HTML5本地存储Localstorage

什么是localstorage

  前几天在老项目中发现有对cookie的操作觉得很奇怪,咨询下来是要缓存一些信息,以避免在URL上面传递参数,但没有考虑过cookie会带来什么问题:

  ① cookie大小限制在4k左右,不适合存业务数据
  ② cookie每次随HTTP事务一起发送,浪费带宽

  我们是做移动项目的,所以这里真实适合使用的技术是localstorage,localstorage可以说是对cookie的优化,使用它可以方便在客户端存储数据,并且不会随着HTTP传输,但也不是没有问题:

  ① localstorage大小限制在500万字符左右,各个浏览器不一致
  ② localstorage在隐私模式下不可读取
  ③ localstorage本质是在读写文件,数据多的话会比较卡(firefox会一次性将数据导入内存,想想就觉得吓人啊)
  ④ localstorage不能被爬虫爬取,不要用它完全取代URL传参

  瑕不掩瑜,以上问题皆可避免,所以我们的关注点应该放在如何使用localstorage上,并且是如何正确使用。

 localstorage的使用

  基础知识

  localstorage存储对象分为两种:

  ① sessionStrage: session即会话的意思,在这里的session是指用户浏览某个网站时,从进入网站到关闭网站这个时间段,session对象的有效期就只有这么长。

  ② localStorage: 将数据保存在客户端硬件设备上,不管它是什么,意思就是下次打开计算机时候数据还在。

  两者区别就是一个作为临时保存,一个长期保存。

  这里来一段简单的代码说明其基本使用:

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<div id="msg" <span id="15_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="15_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=17&is_app=0&jk=69eb6b88bc58f1e3&k=style&k0=style&kdi0=0&luki=3&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=e3f158bc886beb69&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6283%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="15" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">style</span></a></span>="margin: 10px 0; border: 1px solid black; padding: 10px; width: 300px;
  height: 100px;">
</div>
<input type="text" id="text" />
<select id="type">
  <option value="session">sessionStorage</option>
  <option value="local">localStorage</option>
</select>
<button onclick="save();">
  保存数据</button>
<button onclick="load();">
  读取数据</button>
<script type="text/<span id="16_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="16_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=17&is_app=0&jk=69eb6b88bc58f1e3&k=javascript&k0=javascript&kdi0=0&luki=8&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=e3f158bc886beb69&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6283%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="16" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">javascript</span></a></span>">
  var msg = document.getElementById('msg'),
            text = document.getElementById('text'),
            type = document.getElementById('type');
 
  function save() {
    var str = text.value;
    var t = type.value;
    if (t == 'session') {
      sessionStorage.setItem('msg', str);
    } else {
      localStorage.setItem('msg', str);
    }
  }
 
  function load() {
    var t = type.value;
    if (t == 'session') {
      msg.innerHTML = sessionStorage.getItem('msg');
    } else {
      msg.innerHTML = localStorage.getItem('msg');
    }
  }
</script>

 真实场景

  实际工作中对localstorage的使用一般有以下需求:

  ① 缓存一般信息,如搜索页的出发城市,达到城市,非实时定位信息

  ② 缓存城市列表数据,这个数据往往比较大

  ③ 每条缓存信息需要可追踪,比如服务器通知城市数据更新,这个时候在最近一次访问的时候要自动设置过期

  ④ 每条信息具有过期日期状态,在过期外时间需要由服务器拉取数据

  ⑤ ......

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define([], function () {
 
  var Storage = _.inherit({
    //默认属性
    propertys: function () {
 
      //<span id="4_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="4_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=17&is_app=0&jk=69eb6b88bc58f1e3&k=%B4%FA%C0%ED&k0=%B4%FA%C0%ED&kdi0=0&luki=1&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=e3f158bc886beb69&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6283%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="4" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">代理</span></a></span>对象,默认为localstorage
      this.sProxy = window.localStorage;
 
      //60 * 60 * 24 * 30 * 1000 ms ==30天
      this.defaultLifeTime = 2592000000;
 
      //本地<span id="5_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="5_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=17&is_app=0&jk=69eb6b88bc58f1e3&k=%BB%BA%B4%E6&k0=%BB%BA%B4%E6&kdi0=0&luki=4&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=e3f158bc886beb69&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6283%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="5" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">缓存</span></a></span>用以存放所有localstorage键值与过期日期的映射
      this.keyCache = 'SYSTEM_KEY_TIMEOUT_MAP';
 
