数据结构-单向链表 C和C++的实现

数据结构,一堆数据的存放方式。

今天我们学习数据结构中的 链表

链表的结构:

链表是一种特殊的数组,它的每个元素称为节点,每个节点包括两个部分:

  • 数据域:存放数据,此部分与数组相同
  • 指针域:存放了下一个节点的地址(单向链表)、存放上一个和下一个节点的地址(双向链表)

链表比数组多了指针域,因为链表结构是通过上一个节点的指针域去找下一个数据,比如有一个链表ABCD四个节点,其中A节点是链表的第一个节点,如果我们要访问D节点里边的数据。操作如下:

  1. 先通过A节点的指针域找到B节点
  2. 再通过B节点的指针域找到C节点
  3. 再通过C节点的指针域找到D节点
  4. 获取D节点数据域的数据

对比数组直接通过下标访问如x=Array[3],链表的访问方式相当麻烦,既然这么麻烦,为什么还有链表这种数据结构呢?因为链表插入删除节点方式十分便捷,在数据量大的时候,删除数组的数据需要把删除数据后面的数据都前移一位,而链表只需要改变前一个元素的指针域,插入和删除操作速度快

这么厉害的东西,还是看程序比较直接

单向链表

1、C语言

1.1、程序清单

本程序包含3个文件

它们分别是:

(此处插入图)

linkList.h:

#ifndef _LINKLIST_H
#define _LINKLIST_H

typedef int Elem;
typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
struct LkNode 
{
    Elem m_eData;
    struct LkNode *m_iNext;
};
struct LinkList
{
    struct LkNode *m_stListHead;
    int m_iLength;
    int m_iSize;
};

uint8_t LinkListCreate(struct LinkList *list,int size);
uint8_t LinkListDeleteAll(struct LinkList *list);
uint8_t IsLinkListEmpty(struct LinkList *list);
uint8_t IsLinkListFull(struct LinkList *list);
int GetLinkListLength(struct LinkList *list);
int GetLinkListElemIndex(struct LinkList *list,Elem elem);
uint8_t GetListElem(struct LinkList *list,int index,Elem *elem);
//uint8_t GetLinkListPrevious(int index,Elem* elem); 
//uint8_t GetLinkListNext(int index,Elem* elem);
uint8_t LinkListInsert(struct LinkList *list,int index,Elem elem);
uint8_t LinkListInsertHead(struct LinkList *list,Elem elem);
uint8_t LinkListInsertTail(struct LinkList *list,Elem elem);
uint8_t LinkListDelete(struct LinkList *list,int index,Elem *getElem);
void LinkListPrintAll(struct LinkList *list);


#endif
View Code

 

LinkList.c

#include "LinkList.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>


uint8_t LinkListCreate(struct LinkList *list,int size);
uint8_t LinkListDeleteAll(struct LinkList *list);
uint8_t IsLinkListEmpty(struct LinkList *list);
uint8_t IsLinkListFull(struct LinkList *list);
int GetLinkListLength(struct LinkList *list);
int GetLinkListElemIndex(struct LinkList *list,Elem elem);
uint8_t GetListElem(struct LinkList *list,int index,Elem *elem);
//uint8_t GetLinkListPrevious(int index,Elem* elem); 
//uint8_t GetLinkListNext(int index,Elem* elem);
uint8_t LinkListInsert(struct LinkList *list,int index,Elem elem);
uint8_t LinkListInsertHead(struct LinkList *list,Elem elem);
uint8_t LinkListInsertTail(struct LinkList *list,Elem elem);
uint8_t LinkListDelete(struct LinkList *list,int index,Elem *getElem);
void LinkListPrintAll(struct LinkList *list);


uint8_t LinkListCreate( struct LinkList *list,int size)
{
    if(size<=0)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    list->m_stListHead = (struct LkNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct LkNode)); 
    
