windows下flutter的环境安装

Flutter是谷歌出品的移动应用SDK,性能卓越、体验精美、跨平台、HotReload等等这些特点。

Dart是谷歌推出的编程语言。支持即时编译JIT(Just In Time)、HotReload(热加载)和事前编译AOT(Ahead of Time)。

所以搜索语法要用dart。

一、下载#

二、环境变量#

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PUB_HOSTED_URL=https://pub.flutter-io.cn FLUTTER_STORAGE_BASE_URL=https://storage.flutter-io.cn 注意:这两个环境变量一定要加,否则可能导致后面 flutter doctor 命令连接不上服务

三、安装#

安装git#

安装android studio#

会让你下载SDK,记一下路径,然后配置到环境变量中。

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ANDROID_HOME = Android sdk路径

如果忘记了或者没记或者跳过了安装安卓SDK的步骤:

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安装Flutter SDK#

把之前下载的SDK直接解压。
比如我的是:C:\sdk\flutter

然后把bin目录配置到环境变量中:

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C:\sdk\flutter\bin

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打开cmd检测下:

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flutter --version 查看是否安装成功 flutter -h 能够展示指令,表示安装配置成功

四、flutter doctor 环境检测#

在前面都安装完后,才是正式安装的开始。

打开cmd,运行 flutter doctor
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这是运行成功的例子,那么哪个不对改哪里。

4.1 安卓SDK下载不了#

AppData\\Roaming\\Google 下缓存删掉

4.2 HTTP Host availability check is taking a long time...#

img

  1. 找到flutter sdk的文件目录,依次找到flutter/packages/flutter_tools/lib/src/http_host_validator.dart文件
  2. https://maven.google.com/ 修改为https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/
  3. 关闭所有打开了flutterSDK的程序,找到flutter\bin目录下的flutter_tools.snapshot文件,删除。
  4. 重新打开cmd,再试。(注意要重新打开)

4.3 Windows Version (Unable to confirm if installed Windows version is 10 or greater)#

  1. 打开:\packages\flutter_tools\lib\src\windows\windows_version_validator.dart
  2. 直接替换:
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// Copyright 2014 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved. // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be // found in the LICENSE file. import 'package:process/process.dart'; import '../base/io.dart'; import '../doctor_validator.dart'; // FIX #1 - Remove everything from line 10 to 20 in original source code. /// Validator for supported Windows host machine operating system version. class WindowsVersionValidator extends DoctorValidator { const WindowsVersionValidator({required ProcessManager processManager}) : _processManager = processManager, super('Windows Version'); final ProcessManager _processManager; @override Future<ValidationResult> validate() async { // FIX #2 - Replace 'systeminfo' by 'ver' command final ProcessResult result = await _processManager.run(<String>['ver'], runInShell: true); if (result.exitCode != 0) { return const ValidationResult( ValidationType.missing, <ValidationMessage>[], statusInfo: 'Exit status from running `systeminfo` was unsuccessful', ); } final String resultStdout = result.stdout as String; // FIX #3 - Remove brackets from output final String resultAdjusted = resultStdout.replaceAll('[','').replaceAll(']',''); // FIX #4 - Split the output at spaces, and get Windows version at position 3. // Split again at dots and get the major version at position 0. // Cast the output to int. final int winver = int.parse(resultAdjusted.split(' ').elementAt(3).split('.').elementAt(0)); // Use the string split method to extract the major version // and check against the [kUnsupportedVersions] list final ValidationType windowsVersionStatus; final String statusInfo; // FIX #5 - Check if Windows major version is greater than 10. // Succeeds if true. if (winver >= 10) { windowsVersionStatus = ValidationType.installed; statusInfo = 'Installed version of Windows is version 10 or higher'; } else { windowsVersionStatus = ValidationType.missing; statusInfo = 'Unable to confirm if installed Windows version is 10 or greater'; } return ValidationResult( windowsVersionStatus, const <ValidationMessage>[], statusInfo: statusInfo, ); } }
  1. 删除文件:\bin\cache\flutter_tools.stamp
  2. 重新打开cmd,再试。(注意要重新打开)

4.4 如果不在PC上运行,Visual Studio 不用管。#

4.5 android-licenses#

这个是需要同意一下协议。

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flutter doctor --android-licenses 然后全部同意就行了。

五、使用#

5.1 找不到dart sdk#

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C:\\sdk\\flutter\\bin\\cache\\dart-sdk

5.2 卡在Running Gradle task 'assembleDebug'#

属于网络问题,国内对一些镜像是有墙的,换一下就行。你自己翻也行。

  1. 打开flutter\packages\flutter_tools\gradle\flutter.gradle
  2. 改:
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private static final String DEFAULT_MAVEN_HOST = "https://storage.googleapis.com"; 改成: "https://storage.flutter-io.cn";
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buildscript { repositories { maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google' } maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/jcenter' } maven { allowInsecureProtocol = true url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public' } //google() //mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.2.0' classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version" } } allprojects { repositories { maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google' } maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/jcenter' } maven { allowInsecureProtocol = true url 'http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public' } //google() //mavenCentral() } }
  1. 重新编译运行即可。

项目文件中android/build.gradle也有相关配置,改一下也可以,即只对项目生效。

5.3 Using insecure protocols with repositories, without explicit opt-in, is unsupported. Switch Maven...#

这是因为上一个问题中:allowInsecureProtocol = true没有加,或者路径没有加https。

六、总结#

Flutter使用的是谷歌生态,所以有很多网络不通的情况,如果编译卡住了,可以首先怀疑是网络墙了。

这是我个人安装过程中的一些问题,如果还有其他问题,欢迎评论补充。如果有不对的,或者试了没有效果的,也欢迎指正。

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