      //当缓存容量已满,每次删除的缓存数
      this.removeNum = 5;
 
    },
 
    assert: function () {
      if (this.sProxy === null) {
        throw 'not override sProxy property';
      }
    },
 
    initialize: function (opts) {
      this.propertys();
      this.assert();
    },
 
    /*
    新增localstorage
    数据格式包括唯一键值,json字符串,过期日期,存入日期
    sign 为格式化后的请求参数,用于同一请求不同参数时候返回新数据,比如列表为北京的城市,后切换为上海,会判断tag不同而更新<span id="6_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="6_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=17&is_app=0&jk=69eb6b88bc58f1e3&k=%BB%BA%B4%E6&k0=%BB%BA%B4%E6&kdi0=0&luki=4&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=e3f158bc886beb69&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6283%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="6" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">缓存</span></a></span>数据,tag相当于签名
    每一键值只会缓存一条信息
    */
    set: function (key, value, timeout, sign) {
      var _d = new Date();
      //存入日期
      var indate = _d.getTime();
 
      //最终保存的数据
      var entity = null;
 
      if (!timeout) {
        _d.setTime(_d.getTime() + this.defaultLifeTime);
        timeout = _d.getTime();
      }
 
      //
      this.setKeyCache(key, timeout);
      entity = this.buildStorageObj(value, indate, timeout, sign);
 
      try {
        this.sProxy.setItem(key, JSON.stringify(entity));
        return true;
      } catch (e) {
        //localstorage写满时,全清掉
        if (e.name == 'QuotaExceededError') {
          //            this.sProxy.clear();
          //localstorage写满时,选择离过期时间最近的数据删除,这样也会有些影响,但是感觉比全清除好些,如果<span id="7_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="7_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=17&is_app=0&jk=69eb6b88bc58f1e3&k=%BB%BA%B4%E6&k0=%BB%BA%B4%E6&kdi0=0&luki=4&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=e3f158bc886beb69&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6283%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="7" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">缓存</span></a></span>过多,此过程比较耗时,100ms以内
          if (!this.removeLastCache()) throw '本次<span id="8_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="8_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=17&is_app=0&jk=69eb6b88bc58f1e3&k=%CA%FD%BE%DD%B4%E6%B4%A2&k0=%CA%FD%BE%DD%B4%E6%B4%A2&kdi0=0&luki=2&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=e3f158bc886beb69&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6283%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="8" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">数据存储</span></a></span>量过大';
          this.set(key, value, timeout, sign);
        }
        console && console.log(e);
      }
      return false;
    },
 
    //删除过期缓存
    removeOverdueCache: function () {
      var tmpObj = null, i, len;
 
      var now = new Date().getTime();
      //取出键值对
      var cacheStr = this.sProxy.getItem(this.keyCache);
      var cacheMap = [];
      var newMap = [];
      if (!cacheStr) {
        return;
      }
 
      cacheMap = JSON.parse(cacheStr);
 
      for (i = 0, len = cacheMap.length; i < len; i++) {
        tmpObj = cacheMap[i];
        if (tmpObj.timeout < now) {
          this.sProxy.removeItem(tmpObj.key);
        } else {
          newMap.push(tmpObj);
        }
      }
      this.sProxy.setItem(this.keyCache, JSON.stringify(newMap));
 
    },
 
    removeLastCache: function () {
      var i, len;
      var num = this.removeNum || 5;
 
      //取出键值对
      var cacheStr = this.sProxy.getItem(this.keyCache);
      var cacheMap = [];
      var delMap = [];
 
      //说明本次存储过大
      if (!cacheStr) return false;
 
      cacheMap.sort(function (a, b) {
        return a.timeout - b.timeout;
      });
 
      //删除了哪些数据
      delMap = cacheMap.splice(0, num);
      for (i = 0, len = delMap.length; i < len; i++) {
        this.sProxy.removeItem(delMap[i].key);
      }
 
      this.sProxy.setItem(this.keyCache, JSON.stringify(cacheMap));
      return true;
    },
 
    setKeyCache: function (key, timeout) {
      if (!key || !timeout || timeout < new Date().getTime()) return;
      var i, len, tmpObj;
 