    //List head haven't datas,and set list length = 0
    list->m_stListHead->m_eData=0;//head Node haven't data
    list->m_stListHead->m_iNext=NULL;
    list->m_iLength = 0;
    list->m_iSize = size;
    return 1;
}

uint8_t LinkListDeleteAll( struct LinkList *list)
{
    struct LkNode *deleteNode ;
    struct LkNode *nextNode ;
    int i;
    if(IsLinkListEmpty(list))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    deleteNode = list->m_stListHead->m_iNext;
    nextNode = deleteNode->m_iNext;


    for(i=0;i<list->m_iLength ;i++)
    {
        nextNode = deleteNode->m_iNext;
        free(deleteNode);
        deleteNode = nextNode;
    }
    deleteNode = NULL;
    nextNode =NULL;
    list->m_iLength = 0;
    return 1;
}


uint8_t IsLinkListEmpty(struct LinkList *list)
{
    if(list->m_iLength == 0)
    {
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}
uint8_t IsLinkListFull(struct LinkList *list)
{
    if(list->m_iLength >=list->m_iSize)
    {
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

int GetLinkListElemIndex(struct LinkList *list,Elem elem)
{
    struct LkNode *tempNode = list->m_stListHead;
    int i;
    for(i=0;i<list->m_iLength ;i++)
    {
        tempNode = tempNode->m_iNext;
        if(tempNode->m_eData == elem)
        {
            return i;        
        }
    }
    return -1;
}
uint8_t GetListElem(struct LinkList *list,int index,Elem *elem)
{    
    struct LkNode *tempNode;
    int i;
    if(index<0 ||index >=list->m_iLength )
    {
        return 0;
    }

    tempNode = list->m_stListHead;
    for(i=0;i<=index;i++)
    {
        tempNode = tempNode->m_iNext;
    }
    *elem = tempNode->m_eData;
    return 1;
}
uint8_t LinkListInsert(struct LinkList *list,int index,Elem elem)
{
    struct LkNode *preNode = list->m_stListHead;
    struct LkNode *newNode;
    struct LkNode *nextNode;
    int i;
    
    if(index<0 || index>list->m_iLength)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    if(IsLinkListFull(list))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    newNode = (struct LkNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct LkNode));
    if(newNode ==NULL)//heap empty
    {
        return 0;
    }
    for(i=0;i<index;i++)
    {
        preNode = preNode->m_iNext;
    }
    nextNode = preNode->m_iNext;
    preNode->m_iNext = newNode;
    newNode->m_eData = elem;
    newNode->m_iNext = nextNode;

    list->m_iLength++;
    return 1;
}
uint8_t LinkListInsertHead(struct LinkList *list,Elem elem)
{
    return LinkListInsert(list,0,elem);
}
uint8_t LinkListInsertTail(struct LinkList *list,Elem elem)
{
    return LinkListInsert(list,list->m_iLength ,elem);
}

uint8_t LinkListDelete(struct LinkList *list,int index,Elem *elem)
{
    struct LkNode *preNode = list->m_stListHead;
    struct LkNode *nextNode;
    int i;
    if(index<0 || index >= list->m_iLength)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    for(i=0;i<index;i++)
    {
        preNode = preNode->m_iNext;
    }
    nextNode = preNode->m_iNext ->m_iNext;
    *elem = preNode->m_iNext->m_eData;//get delete data
    free(preNode->m_iNext);    //delete node of index
    preNode->m_iNext = nextNode;

    list->m_iLength--;
    return 1;
}

void LinkListPrintAll(struct LinkList *list)
{
    struct LkNode *tempNode = list->m_stListHead;
    int i;

    printf("list:\r\n");
    for(i=0;i<list->m_iLength;i++)
    {
        tempNode = tempNode->m_iNext;
        printf("%d\r\n",*tempNode);
    }
    printf("end\r\n");
}
LinkList.c

 

最后在main.h中测试

#include "LinkList.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>


int main(void)
{
    int data[10]={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
    int deletedata;
    int GetListElemData;
    int i;

    struct LinkList *list = (struct LinkList *)malloc(sizeof(struct LinkList ));
    LinkListCreate(list,10);

