15.2、账户管理
15.2.1、登录和退出MySQL服务器
mysql –hhostname|hostIP –P port –u username –p[password] databaseName –e “SQL语句”
-h 主机名或ip
-P port[3306]
-u username
-p -p[password] 注意，之间没有空格
-e 执行SQL语句 SQL用双引号括起
可以用此语句配合操作系统定时任务，达到自动处理表数据的功能，如定时将某表中过期的数据删除。
15.2.2、新建立普通用户
1、用CREATE USER语句新建
CREATE USER user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD]’password’]
[,user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD]’password’]]...
2、用INSERT语句来新建普通用户
INSERT INTOmysql.user(host,user,password,ssl_cipher,x509_issuer,x509_subject)
VALUES (‘localhost’,’test2’,PASSWORD(‘test2’),’’,’’,’’);
FLUSH PRIVELEGES;
3、用GRANT语句来新建普通用户
GRANT priv_type ON database.table TO user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD]’password
[,user[IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD]’password’]]...
15.2.3、删除普通用户
1、用DROP USER语句来删除普通用户
DROP USER user [,user]…;
例：drop user ‘test’@’localhost’;
2、用DELETE语句来删除普通用户
DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE user=’username’ and host=’hostname’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
15.2.4、root用户修改自己的密码
1、使用mysqladmin命令来修改root用户的密码
mysqladmin –u username –p password “new_password”;
2、修改user表
UPDATE mysql.user SET password=PASSWORD(“new_password”) WHERE user=’root’and host=’’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
3、使用SET语句来修改root用户的密码
SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD(“new_password”);
15.2.5、root用户修改普通用户密码
1、使用mysqladmin命令
不适用，mysqladmin只能修改root 用户密码
2、修改user表
UPDATE mysql.user SET password=PASSWORD(“new_password”) WHERE user=’’ andhost=’’;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
3、使用SET语句来修改普通用户的密码
SET PASSWORD FOR ‘user’@’localhost’=PASSWORD(“new_password”);
4、用GRANT语句来修改普通用户的密码
GRANT priv_type ON database.table TO user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD]’password
[,user[IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD]’password’]]...
15.2.6、普通用户修改密码
SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD(“new_password”);
15.2.7、root用户密码丢失的解决办法
1、使用—skip-grant-tables选项来启动MySQL服务
>mysqld –skip-grant-tables
#/etc/init.d/mysql start –mysqld –skip-grant-tables
2、登录root，设置新密码
mysql –u root
update mysql.user set password=password(“new_password”) where user=’root’and host=’localhost’;
3、加载权限表
fush privileges;
15.3、权限管理
15.3.1、MySQL的各种权限
create, select, update, delete
all [privileges] 指所有权限
15.3.2、授权
GRANT priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...
ON [object_type] {tbl_name | *| *.* | db_name.*}
TO user [IDENTIFIED BY[PASSWORD] 'password']
[, user [IDENTIFIED BY[PASSWORD] 'password']] ...
[REQUIRE
NONE |
[{SSL| X509}]
[CIPHER 'cipher' [AND]]
[ISSUER 'issuer' [AND]]
[SUBJECT 'subject']]
[WITH with_option [with_option]...]
object_type =
TABLE
| FUNCTION
| PROCEDURE
with_option =
GRANT OPTION
| MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count
| MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count
| MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count
| MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count
grant select, insert, update, delete on testdb.* tocommon_user@'%'
database.table *.*所有库的所有表
user ‘user’@’host’
15.3.3、收回权限
REVOKE priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...
ON [object_type] {tbl_name | *| *.* | db_name.*}
FROM user [, user] ...
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM user [, user] ...