      //获取当前已经<span id="9_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="9_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=17&is_app=0&jk=69eb6b88bc58f1e3&k=%BB%BA%B4%E6&k0=%BB%BA%B4%E6&kdi0=0&luki=4&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=e3f158bc886beb69&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6283%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="9" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">缓存</span></a></span>的键值字符串
      var oldstr = this.sProxy.getItem(this.keyCache);
      var oldMap = [];
      //当前key是否已经存在
      var <span id="10_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="10_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=17&is_app=0&jk=69eb6b88bc58f1e3&k=flag&k0=flag&kdi0=0&luki=9&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=e3f158bc886beb69&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6283%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="10" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">flag</span></a></span> = false;
      var obj = {};
      obj.key = key;
      obj.timeout = timeout;
 
      if (oldstr) {
        oldMap = JSON.parse(oldstr);
        if (!_.isArray(oldMap)) oldMap = [];
      }
 
      for (i = 0, len = oldMap.length; i < len; i++) {
        tmpObj = oldMap[i];
        if (tmpObj.key == key) {
          oldMap[i] = obj;
          flag = true;
          break;
        }
      }
      if (!<span id="11_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="11_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=17&is_app=0&jk=69eb6b88bc58f1e3&k=flag&k0=flag&kdi0=0&luki=9&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=e3f158bc886beb69&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6283%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="11" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">flag</span></a></span>) oldMap.push(obj);
      //最后将新数组放到<span id="12_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="12_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=17&is_app=0&jk=69eb6b88bc58f1e3&k=%BB%BA%B4%E6&k0=%BB%BA%B4%E6&kdi0=0&luki=4&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=e3f158bc886beb69&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6283%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="12" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">缓存</span></a></span>中
      this.sProxy.setItem(this.keyCache, JSON.stringify(oldMap));
 
    },
 
    buildStorageObj: function (value, indate, timeout, sign) {
      var obj = {
        value: value,
        timeout: timeout,
        sign: sign,
        indate: indate
      };
      return obj;
    },
 
    get: function (key, sign) {
      var result, now = new Date().getTime();
      try {
        result = this.sProxy.getItem(key);
        if (!result) return null;
        result = JSON.parse(result);
 
        //数据过期
        if (result.timeout < now) return null;
 
        //需要验证签名
        if (sign) {
          if (sign === result.sign)
            return result.value;
          return null;
        } else {
          return result.value;
        }
 
      } catch (e) {
        console && console.log(e);
      }
      return null;
    },
 
    //获取签名
    getSign: function (key) {
      var result, sign = null;
      try {
        result = this.sProxy.getItem(key);
        if (result) {
          result = JSON.parse(result);
          sign = result && result.sign
        }
      } catch (e) {
        console && console.log(e);
      }
      return sign;
    },
 
    remove: function (key) {
      return this.sProxy.removeItem(key);
    },
 
    clear: function () {
      this.sProxy.clear();
    }
  });
 
  Storage.getInstance = function () {
    if (this.instance) {
      return this.instance;
    } else {
      return this.instance = new this();
    }
  };
 
  return Storage;
 
});

  这段代码包含了localstorage的基本操作,并且对以上问题做了处理,而真实的使用还要再抽象:

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define(['AbstractStorage'], function (AbstractStorage) {
 
  var Store = _.inherit({
    //默认属性
    propertys: function () {
 
      //每个对象一定要具有存储键,并且不能重复
      this.key = null;
 
      //默认一条数据的生命周期,S为秒,M为分,D为天
      this.lifeTime = '30M';
 
      //默认返回数据
      //      this.defaultData = null;
 
      //<span id="2_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="2_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=17&is_app=0&jk=69eb6b88bc58f1e3&k=%B4%FA%C0%ED&k0=%B4%FA%C0%ED&kdi0=0&luki=1&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=e3f158bc886beb69&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6283%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="2" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">代理</span></a></span>对象,localstorage对象
      this.sProxy = new AbstractStorage();
 