    //LinkListInsert check;
    printf("LinkListInsert: 1-5:\r\n");
    for(i=0;i<5;i++)
    {
        if(LinkListInsert(list,i,data[i]))
            printf("Insert succeed:%d\r\n",data[i]);
        else
            printf("Insert fail:%d\r\n",data[i]);
    }
    LinkListPrintAll(list);

    //GetLinkListElemIndex check
    printf("GetLinkListElemIndex:data[3]:%d\r\n",GetLinkListElemIndex(list,data[3]));
    
    //GetListElem check
    GetListElem(list,2,&GetListElemData);
    printf("GetListElem list second data:%d\r\n",GetListElemData);

    //LinkListDelete check
    if(LinkListDelete(list,5,&deletedata))
        printf("LinkListDelete (getData:%d)\r\n",deletedata );
    else
        printf("LinkListDelete fail\r\n");
    LinkListPrintAll(list);

    //LinkListInsertHead and LinkListInsertTail
    printf("LinkListInsertHead:data[7] and LinkListInsertTail:data[8]\r\n");
    LinkListInsertHead(list,data[7]);
    LinkListInsertTail(list,data[8]);
    LinkListPrintAll(list);

    //LinkListDeleteAll check
    printf("LinkListDeleteAll:\r\n");
    LinkListDeleteAll(list);
    LinkListPrintAll(list);
    
    free(list);
    list=NULL;

    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

测试结果

(此处补图)

1.2详解:

本部分讲解几个重要额函数,它们分别是:

1、链表创建函数 uint8_t LinkListCreate( struct LinkList *list,int size)

  在这个函数中,首个参数*list是把链表结构体传入,设定链表的头节点(头节点只有指针域没有数据)、使用参数size来规定链表的最大容纳空间、并把链表现在长度置0。

  

uint8_t LinkListCreate( struct LinkList *list,int size)
{
    if(size<=0)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    list->m_stListHead = (struct LkNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct LkNode)); 
    
    //List head haven't datas,and set list length = 0
    list->m_stListHead->m_eData=0;//head Node haven't data
    list->m_stListHead->m_iNext=NULL;
    list->m_iLength = 0;
    list->m_iSize = size;
    return 1;
}
创建链表

 

2、链表清空函数 uint8_t LinkListDeleteAll( struct LinkList *list)

  参数*list传入链表地址,通过list中的链表长度参数来删除链表,具体方法是:

  1.   创建一个deleteNode指针指向头节点的下一个元素(第0号元素);
  2.   创建nextNode指针指向deleteNode的下一号元素(第1号元素);
  3.   删除掉deleteNode的内容;
  4.   deleteNode指针指向nextNode的内容(第1号元素);
  5.   上边的234步骤循环直到所用内容删除;
uint8_t LinkListDeleteAll( struct LinkList *list)
{
    struct LkNode *deleteNode ;
    struct LkNode *nextNode ;
    int i;
    if(IsLinkListEmpty(list))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    deleteNode = list->m_stListHead->m_iNext;
    nextNode = deleteNode->m_iNext;


    for(i=0;i<list->m_iLength ;i++)
    {
        nextNode = deleteNode->m_iNext;
        free(deleteNode);
        deleteNode = nextNode;
    }
    deleteNode = NULL;
    nextNode =NULL;
    list->m_iLength = 0;
    return 1;
}
链表全部元素删除

 

3、链表插入函数uint8_t LinkListInsert(struct LinkList *list,int index,Elem elem)

