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开源WAF工具ModSecurity

0 前言

  ModSecurity是一个开源的跨平台Web应用程序防火墙(WAF)引擎,用于Apache,IIS和Nginx,由Trustwave的SpiderLabs开发。作为WAF产品,ModSecurity专门关注HTTP流量,当发出HTTP请求时,ModSecurity检查请求的所有部分,如果请求是恶意的,它会被阻止和记录。  

优势

完美兼容nginx,是nginx官方推荐的WAF
支持OWASP规则
3.0版本比老版本更新更快,更加稳定,并且得到了nginx、Inc和Trustwave等团队的积极支持
免费

功能

SQL Injection (SQLi):阻止SQL注入
Cross Site Scripting (XSS):阻止跨站脚本攻击
Local File Inclusion (LFI):阻止利用本地文件包含漏洞进行攻击
Remote File Inclusione(RFI):阻止利用远程文件包含漏洞进行攻击
Remote Code Execution (RCE):阻止利用远程命令执行漏洞进行攻击
PHP Code Injectiod:阻止PHP代码注入
HTTP Protocol Violations:阻止违反HTTP协议的恶意访问
HTTPoxy:阻止利用远程代理感染漏洞进行攻击
Shellshock:阻止利用Shellshock漏洞进行攻击
Session Fixation:阻止利用Session会话ID不变的漏洞进行攻击
Scanner Detection:阻止黑客扫描网站
Metadata/Error Leakages:阻止源代码/错误信息泄露
Project Honey Pot Blacklist:蜜罐项目黑名单
GeoIP Country Blocking:根据判断IP地址归属地来进行IP阻断

劣势

不支持检查响应体的规则,如果配置中包含这些规则,则会被忽略,nginx的的sub_filter指令可以用来检查状语从句:重写响应数据,OWASP中相关规则是95X。
不支持OWASP核心规则集DDoS规则REQUEST-912-DOS- PROTECTION.conf,nginx本身支持配置DDoS限制
不支持在审计日志中包含请求和响应主体

  以上内容摘自:ModSecurity:一款优秀的开源WAF

00 Preface

  本篇介绍如何在CentOS7.6上安装ModSecurity。上面的给出的链接内容比较杂乱,故重新整理以记录。

安装

安装nginx

  如果有nginx,可忽略;如果没有请参考:RHEL/CentOS 安装最新版Nginx

安装依赖

# yum install epel-release -y
# yum install gcc-c++ flex bison yajl yajl-devel curl-devel curl GeoIP-devel doxygen zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel autoconf automake lmdb-devel ssdeep-devel ssdeep-libs lua-devel libmaxminddb-devel git apt-utils autoconf automake build-essential git libcurl4-openssl-dev libgeoip-dev liblmdb-dev ibpcre++-dev libtool libxml2-dev libyajl-dev pkgconf wget zlib1g-dev -y

编译ModSecurity

  我们用的是v3版本,我们在/opt目录下进行安装。

# cd /opt/    # 切换到/opt
# git clone --depth 1 -b v3/master --single-branch https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity    # 下载
# cd ModSecurity/
# git submodule init      # 初始化
# git submodule update    # 更新
# ./build.sh
# ./configure
# make
# make install

【注】在执行build.sh会出现如下错误,可忽略。

fatal: No names found, cannot describe anything

ModSecurity-nginx连接器

  我们现在需要将ModSecurity-nginx编入。

# cd /opt/
# git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity-nginx.git
# nginx -v            # 查看当前nginx版本
nginx version: nginx/1.17.5
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.5.tar.gz
# tar -xvf nginx-1.17.5.tar.gz
# ls
ModSecurity  ModSecurity-nginx  nginx-1.17.5  nginx-1.17.5.tar.gz
# cd nginx-1.17.5/
# ./configure --with-compat --add-dynamic-module=../ModSecurity-nginx      # 如果出现不兼容的问题,请去掉--with-compat参数
# make modules                                  # 会生成如下*.so
# ls ./objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so 
./objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so       # 查看
# cp ./objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so /etc/nginx/modules/   
# 移动位置
# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf        
load_module /etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so;     # 添加到配置文件首行
# nginx -t                                     # 测试通过
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

测试

ECHO测试 

  新增配置文件:/etc/nginx/conf.d/echo.conf :

# service nginx start   # 启动nginx
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start nginx.service
# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/echo.conf 
server {
    listen localhost:8085;
    location / {
        default_type text/plain;
        return 200 "Thank you for requesting ${request_uri}\n";
    }
}
# nginx -s reload    # 重载配置
# nginx -t        # 检测
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]# curl -D - http://localhost:8085
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.17.5
Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:35:40 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 27
Connection: keep-alive

Thank you for requesting /
[root@localhost ~]# curl -D - http://localhost:8085/notexist
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.17.5
Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:35:49 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 35
Connection: keep-alive

