开源WAF工具ModSecurity
0 前言
ModSecurity是一个开源的跨平台Web应用程序防火墙(WAF)引擎,用于Apache,IIS和Nginx,由Trustwave的SpiderLabs开发。作为WAF产品,ModSecurity专门关注HTTP流量,当发出HTTP请求时,ModSecurity检查请求的所有部分,如果请求是恶意的,它会被阻止和记录。
优势
完美兼容nginx,是nginx官方推荐的WAF 支持OWASP规则 3.0版本比老版本更新更快,更加稳定,并且得到了nginx、Inc和Trustwave等团队的积极支持 免费
功能
SQL Injection (SQLi):阻止SQL注入 Cross Site Scripting (XSS):阻止跨站脚本攻击 Local File Inclusion (LFI):阻止利用本地文件包含漏洞进行攻击 Remote File Inclusione(RFI):阻止利用远程文件包含漏洞进行攻击 Remote Code Execution (RCE):阻止利用远程命令执行漏洞进行攻击 PHP Code Injectiod:阻止PHP代码注入 HTTP Protocol Violations:阻止违反HTTP协议的恶意访问 HTTPoxy:阻止利用远程代理感染漏洞进行攻击 Shellshock:阻止利用Shellshock漏洞进行攻击 Session Fixation:阻止利用Session会话ID不变的漏洞进行攻击 Scanner Detection:阻止黑客扫描网站 Metadata/Error Leakages:阻止源代码/错误信息泄露 Project Honey Pot Blacklist:蜜罐项目黑名单 GeoIP Country Blocking:根据判断IP地址归属地来进行IP阻断
劣势
不支持检查响应体的规则,如果配置中包含这些规则,则会被忽略,nginx的的sub_filter指令可以用来检查状语从句:重写响应数据,OWASP中相关规则是95X。 不支持OWASP核心规则集DDoS规则REQUEST-912-DOS- PROTECTION.conf,nginx本身支持配置DDoS限制 不支持在审计日志中包含请求和响应主体
以上内容摘自:ModSecurity:一款优秀的开源WAF。
00 Preface
本篇介绍如何在CentOS7.6上安装ModSecurity。上面的给出的链接内容比较杂乱,故重新整理以记录。
安装
安装nginx
如果有nginx,可忽略;如果没有请参考:RHEL/CentOS 安装最新版Nginx。
安装依赖
# yum install epel-release -y
# yum install gcc-c++ flex bison yajl yajl-devel curl-devel curl GeoIP-devel doxygen zlib-devel pcre pcre-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel autoconf automake lmdb-devel ssdeep-devel ssdeep-libs lua-devel libmaxminddb-devel git apt-utils autoconf automake build-essential git libcurl4-openssl-dev libgeoip-dev liblmdb-dev ibpcre++-dev libtool libxml2-dev libyajl-dev pkgconf wget zlib1g-dev -y
编译ModSecurity
我们用的是v3版本,我们在/opt目录下进行安装。
# cd /opt/ # 切换到/opt # git clone --depth 1 -b v3/master --single-branch https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity # 下载 # cd ModSecurity/ # git submodule init # 初始化 # git submodule update # 更新
# ./build.sh
# ./configure
# make
# make install
【注】在执行build.sh会出现如下错误,可忽略。
fatal: No names found, cannot describe anything
ModSecurity-nginx连接器
我们现在需要将ModSecurity-nginx编入。
# cd /opt/ # git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity-nginx.git
# nginx -v # 查看当前nginx版本
nginx version: nginx/1.17.5
# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.17.5.tar.gz # tar -xvf nginx-1.17.5.tar.gz # ls ModSecurity ModSecurity-nginx nginx-1.17.5 nginx-1.17.5.tar.gz # cd nginx-1.17.5/ # ./configure --with-compat --add-dynamic-module=../ModSecurity-nginx # 如果出现不兼容的问题,请去掉--with-compat参数 # make modules # 会生成如下*.so # ls ./objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so ./objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so # 查看
# cp ./objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so /etc/nginx/modules/ # 移动位置
# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf load_module /etc/nginx/modules/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so; # 添加到配置文件首行 # nginx -t # 测试通过 nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
测试
ECHO测试
新增配置文件:/etc/nginx/conf.d/echo.conf :
# service nginx start # 启动nginx Redirecting to /bin/systemctl start nginx.service # vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/echo.conf server { listen localhost:8085; location / { default_type text/plain; return 200 "Thank you for requesting ${request_uri}\n"; } } # nginx -s reload # 重载配置 # nginx -t # 检测 nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]# curl -D - http://localhost:8085 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.17.5 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:35:40 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 27 Connection: keep-alive Thank you for requesting / [root@localhost ~]# curl -D - http://localhost:8085/notexist HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.17.5 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:35:49 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 35 Connection: keep-alive Thank you for requesting /notexist
可以看到正常echo。
配置反向代理
新增配置文件:/etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf ,内容如下:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf server { listen 80; location / { proxy_pass http://localhost:8085; proxy_set_header Host $host; } }
因为正常安装后,nginx是有默认配置的:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf,这个会影响到上面的正常生效。