  参数*list传入链表地址,index传入插入节点的位置(插入在第几号节点),elem传入节点的数据部分

  1.   判断一下传入的参数是否有,有问题则返回0插入失败
  2.   用malloc申请一个newNode(新的节点);
  3.   找到第index-1的节点(存放在preNode);
  4.   找到第index的节点(存放在nextNode);
  5.   把preNode的Next指针指向newNode;
  6.   把newNode的Next指针指向nextNode;(到这里已经完成插入节点,原来的index元素变成了index+1号元素)
  7.   增加list的长度m_iLength;
uint8_t LinkListInsert(struct LinkList *list,int index,Elem elem)
{
    struct LkNode *preNode = list->m_stListHead;
    struct LkNode *newNode;
    struct LkNode *nextNode;
    int i;
    
    if(index<0 || index>list->m_iLength)
    {
        return 0;
    }
    if(IsLinkListFull(list))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    newNode = (struct LkNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct LkNode));
    if(newNode ==NULL)//heap empty
    {
        return 0;
    }
    for(i=0;i<index;i++)
    {
        preNode = preNode->m_iNext;
    }
    nextNode = preNode->m_iNext;
    preNode->m_iNext = newNode;
    newNode->m_eData = elem;
    newNode->m_iNext = nextNode;

    list->m_iLength++;
    return 1;
}
链表插入节点

 

2、C++语言

在C++中,使用模板的方法实现

本程序包括3个文件组成,他们分别是:

定义节点类:Node.h

这个类定义了每个节点的两个区域:m_tpData数据域 和 m_tpNext指针域:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

template <typename T>
class Node
{
public:
    Node();
    Node(T data);
    ~Node();
    void setData(T data);
    T getData();
    void setNext(Node<T> *next);
    Node* getNext();
    void printData();
private:
    T *m_tpData;
    Node<T> *m_tpNext;
};


template <typename T>
Node<T>::Node()
{
    m_tpData = new T;
    m_tpNext=NULL;
}

template <typename T>
Node<T>::Node(T data)
{
    m_tpData = new T(data);
    m_tpNext=NULL;
}

template <typename T>
Node<T>::~Node()
{
    delete m_tpData;
    m_tpData=NULL;
}

template <typename T>
void Node<T>::setData(T data)
{
    *m_tpData = data;
}

template <typename T>
T Node<T>::getData()
{
    return *m_tpData;
}

template <typename T>
void Node<T>::setNext(Node<T> *next)
{
    m_tpNext = next;
}

template <typename T>
Node<T>* Node<T>::getNext()
{
    return m_tpNext;
}

template <typename T>
void Node<T>::printData()
{
    cout<<*m_tpData<<endl;
}
View Code

 

链表类 LinkList.h

#include <iostream>
#include "Node.h"

using namespace std;

template <typename T>
class LinkList
{
public:
    LinkList();
    ~LinkList();
    bool isListEmpty();
    bool clearList();
    int getListLength();
    int getElemIndex(T &elem);
    bool getListElem(int index,T* elem);
    //bool getListPrevious(int index,T* elem); 
    //bool getListNext(int index,T* elem);
    bool ListInsert(int index,T &elem);
    bool ListDelete(int index,T *elem);
    void ListPrint(void);
private:
    Node<T> *m_pList;
    int m_iLength;
};

template <typename T>
LinkList<T>::LinkList()
{
    m_pList = new Node<T>;
    m_pList->setData(NULL);
    m_pList->setNext(NULL);
    m_iLength=0;
}

template <typename T>
LinkList<T>::~LinkList()
{
    Node<T> *nextNode = m_pList;
    while(nextNode->getNext()!=NULL)    //delete Node while pointerNext == NULL
    {        
        nextNode=m_pList->getNext();
        delete m_pList;
        m_pList = nextNode;
    }
    delete m_pList;//delete last Node
    m_pList = NULL;
}

template <typename T>
bool LinkList<T>::isListEmpty()
{
    if(m_iLength==0)
        return true;
    return false;
}


template <typename T>
bool LinkList<T>::clearList()
{
    if(isListEmpty())
    {
        cout<<"List empty clear fail"<<endl;
        return false;
    }