Thank you for requesting /notexist

  可以看到正常echo。

配置反向代理

  新增配置文件:/etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf ,内容如下:

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:8085;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
    }
}

  因为正常安装后,nginx是有默认配置的:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf,这个会影响到上面的正常生效。

[root@localhost ~]# mv /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf.bak
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]# curl -D - http://localhost
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.17.5
Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:43:05 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 27
Connection: keep-alive

Thank you for requesting /
[root@localhost ~]# curl -D - http://localhost/noexist
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.17.5
Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:44:06 GMT
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Length: 34
Connection: keep-alive

Thank you for requesting /noexist
[root@localhost ~]# 

  可以看到访问默认的80端口,会反向代理到8085端口。

启用WAF

  配置NGINX WAF以通过阻止某些请求来保护演示web应用程序。

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/modsec
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/modsec
[root@localhost modsec]# sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/v3/master/modsecurity.conf-recommended
[root@localhost modsec]# sudo mv modsecurity.conf-recommended modsecurity.conf

  修改modsecurity.conf配置文件

[root@localhost modsec]# vim  modsecurity.conf 
# -- Rule engine initialization ----------------------------------------------
... SecRuleEngine On <== 设置为On

  修改nginx waf配置文件:/etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf ,添加响应规则。

# cat /etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf 
# Include the recommended configuration
Include /etc/nginx/modsec/modsecurity.conf
# A test rule
SecRule ARGS:testparam "@contains test" "id:1234,deny,log,status:403"
  • Include:包括modsecurity.conf文件中建议的配置。
  • SecRule:创建一个规则,当查询字符串中的testparam参数包含字符串test时,通过阻止请求并返回状态代码403来保护应用程序。

  修改nginx配置文件,来启用WAF防护。

# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    modsecurity on;
    modsecurity_rules_file /etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf;
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:8085;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
    }
}
  • modsecurity on:启用Nginx WAF;
  • modsecurity_rules_file:指定规则文件路径。
[root@localhost modsec]# cp /opt/ModSecurity/unicode.mapping /etc/nginx/modsec/    # 需要先拷贝下unicode.mapping文件
[root@localhost modsec]# nginx -s reload        # 重载配置
[root@localhost modsec]# nginx -t            # 测试
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

  测试参数中带有test,会被禁止。

[root@localhost modsec]# curl -D - http://localhost/foo?testparam=thisisatestofmodsecurity
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: nginx/1.17.5
Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:59:10 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 153
Connection: keep-alive

<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.17.5</center>
</body>
</html>

日志记录功能

  修改nginx配置文件:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,

# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
load_module /opt/nginx-1.17.5/objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so;    # 加载模块
user  nginx;
worker_processes  1;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log info;      # 将错误日志设置为info级别
[root@localhost modsec]# nginx -s reload       # 重载配置
[root@localhost modsec]# nginx -t           # 测试
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost modsec]# curl -D - http://localhost/foo?testparam=thisisatestofmodsecurity      # 再次访问
HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden
Server: nginx/1.17.5
Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 06:02:09 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 153
Connection: keep-alive

<html>
<head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
<body>
<center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>
<hr><center>nginx/1.17.5</center>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost modsec]# tail -5 /var/log/nginx/error.log       # 查看错误日志文件
2019/11/18 14:01:57 [notice] 24845#24845: worker process 25847 exited with code 0
2019/11/18 14:01:57 [notice] 24845#24845: signal 29 (SIGIO) received
2019/11/18 14:01:59 [notice] 25880#25880: ModSecurity-nginx v1.0.0 (rules loaded inline/local/remote: 0/7/0)
2019/11/18 14:02:09 [error] 25879#25879: *11 [client 127.0.0.1] ModSecurity: Access denied with code 403 (phase 1). Matched "Operator `Contains' with parameter `test' against variable `ARGS:testparam' (Value: `thisisatestofmodsecurity' ) [file "/etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf"] [line "4"] [id "1234"] [rev ""] [msg ""] [data ""] [severity "0"] [ver ""] [maturity "0"] [accuracy "0"] [hostname "127.0.0.1"] [uri "/foo"] [unique_id "157405692985.199277"] [ref "o7,4v19,24"], client: 127.0.0.1, server: , request: "GET /foo?testparam=thisisatestofmodsecurity HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost"
2019/11/18 14:02:09 [info] 25879#25879: *11 client 127.0.0.1 closed keepalive connection

参考

       ModSecurity:一款优秀的开源WAF

    https://www.freebuf.com/sectool/211354.html

  Installing NGINX WAF

     https://docs.nginx.com/nginx-waf/admin-guide/nginx-plus-modsecurity-waf-installation-logging/#

posted @ 2019-11-18 14:13  starnight_cyber  阅读(4638)  评论(3编辑  收藏  举报