前端换肤方案
前端换肤方案
方法 | 特点 | 兼容性 | 推荐度 |
---|---|---|---|
利用class 命名空间 | 最简单的换肤方案 | ||
准备多套CSS主题 | 最常用 | 推荐 | |
动态换肤 | 支持浏览器热换肤,最酷炫 | ||
less在线编译实现 | 不推荐 | ||
CSS变量换肤 | 不考虑IE,最佳换肤方式 | 使用css-vars-ponyfill解决兼容性问题 | 推荐 |
利用class 命名空间
<style>
.red-theme p {
color: red
}
.blue-theme p {
color: blue
}
</style>
<body class="red-theme">
<p> 这里是红色主题 </p>
...
</body>
准备多套CSS主题
/*theme-default.css*/
p {
color: #333
}
/* theme-red.css */
p {
color: #red
}
页面加载后,根据用户需求加载不同的样式列表
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
...
<link id="themeLink" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="./css/multipleTheme/light.css" />
</head>
<body>
<p>light主题显示蓝字,dark主题显示红字</p>
<button onclick="changeTheme()">切换主题</button>
<script>
let currentTheme = 'light';
function getTheme () {
if (currentTheme === 'light') {
currentTheme = 'dark';
} else {
currentTheme = 'light';
}
return currentTheme;
}
function changeTheme () {
const ThemeMap = {
'light': './css/multipleTheme/light.css',
'dark': './css/multipleTheme/dark.css'
};
const themeLink = document.querySelector('#themeLink');
themeLink.href = ThemeMap[getTheme()];
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
有时候需要保存用户使用的主题,可以通过如下方式:
利用路由标记
利用cookie标记
利用localstorage
保存到后端服务器
优化点:
利用CSS预处理生成多套主题样式
动态换肤
这是element ui中的换肤方案,支持浏览器热换肤。生成一套主题, 将主题配色配置写在js中,在浏览器中用js动态修改style标签覆盖原有的CSS。
- 先把默认主题文件中涉及到颜色的 CSS 值替换成关键词
- 根据用户选择的主题色生成一系列对应的颜色值
- 把关键词再换回刚刚生成的相应的颜色值
- 直接在页面上加 style 标签,把生成的样式填进去
先把默认主题文件中涉及到颜色的 CSS 值替换成关键词
// https://github.com/ElementUI/theme-preview/blob/master/src/app.vue#L250-L274
getStyleTemplate(data) {
const colorMap = {
'#20a0ff': 'primary',
'#0190fe': 'secondary',
'#fbfdff': 'darkWhite',
'#1f2d3d': 'baseBlack',
'#324157': 'lightBlack',
'#48576a': 'extraLightBlack',
'#8391a5': 'baseSilver',
'#97a8be': 'lightSilver',
'#bfcbd9': 'extraLightSilver',
'#d1dbe5': 'baseGray',
'#e4e8f1': 'lightGray',
'#eef1f6': 'extraLightGray',
'#1d90e6': 'buttonActive',
'#4db3ff': 'buttonHover',
'#dfe6ec': 'tableBorder',
'#d2ecff': 'datepickerInRange',
'#afddff': 'datepickerInRangeHover',
'#1c8de0': 'selectOptionSelected',
'#edf7ff': 'lightBackground'
};
Object.keys(colorMap).forEach(key => {
const value = colorMap[key];
data = data.replace(new RegExp(key, 'ig'), value);
});
return data;
}
根据用户选择的主题色生成一系列对应的颜色值
// https://github.com/ElementUI/theme-preview/blob/master/src/utils/formula.json
{
"secondary": "color(primary s(99%) l(*0.9))",
"darkWhite": "color(#fff blend(primary 2%))",
"baseBlack": "color(primary h(+6) s(33%) l(18%))",
"lightBlack": "color(baseBlack h(+5) s(27%) l(27%))",
"extraLightBlack": "color(baseBlack h(+2) s(19%) l(35%))",
"baseSilver": "color(baseBlack h(+3) s(16%) l(58%))",
"lightSilver": "color(baseBlack h(+3) s(23%) l(67%))",
"extraLightSilver": "color(baseBlack s(26%) l(80%))",
"baseGray": "color(baseBlack s(28%) l(86%))",
"lightGray": "color(baseBlack h(+10) s(33%) l(92%))",
"extraLightGray": "color(baseBlack h(+6) s(33%) l(95%))",
"buttonActive": "color(primary shade(10%))",
"buttonHover": "color(primary tint(20%))",
"tableBorder": "color(extraLightSilver h(-3) s(27%) l(90%))",
"datepickerInRange": "color(primary tint(80%))",
"datepickerInRangeHover": "color(primary tint(64%))",
"selectOptionSelected": "color(primary shade(12%))",
"lightBackground": "color(primary tint(92%))",
