execSQL()和rawQuery()
Android提供了一个名为SQLiteDatabase的类,该类封装了一些操作数据库的API,使用该类可以完成对数据进行添加(Create)、查询(Retrieve)、更新(Update)和删除(Delete)操作(这些操作简称为CRUD)。对SQLiteDatabase的学习,我们应该重点掌握execSQL()和rawQuery()方法。 execSQL()方法可以执行insert、delete、update和CREATE TABLE之类有更改行为的SQL语句; rawQuery()方法用于执行select语句。
execSQL()方法的使用例子:
SQLiteDatabase db = ....;
db.execSQL("insert into person(name, age) values('测试数据', 4)");
db.close();
执行上面SQL语句会往person表中添加进一条记录,在实际应用中, 语句中的“测试数据”这些参数值会由用户输入界面提供,如果把用户输入的内容原样组拼到上面的insert语句, 当用户输入的内容含有单引号时,组拼出来的SQL语句就会存在语法错误。要解决这个问题需要对单引号进行转义,也就是把单引号转换成两个单引号。有些时候用户往往还会输入像“ & ”这些特殊SQL符号,为保证组拼好的SQL语句语法正确,必须对SQL语句中的这些特殊SQL符号都进行转义,显然,对每条SQL语句都做这样的处理工作是比较烦琐的。 SQLiteDatabase类提供了一个重载后的execSQL(String sql, Object[] bindArgs)方法,使用这个方法可以解决前面提到的问题,因为这个方法支持使用占位符参数(?)。使用例子如下:
SQLiteDatabase db = ....;
db.execSQL("insert into person(name, age) values(?,?)", new Object[]{"测试数据", 4});
db.close();
execSQL(String sql, Object[] bindArgs)方法的第一个参数为SQL语句,第二个参数为SQL语句中占位符参数的值,参数值在数组中的顺序要和占位符的位置对应。
下面给出案例:
package com.ljq.domain;
public class Person {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String phone;
public Person() {
super();
}
public Person(String name, String phone) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.phone = phone;
}
public Person(Integer id, String name, String phone) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.phone = phone;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
}
DBOpenHelper数据库关联类
package com.ljq.db;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteOpenHelper;
public class DBOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
// 类没有实例化,是不能用作父类构造器的参数,必须声明为静态
private static final String DBNAME = "ljq.db";
private static final int VERSION = 1;
// 第三个参数CursorFactory指定在执行查询时获得一个游标实例的工厂类,
// 设置为null,代表使用系统默认的工厂类
public DBOpenHelper(Context context) {
super(context, DBNAME, null, VERSION);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE PERSON (ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, NAME VARCHAR(20), PHONE VARCHAR(20))");
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
// 注:生产环境上不能做删除操作
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS PERSON");
onCreate(db);
}
}
PersonService业务类
package com.ljq.db;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import com.ljq.domain.Person;
public class PersonService {
private DBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper = null;
/**
* 构造函数
*
* 调用getWritableDatabase()或getReadableDatabase()方法后,会缓存SQLiteDatabase实例;
* 因为这里是手机应用程序,一般只有一个用户访问数据库,所以建议不关闭数据库,保持连接状态。
* getWritableDatabase(),getReadableDatabase的区别是当数据库写满时,调用前者会报错,调用后者不会,
* 所以如果不是更新数据库的话,最好调用后者来获得数据库连接。
*
* 对于熟悉SQL语句的程序员最好使用exeSQL(),rawQuery(),因为比较直观明了
*
* @param context
*/
public PersonService(Context context){
dbOpenHelper = new DBOpenHelper(context);
}
public void save(Person person){
dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase().execSQL("insert into person(name, phone) values (?, ?)",
new Object[]{person.getName(), person.getPhone()});
}
public void update(Person person){
dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase().execSQL("update person set name=?, phone=? where id=?",
new Object[]{person.getName(), person.getPhone(), person.getId()});
}
public void delete(Integer... ids){
if(ids.length>0){
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for(Integer id : ids){
sb.append("?").append(",");
}
sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1);
dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase().execSQL("delete from person where id in ("+sb+")", (Object[])ids);
}
}
public Person find(Integer id){
Cursor cursor = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase().rawQuery("select id, name, phone from person where id=?",
new String[]{String.valueOf(id)});
if(cursor.moveToNext()){
int personid = cursor.getInt(0);
String name = cursor.getString(1);
String phone = cursor.getString(2);
return new Person(personid, name, phone);
}
return null;
}
public long getCount(){
Cursor cursor = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase().query("person",
new String[]{"count(*)"}, null,null,null,null,null);
if(cursor.moveToNext()){
return cursor.getLong(0);
}
return 0;
}
/**
* 分页
*
* @param startResult 偏移量,默认从0开始
* @param maxResult 每页显示的条数
* @return
*/
public List<Person> getScrollData(int startResult, int maxResult){
List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
//Cursor cursor = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase().query("person", new String[]{"id, name, phone"},
// "name like ?", new String[]{"%ljq%"}, null, null, "id desc", "1,2");
Cursor cursor = dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase().rawQuery("select * from person limit ?,?",
new String[]{String.valueOf(startResult), String.valueOf(maxResult)});
while(cursor.moveToNext()) {
int personid = cursor.getInt(0);
String name = cursor.getString(1);
String phone = cursor.getString(2);
persons.add(new Person(personid, name, phone));
}
return persons;
}
}
PersonServiceTest测试类
package com.ljq.test;
import java.util.List;
import com.ljq.db.PersonService;
import com.ljq.domain.Person;
import android.test.AndroidTestCase;
import android.util.Log;
public class PersonServiceTest extends AndroidTestCase{
private final String TAG = "PersonServiceTest";
public void testSave() throws Exception{
PersonService personService = new PersonService(this.getContext());
personService.save(new Person("zhangsan1", "059188893343"));
personService.save(new Person("zhangsan2", "059188893343"));
personService.save(new Person("zhangsan3", "059188893343"));
personService.save(new Person("zhangsan4", "059188893343"));
personService.save(new Person("zhangsan5", "059188893343"));
}
public void testUpdate() throws Exception{
PersonService personService = new PersonService(this.getContext());
Person person = personService.find(1);
person.setName("linjiqin");
personService.update(person);
}
public void testFind() throws Exception{
PersonService personService = new PersonService(this.getContext());
Person person = personService.find(1);
Log.i(TAG, person.getName());
}
public void testList() throws Exception{
PersonService personService = new PersonService(this.getContext());
List<Person> persons = personService.getScrollData(0, 10);
for(Person person : persons){
Log.i(TAG, person.getId() + " : " + person.getName());
}
}
public void testCount() throws Exception{
PersonService personService = new PersonService(this.getContext());
Log.i(TAG, String.valueOf(personService.getCount()));
}
public void testDelete() throws Exception{
PersonService personService = new PersonService(this.getContext());
personService.delete(1);
}
public void testDeleteMore() throws Exception{
PersonService personService = new PersonService(this.getContext());
personService.delete(new Integer[]{2, 5, 6});
}
}
posted on 2013-08-04 19:33 just__chao 阅读(2070) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报