[root@localhost ~]# mv /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf.bak [root@localhost ~]# nginx -s reload [root@localhost ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost ~]# curl -D - http://localhost HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.17.5 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:43:05 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 27 Connection: keep-alive Thank you for requesting / [root@localhost ~]# curl -D - http://localhost/noexist HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.17.5 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:44:06 GMT Content-Type: text/plain Content-Length: 34 Connection: keep-alive Thank you for requesting /noexist [root@localhost ~]#
可以看到访问默认的80端口,会反向代理到8085端口。
启用WAF
配置NGINX WAF以通过阻止某些请求来保护演示web应用程序。
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/modsec [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/modsec [root@localhost modsec]# sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/v3/master/modsecurity.conf-recommended [root@localhost modsec]# sudo mv modsecurity.conf-recommended modsecurity.conf
修改modsecurity.conf配置文件
[root@localhost modsec]# vim modsecurity.conf # -- Rule engine initialization ----------------------------------------------
... SecRuleEngine On <== 设置为On
修改nginx waf配置文件:/etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf ,添加响应规则。
# cat /etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf # Include the recommended configuration Include /etc/nginx/modsec/modsecurity.conf # A test rule SecRule ARGS:testparam "@contains test" "id:1234,deny,log,status:403"
- Include:包括modsecurity.conf文件中建议的配置。
- SecRule:创建一个规则,当查询字符串中的testparam参数包含字符串test时,通过阻止请求并返回状态代码403来保护应用程序。
修改nginx配置文件,来启用WAF防护。
# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/proxy.conf server { listen 80; modsecurity on; modsecurity_rules_file /etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf; location / { proxy_pass http://localhost:8085; proxy_set_header Host $host; } }
- modsecurity on:启用Nginx WAF;
- modsecurity_rules_file:指定规则文件路径。
[root@localhost modsec]# cp /opt/ModSecurity/unicode.mapping /etc/nginx/modsec/ # 需要先拷贝下unicode.mapping文件 [root@localhost modsec]# nginx -s reload # 重载配置 [root@localhost modsec]# nginx -t # 测试 nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
测试参数中带有test,会被禁止。
[root@localhost modsec]# curl -D - http://localhost/foo?testparam=thisisatestofmodsecurity HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Server: nginx/1.17.5 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 05:59:10 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 153 Connection: keep-alive <html> <head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head> <body> <center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.17.5</center> </body> </html>
日志记录功能
修改nginx配置文件:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,
# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf load_module /opt/nginx-1.17.5/objs/ngx_http_modsecurity_module.so; # 加载模块 user nginx; worker_processes 1; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info; # 将错误日志设置为info级别
[root@localhost modsec]# nginx -s reload # 重载配置 [root@localhost modsec]# nginx -t # 测试 nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@localhost modsec]# curl -D - http://localhost/foo?testparam=thisisatestofmodsecurity # 再次访问 HTTP/1.1 403 Forbidden Server: nginx/1.17.5 Date: Mon, 18 Nov 2019 06:02:09 GMT Content-Type: text/html Content-Length: 153 Connection: keep-alive <html> <head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head> <body> <center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.17.5</center> </body> </html> [root@localhost modsec]# tail -5 /var/log/nginx/error.log # 查看错误日志文件 2019/11/18 14:01:57 [notice] 24845#24845: worker process 25847 exited with code 0 2019/11/18 14:01:57 [notice] 24845#24845: signal 29 (SIGIO) received 2019/11/18 14:01:59 [notice] 25880#25880: ModSecurity-nginx v1.0.0 (rules loaded inline/local/remote: 0/7/0) 2019/11/18 14:02:09 [error] 25879#25879: *11 [client 127.0.0.1] ModSecurity: Access denied with code 403 (phase 1). Matched "Operator `Contains' with parameter `test' against variable `ARGS:testparam' (Value: `thisisatestofmodsecurity' ) [file "/etc/nginx/modsec/main.conf"] [line "4"] [id "1234"] [rev ""] [msg ""] [data ""] [severity "0"] [ver ""] [maturity "0"] [accuracy "0"] [hostname "127.0.0.1"] [uri "/foo"] [unique_id "157405692985.199277"] [ref "o7,4v19,24"], client: 127.0.0.1, server: , request: "GET /foo?testparam=thisisatestofmodsecurity HTTP/1.1", host: "localhost" 2019/11/18 14:02:09 [info] 25879#25879: *11 client 127.0.0.1 closed keepalive connection
参考
https://www.freebuf.com/sectool/211354.html
https://docs.nginx.com/nginx-waf/admin-guide/nginx-plus-modsecurity-waf-installation-logging/#
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