"emptyText": "color(primary s(16%) l(44%))"
}
把关键词再换回刚刚生成的相应的颜色值
// https://github.com/ElementUI/theme-preview/blob/master/src/utils/color.js
import color from 'css-color-function';
import formula from './formula.json';
const generateColors = primary => {
let colors = {};
let baseBlack = '';
let extraLightBlack = '';
let extraLightSilver = '';
Object.keys(formula).forEach(key => {
const value = formula[key]
.replace(/primary/g, primary)
.replace(/baseBlack/g, baseBlack)
.replace(/extraLightBlack/g, extraLightBlack)
.replace(/extraLightSilver/g, extraLightSilver);
colors[key] = color.convert(value);
if (key === 'baseBlack') {
baseBlack = colors[key];
}
if (key === 'extraLightBlack') {
extraLightBlack = colors[key];
}
if (key === 'extraLightSilver') {
extraLightSilver = colors[key];
}
});
return colors;
};
export default generateColors;
直接在页面上加 style 标签,把生成的样式填进去
// https://github.com/ElementUI/theme-preview/blob/master/src/app.vue#L198-L211
writeNewStyle() {
let cssText = this.originalStyle;
Object.keys(this.colors).forEach(key => {
cssText = cssText.replace(new RegExp('(:|\\s+)' + key, 'g'), '$1' + this.colors[key]);
});
if (this.originalStylesheetCount === document.styleSheets.length) {
const style = document.createElement('style');
style.innerText = cssText;
document.head.appendChild(style);
} else {
document.head.lastChild.innerText = cssText;
}
}
less在线编译实现
不推荐
CSS变量实现
CSS Variables (Custom Properties)
/* variable.css */
/* 默认变量 */
:root {
--primary: blue;
}
/* 亮色变量 */
[data-theme="light"] {
--primary: green;
}
/* 深色变量 */
[data-theme="dark"] {
--primary: red;
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" data-theme="default">
<head>
...
<title>Css Variable</title>
<link id="themeLink" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="./css/cssVariable/variable.css" />
<style>
p {
color: var(--primary);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>默认主题为蓝色,light主题显示绿字,dark主题显示红字</p>
<button onclick="changeTheme()">切换主题</button>
<script>
const themeList = ['default', 'light', 'dark'];
let currentThemeIndex = 0;
function changeTheme () {
const htmlNode = document.querySelector('html');
currentThemeIndex++;
if (currentThemeIndex > themeList.length - 1) {
currentThemeIndex = 0;
}
htmlNode.setAttribute('data-theme', themeList[currentThemeIndex]);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
css变量兼容方案
首先需要建一个存放公共css变量的js文件,将需要定义的css变量存放到该js文件,例如(variable.js)
//浅色
export const lightTheme = {
'--primary': 'green'
};
// 深色
export const darkTheme = {
'--primary': 'red'
};
页面使用css变量,例如:
<style lang="scss">
.text {
color: var(--primary);
}
</style>
安装css-vars-ponyfill 插件
「css-vars-ponyfill」 官方概念:在传统浏览器和现代浏览器中为CSS自定义属性(又名“CSS变量”)提供客户端支持的ponyfill。 (具体用法与概念请查阅官方网站:css-vars-ponyfill)
封装切换主题的js,在main.js做初始化调用
// theme.js
import { lightTheme, darkTheme } from "../src/assets/js/variable";
import cssVars from "css-vars-ponyfill";
export const initTheme = (theme) => {
document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme", theme ? "light" : "dark");
cssVars({
watch: true, // 当添加,删除或修改其<link>或<style>元素的禁用或href属性时,ponyfill将自行调用
variables: theme ? lightTheme : darkTheme, // variables 自定义属性名/值对的集合
onlyLegacy: false, // false 默认将css变量编译为浏览器识别的css样式 true 当浏览器不支持css变量的时候将css变量编译为识别的css
});
};