    },
 
    setOption: function (options) {
      _.extend(this, options);
    },
 
    assert: function () {
      if (this.key === null) {
        throw 'not override key property';
      }
      if (this.sProxy === null) {
        throw 'not override sProxy property';
      }
    },
 
    initialize: function (opts) {
      this.propertys();
      this.setOption(opts);
      this.assert();
    },
 
    _getLifeTime: function () {
      var timeout = 0;
      var str = this.lifeTime;
      var unit = str.charAt(str.length - 1);
      var num = str.substring(0, str.length - 1);
      var Map = {
        D: 86400,
        H: 3600,
        M: 60,
        S: 1
      };
      if (typeof unit == 'string') {
        unit = unit.toUpperCase();
      }
      timeout = num;
      if (unit) timeout = Map[unit];
 
      //单位为毫秒
      return num * timeout * 1000 ;
    },
 
    //<span id="3_nwp" style="width: auto; height: auto; float: none;"><a id="3_nwl" href="http://cpro.baidu.com/cpro/ui/uijs.php?app_id=0&c=news&cf=1001&ch=0&di=128&fv=17&is_app=0&jk=69eb6b88bc58f1e3&k=%BB%BA%B4%E6&k0=%BB%BA%B4%E6&kdi0=0&luki=4&n=10&p=baidu&q=06011078_cpr&rb=0&rs=1&seller_id=1&sid=e3f158bc886beb69&ssp2=1&stid=0&t=tpclicked3_hc&tu=u1922429&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eadmin10000%2Ecom%2Fdocument%2F6283%2Ehtml&urlid=0" target="_blank" mpid="3" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color:#0000ff;font-size:14px;width:auto;height:auto;float:none;">缓存</span></a></span>数据
    set: function (value, sign) {
      //获取过期时间
      var timeout = new Date();
      timeout.setTime(timeout.getTime() + this._getLifeTime());
      this.sProxy.set(this.key, value, timeout.getTime(), sign);
    },
 
    //设置单个属性
    setAttr: function (name, value, sign) {
      var key, obj;
      if (_.isObject(name)) {
        for (key in name) {
          if (name.hasOwnProperty(key)) this.setAttr(k, name[k], value);
        }
        return;
      }
 
      if (!sign) sign = this.getSign();
 
      //获取当前对象
      obj = this.get(sign) || {};
      if (!obj) return;
      obj[name] = value;
      this.set(obj, sign);
 
    },
 
    getSign: function () {
      return this.sProxy.getSign(this.key);
    },
 
    remove: function () {
      this.sProxy.remove(this.key);
    },
 
    removeAttr: function (attrName) {
      var obj = this.get() || {};
      if (obj[attrName]) {
        delete obj[attrName];
      }
      this.set(obj);
    },
 
    get: function (sign) {
      var result = [], isEmpty = true, a;
      var obj = this.sProxy.get(this.key, sign);
      var type = typeof obj;
      var o = { 'string': true, 'number': true, 'boolean': true };
      if (o[type]) return obj;
 
      if (_.isArray(obj)) {
        for (var i = 0, len = obj.length; i < len; i++) {
          result[i] = obj[i];
        }
      } else if (_.isObject(obj)) {
        result = obj;
      }
 
      for (a in result) {
        isEmpty = false;
        break;
      }
      return !isEmpty ? result : null;
    },
 
    getAttr: function (attrName, tag) {
      var obj = this.get(tag);
      var attrVal = null;
      if (obj) {
        attrVal = obj[attrName];
      }
      return attrVal;
    }
 
  });
 
  Store.getInstance = function () {
    if (this.instance) {
      return this.instance;
    } else {
      return this.instance = new this();
    }
  };
 
  return Store;
});

  我们真实使用的时候是使用store这个类操作localstorage,代码结束简单测试:

  存储完成,以后都不会走请求,于是今天的代码基本结束 ,最后在android Hybrid中有一后退按钮,此按钮一旦按下会回到上一个页面,这个时候里面的localstorage可能会读取失效!一个简单不靠谱的解决方案是在webapp中加入:

1
window.onunload = function () { };//适合单页应用,不要问我为什么,我也不知道

 结语

  localstorage是移动开发必不可少的技术点,需要深入了解,具体业务代码后续会放到git上,有兴趣的朋友可以去了解

转自:http://www.admin10000.com/document/6283.html

posted @ 2015-05-20 10:16  JJ_Chen  阅读(393)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报