linux虚拟机——基本操作指令
linux
ps -ef|grep java or ps -ef|grep tomcat 查看java进程source /etc/profile
让配置文件立即生效
ps -aux|grep mysql
查看mysql是否启动成功
aux是BSD风格,-ef是System V风格。一个影响使用的区别是aux会截断command列,而-ef不会。
安装虚拟机基本软件 wget vim net-tools lrzsz
yum install -y wget vim net-tools lrzsz
- 配置网卡和静态ip, 虚拟机ens 云主机eth
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
-
删除UUID ,第三行dhcp
-
增加 ipaddr gateway netmask dns1 dns2 dns1与网关一致
-
重启网络
systemctl restart network
- 配置yum源 并备份
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
weget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
清理缓存
yum clean all && yum makecache
- 安装git
yum install -y git
- 安装配置java环境
yum install -y java-1.8*
rpm -qa | grep java
vim /etc/profile
----------------------
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/ java...
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
-------------------------
source /etc/profile
- 安装maven配置
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/maven/maven-3/3.5.4/binaries/apache-maven
-3.5.4-bin.tar.gz
tar -zxvf apache-maven-3.5.4-bin.tar.gz
mv apache-maven-3.5.4-bin.tar.gz maven
cd maven
vim /etc/profile
export M2_HOME=/usr/local/maven
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$M2_HOME/bin:$PATH
注意端口开放及占用
netstat -anp | grep 2181
linux网络状态 -a,显示所有 -n,不用别名显示,只用数字显示 -p,显示进程号和进程名
linux进程
当前进程ID (父进程与子进程间时隔离的)
echo $$
yum -y install psmisc
/bin/bash
pstree
firewall
- 查看所有打开的端口: firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
- 查看端口是否占用 netstat -nltp
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent
开放8081端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --remove-port=8080/tcp --permanent
删除8081端口
针对某个 IP开放端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.142.166" port protocol="tcp" port="6379" accept"
开放指定IP
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.0.233" accept"
删除某个IP
firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.1.51" accept"
针对一个ip段访问
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.0.0/16" accept"
针对某个 IP段开放端口
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich-rule="rule family="ipv4" source address="192.168.1.0/24" port protocol="tcp" port="9200" accept"
重新加载 firewall-cmd --reload
重启: systemctl restart firewalld.service
启动: systemctl start firewalld
查看状态: systemctl status firewalld
或者 firewall-cmd --state
开机是否启动: systemctl disable | enable firewalld
禁用: systemctl stop firewalld
更新防火墙规则:
firewall-cmd --reload
firewall-cmd --complete-reload
Redis
wget http:``//download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.11.tar.gz
ps aux|grep redis
查看redis进程 ./redis-server redis.conf
后台启动
./redis-cli
redis客户端启动 ./redis-cli shutdown
结束
切换redis的ip: ./redis-cli -h 192.168.60.130 -p 6379
zookeeper
wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.14/zookeeper-3.4.14.tar.gz
配置环境变量
export ZOOKEEPER_INSTALL=/home/java/zookeeper-3.4.14/
export PATH=$PATH:$ZOOKEEPER_INSTALL/bin
服务端操作
./zkServer.sh {start|start-foreground|stop|restart|status|upgrade|print-cmd}
客户端连接
./zkCli.sh -server 192.168.88.130,192.168.88.131,192.168.88.133
create [-s][-e] path data acl
其中-s表示顺序节点,-e表示临时节点。默认情况下,创建的是持久节点。
path是节点路径,data是节点数据,acl是用来进行权限控制的。
kafka
启动kafka
./bin/kafka-server-start.sh -daemon ./config/server.properties
列出集群当前所有可用的topic:
bin/kafka-topics.sh --list --zookeeper ? zookeeper_address
查看集群特定topic 信息:
bin/kafka-topics.sh --describe --zookeeper zookeeper_address??--topic topic_name
ZooKeeper -server host:port cmd args
Mysql
安装
使用wget下载官方yum源的rpm包
wget <https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm>
先卸载原包mariadb-libs
yum remove mariadb-libs -y
rpm -ivh mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm
使用yum安装 myqsql-server
yum -y install mysql-community-server
基本使用
启动Mysql
systemctl start mysqld
重启 systemctl restart mysqld
查看Mysql服务状态
systemctl status mysqld
开机启动
systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl daemon-reload
修改密码
查看安装完成后,在/var/log/mysqld.log文件中给root生成了一个默认密码。使用以下命令查看
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
登录
mysql -u root -p
输入默认密码
修改密码
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyData134.';
或者 set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('MyData4!');
命令查看数据库的密码
cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep password
进入数据库登陆界面,输入刚刚查到的密码,进行数据库的登陆,复制粘贴就行,MySQL 的登陆密码不显示
mysql -u root -p
通过mysql环境变量查看密码生成策略
show variables like '%password%';
添加远程登录用户
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyData4!' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,RELOAD,SUPER ON *.* TO copyup@'192.168.88.135' IDENTIFIED BY 'CopyUp135.';
配置默认编码为utf8
修改/etc/my.cnf配置文件
[mysqld] character_set_server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
从数据库配置---添加授权用户
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.88.134', #主服务器地址 MASTER_USER='copyup', #主服务器授权的账户 MASTER_PASSWORD='CopyUp135.', #主服务器授权的账户密码 MASTER_PORT=3306, #数据库端口 MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', #主服务器log-file MASTER_LOG_POS=0, #主服务器Position MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10; #重新连接时间
查看节点的状态
show slave status\G;
show master status\G;
openresty 常用命令
依赖安装
yum install libreadline-dev libncurses5-dev libpcre3-dev libssl-dev perl
openresty安装
wget https://openresty.org/download/openresty-1.13.6.2.tar.gz