    //delete All node except first node
    Node<T> *nowNode = m_pList->getNext();
    Node<T> *nextNode = m_pList->getNext();
    while(nextNode->getNext()!=NULL)    
    {        
        nextNode=nowNode->getNext();
        delete nowNode;
        nowNode = nextNode;
    }
    delete nowNode;//delete last Node

    m_iLength = 0;
    m_pList->setNext(NULL);
    return true;
}

template <typename T>
int LinkList<T>::getListLength()
{
    return m_iLength;
}
template <typename T>
int LinkList<T>::getElemIndex(T &elem)
{
    Node<T> *tempNode = m_pList;
    for(int i=0;i<m_iLength;i++)
    {
        tempNode = tempNode->getNext();
        if(elem == tempNode->getData())
        {
            return i;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}
template <typename T>
bool LinkList<T>::getListElem(int index,T* elem)
{
    if(index<0 || index>= m_iLength)
    {
        return false;
    }

    Node<T> *tempNode = m_pList;
    for(int i=0;i<=index;i++)
    {
        tempNode=tempNode->getNext();
    }

    *elem = tempNode->getData();
    return true;
}



template <typename T>
bool LinkList<T>::ListInsert(int index,T &elem)
{
    //index out of range
    if(index<0 || index>m_iLength)
    {
        return false;
    }

    //
    Node<T> *tempPreNode = m_pList; 
    for(int i=0;i<index;i++)
    {
        tempPreNode = tempPreNode->getNext();
    }

    Node<T> *newnode = new Node<T>;    //create a new node
    if(newnode == NULL)
    {
        cout<<"new node create fail"<<endl;
        return false;
    }
    Node<T> *tempNode= tempPreNode->getNext();//save pre node pointer
    tempPreNode->setNext(newnode); //set pre node pointer to new node address
    newnode->setNext(tempNode);//set new node pointer to pre node pointer
    newnode->setData(elem);    //set new node new data
    m_iLength++;
    return true;
}

template <typename T>
bool LinkList<T>::ListDelete(int index,T *elem)
{
    //index out of range
    if(index<0 || index>=m_iLength)
    {
        return false;
    }

    //
    Node<T> *tempPreNode = m_pList; //pre node
    for(int i=0;i<index;i++)//find pre node
    {
        tempPreNode = tempPreNode->getNext();
    }

    Node<T> * tempNode = tempPreNode->getNext();//save delete point pointer 
    tempPreNode->setNext(tempNode->getNext());//set pre node  point to next node
    *elem = tempNode->getData();
    delete tempNode;

    m_iLength--;
    return true;        
}

template <typename T>
void LinkList<T>::ListPrint(void)
{
    if(isListEmpty())
    {
        cout<<"List empty"<<endl;
        return;
    }
    Node<T> *tempNode=m_pList->getNext();
    while(tempNode->getNext() != NULL)
    {        
        tempNode->printData();
        tempNode = tempNode->getNext();
    }
    tempNode->printData();
    cout<<"end"<<endl;
}
View Code

 

单项链表模板定义完了,我们在main.cpp中使用int类型实例化它、并测试它的功能

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "LinkList.h"
using namespace std;

int main(void)
{
    /*insert data check*/
    int data[10]={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9};
    LinkList<int> *linklist = new LinkList<int>;
    for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
    {
        linklist->ListInsert(i,data[i]);
    }
    linklist->ListPrint();

    /*getElemIndex check*/
    cout<<"getElemIndex:"<<linklist->getElemIndex(data[4])<<endl;

    /*getListElem check*/
    int getdata;
    linklist->getListElem(2,&getdata);
    cout<<"getListElem:"<<getdata<<endl;


    /*delete data check*/
    int deletedata;
    linklist->ListDelete (0,&deletedata);
    cout<<"delete data:"<<deletedata<<endl;
    linklist->ListPrint();

    /*clearList check*/
    linklist->clearList();
    linklist->ListPrint();

    delete linklist;
    linklist = NULL;
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}

 

运行结果如下:

posted @ 2017-07-14 21:31  HongYi_Liang  阅读(5199)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报