='login'>
Submit
</button>
<p>
Values: {{ username + ' ' + password }}
</p>
</div>
</template>
<template>
<div class='form-element'>
<h2> {{ state.title }} </h2>
<input
type='text'
v-model='state.username'
placeholder='Username'
/>
<input
type='password'
v-model='state.password'
placeholder='Password'
/>
<button @click='login'>
Submit
</button>
<p>
Values: {{ state.username + ' ' + state.password }}
</p>
</div>
</template>
data部分差异
Vue2与Vue3 最大的区别
Vue2使用
选项类型API(Options API)
选项型API在代码里分割了不同的属性(properties):data,computed属性,methods,等等
Vue3
合成型API(Composition API)
合成型API能让我们用方法(function)来分割,相比于旧的API使用属性来分组,这样代码会更加简便和整洁。
Vue2.x
export default {
props: {
title: String
},
data () {
return {
username: '',
password: ''
}
}
}
Vue3.x
需要使用一个新的
setup()
方法,此方法在组件初始化构造的时候触发
import { reactive } from 'vue'
export default {
props: {
title: String
},
setup () {
const state = reactive({
username: '',
password: ''
})
return { state }
}
}
// 通过state.username和state.password获得数据的值
Vue2.x VS Vue3.x - methods
// vue2.x
export default {
props: {
title: String
},
data () {
return {
username: '',
password: ''
}
},
methods: {
login () {
// 登陆方法
}
}
}
// vue3.x
export default {
props: {
title: String
},
setup () {
const state = reactive({
username: '',
password: ''
})
const login = () => {
// 登陆方法
}
return {
login,
state
}
}
}
生命周期函数对比 Hooks
// vue2.x
export default {
props: {
title: String
},
data () {
return {
username: '',
password: ''
}
},
mounted () {
console.log('组件已挂载')
},
methods: {
login () {
// login method
}
}
}
// vue3.x
import { reactive, onMounted } from 'vue'
export default {
props: {
title: String
},
setup () {
// ..
onMounted(() => {
console.log('组件已挂载')
})
// ...
}
}
计算属性
// vue2.x
export default {
// ..
computed: {
lowerCaseUsername () {
return this.username.toLowerCase()
}
}
}
// vue3.x
import { reactive, onMounted, computed } from 'vue'
export default {
props: {
title: String
},
setup () {
const state = reactive({
username: '',
password: '',
lowerCaseUsername: computed(() => state.username.toLowerCase())
})
// ...
}
Props
接收组件props参数传递这一块为我们带来了Vue2和Vue3之间最大的区别。—this在vue3中与vue2代表着完全不一样的东西
Vue2,this代表的是当前组件,不是某一个特定的属性
Vue3 中,this无法直接拿到props属性,emit events(触发事件)和组件内的其他属性。不过全新的setup()方法可以接收两个参数:
props - 不可变的组件参数
context - Vue3 暴露出来的属性(emit,slots,attrs)
// vue2.x
mounted () {
console.log('title: ' + this.title)
}
// vue3.x
setup (props) {
// ...
onMounted(() => {
console.log('title: ' + props.title)
})
// ...
}
事件 Events
// vue2.x
login () {
this.$emit('login', {
username: this.username,
password: this.password
})
}
// vue3.x
setup (props, { emit }) {
// ...
const login = () => {
emit('login', {
username: state.username,
password: state.password
})
}
// ...
}
代码对比
// vue2.x
<template>
<div class='form-element'>
<h2> {{ title }} </h2>
<input type='text' v-model='username' placeholder='Username' />
<input type='password' v-model='password' placeholder='Password' />
<button @click='login'>
Submit
</button>
<p>
Values: {{ username + ' ' + password }}
</p>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: {
title: String
},
data () {
return {
username: '',
password: ''
}
},
mounted () {
console.log('title: ' + this.title)
},
computed: {
lowerCaseUsername () {
return this.username.toLowerCase()
}
},
methods: {
login () {
this.$emit('login', {
username: this.username,
password: this.password
})
}
}
}
</script>
// vue3.x
<template>
<div class='form-element'>
<h2> {{ state.title }} </h2>
<input type='text' v-model='state.username' placeholder='Username' />
<input type='password' v-model='state.password' placeholder='Password' />
<button @click='login'>
Submit
</button>
<p>
Values: {{ state.username + ' ' + state.password }}
</p>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { reactive, onMounted, computed } from 'vue'
export default {
props: {
title: String
},
setup (props, { emit }) {
const state = reactive({
username: '',
password: '',
lowerCaseUsername: computed(() => state.username.toLowerCase())
})
onMounted(() => {
console.log('title: ' + props.title)
})
const login = () => {
emit('login', {
username: state.username,
password: state.password
})
}
return {
login,
state
}
}
}
</script>
本文来自博客园,作者:JackieDYH,转载请注明原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/JackieDYH/p/17634156.html