Selenium Webdriver定位元素的几种方式
原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/tobecrazy/p/4570494.html
工作中使用到记录一下。
主要有:
- 上传
- alter dialog
- prompt dialog
- confirm dialog
- select list
- radio box
- input box
- checkBox
测试页面如下:
selenium 最核心的技巧是WebElement的识别和定位
selenium总共有八种定位方法
- By.id() 通过id定位
- By.name() 通过name 定位
- By.xpath() 通过xpath定位
- By.className() 通过className定位
- By.cssSelector() 通过CSS 定位
- By.linkText() 通过linkText
- By.tagName() 通过tagName
- By.partialLinkText() 通过匹到的部分linkText
目前,使用比较多的是cssSelector和xpath,因为一个页面中Id name className tagName LinkText等比较容易重复 不容易 确定唯一
接下来会有具体的例子来演示如何定位
上传文件
一般,上传页面如果是input,像这样的,可以使用sendkeys
首先,这里使用xpath定位到该元素,然后使用sendKeys即可,sendKeys send你要上传的文件的绝对路径
1 //td/input[@type='file']
也可以使用cssSelector,关于xpath和cssSelector更多知识,以后会做一些专题
1 td>input[type='file']
如何验证你写的xptah/cssSelector是正确的呢?
有以下几种方法:
- F12 ,使用浏览器的console ,xpath使用$x() function,css使用 $() function
- 使用第三方插件firebug
- 使用selenium IDE
alert对话框
细分三种,Alert,prompt,confirm
Selenium有以下方法:
Alert alert =driver.switchTo().alert();
1. driver.switchTo().alert(); 获取alert
2. alert.accept(); 点确定
3. alert.dismiss(); 点取消
4. alert.getText();获取alert的内容
select菜单
select也是比较常见的,selenium封装了以下方法
创建select
WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector")); Select select = new Select(selector);
选择select的option有以下三种方法
- selectByIndex(int index) 通过index
- selectByVisibleText(String text) 通过匹配到的可见字符
- selectByValue(String value) 通过匹配到标签里的value
WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector")); Select select = new Select(selector); select.selectByIndex(3); select.selectByVisibleText("桃子"); select.selectByValue("apple");
输入框
输入框就比较简单了,不再多说
sendKeys()输入内容
clear() 清空
单选框(RadioBox)
单选框可以有获取状态,是否被选中
radioBox.isSelected();
是否enable
radioBox.isEnabled()
使用click方法选中
复选框(checkBox)
复选框和单选框基本差不多,此处略
超链接
超链接比较常见,一般都是标签a
<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/tobecrazy/" >Copyright 2015 to be crazy </a>
一般使用click方法
这里我们了解一下浏览器打开超链接时,如果是chrome,点超链接的同时按下Ctrl会打开新标签,按下shift会打开新窗口
这里单讲一下不同窗口切换.
selenium有两个关于获取窗口的方法:
1. driver.getWindowHandle(); 返回的是字符串,获取当前窗口的句柄
2. driver.getWindowHandles(); 返回的是 Set<String> ,获取所有窗口
如果你想在窗口之间切换
driver.switchTo().window(window);
小技巧: 如何滚动到你定位的元素
这里使用java script
// scroll to mylink JavascriptExecutor scroll = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; scroll.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", myLink);
接下来是所有测试代码:
package com.packt.webdriver.chapter1; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import org.openqa.selenium.Alert; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select; import org.testng.Assert; import com.packt.webdriver.chapter3.DriverFactory; /** * this method is for deal with base web elements * * @author Young * */ public class dealWithElements { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String URL = "file://demo.html"; String chromdriver="E:\\chromedriver.exe"; System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", chromdriver); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); // options.addExtensions(new File("")); DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome(); capabilities.setCapability("chrome.switches", Arrays.asList("--start-maximized")); options.addArguments("--test-type", "--start-maximized"); WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(URL); // max size the browser driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@type='file']")); upload.sendKeys("C:/Users/Young/Desktop/demo.html"); Assert.assertTrue(upload.getAttribute("value").contains("demo")); // for alert WebElement clickOnAlert = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@name='alterbutton']")); clickOnAlert.click(); delay(2); // get alert Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(alert.getText().contains("alert")); // click alert ok alert.accept(); delay(2); // for prompt WebElement clickOnPrompt = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@name='promptbutton']")); clickOnPrompt.click(); delay(2); Alert prompt = driver.switchTo().alert(); prompt.sendKeys("I love Selenium"); prompt.accept(); delay(5); Alert afterAccept = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(afterAccept.getText().contains("I love Selenium")); // click alert ok afterAccept.accept(); delay(2); // for confirm WebElement clickOnConfirm = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@name='confirmbutton']")); clickOnConfirm.click(); delay(2); Alert confirm = driver.switchTo().alert(); confirm.dismiss(); delay(2); Alert afterDismiss = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(afterDismiss.getText().contains("You pressed Cancel")); delay(2); afterDismiss.accept(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS); WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector")); Select select = new Select(selector); select.selectByIndex(3); select.selectByVisibleText("桃子"); select.selectByValue("apple"); System.out.println(select.getAllSelectedOptions().toString()); delay(2); WebElement showSelectResult = driver.findElement(By .name("showSelectResult")); showSelectResult.click(); delay(2); Alert yourSelect = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(yourSelect.getText().contains("苹果")); delay(2); yourSelect.accept(); // input box WebElement editBox = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@id='edit']")); editBox.sendKeys("Selenium is good"); WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//input[@type='button' and @name='submit']")); submitButton.click(); delay(2); Alert submitAlert = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertEquals(submitAlert.getText(), "Selenium is good"); submitAlert.accept(); delay(2); // for radio Box WebElement duRadioBox = driver.findElement(By .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Baidu")); WebElement aLiRadioBox = driver.findElement(By .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Alibaba")); WebElement TXRadioBox = driver.findElement(By .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Tencent")); WebElement MiRadioBox = driver.findElement(By .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Mi")); delay(2); Assert.assertTrue(TXRadioBox.isSelected()); Assert.assertTrue(!MiRadioBox.isEnabled()); delay(2); duRadioBox.click(); Assert.assertTrue(duRadioBox.isSelected()); delay(2); aLiRadioBox.click(); Assert.assertTrue(aLiRadioBox.isSelected()); delay(2); // for checkBox List<WebElement> webCheckBox = driver.findElements(By .xpath("//input[@type='checkbox']")); for (WebElement e : webCheckBox) { e.click(); Assert.assertTrue(e.isSelected()); delay(2); } // for links String defaultWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); WebElement myLink = driver.findElement(By .linkText("Copyright 2015 to be crazy")); delay(3); // scroll to mylink JavascriptExecutor scroll = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; scroll.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", myLink); // open link in a new windows press shift when you click delay(2); Actions actions = new Actions(driver); actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).click(myLink).perform(); delay(3); Set<String> currentWindows = driver.getWindowHandles(); System.out.println(currentWindows.size()); for (String window : currentWindows) { if (!window.endsWith(defaultWindow)) { driver = driver.switchTo().window(window); driver.manage().timeouts() .pageLoadTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS); break; } } Assert.assertTrue(driver.getCurrentUrl().contains("tobecrazy")); delay(10); driver.quit(); } /** * @author Young * @param seconds */ public static void delay(int seconds) { try { Thread.sleep(seconds * 1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }