一、简要综述以往和现在研究：
1. 随着…的快速发展：With the rapid development of , as … develops quickly
2. 在现实世界中：now, in the real world, at present, nowadays, today
3. 近段时间：in recent years, recently, in the past/last few years, over/during these years
4. 后跟原因：owing to, thanks to, as a result of, due to, because(of), result from
5. 后跟结果：cause,lead to, bring about,result in, take place, occur
6. 发展很快：have an unprecedented development, one of the fastest development in the world
7. 众所周知：as everyone knows, as is known to us all, be universally known, every barber knows that
8. 据说：It’s said that, It’s regarded that
描述一个课题最近引起了关注
1.Much attention has been drawn to…
2.Discussions regarding… have dominated research in recent years.
3. …has critically influenced academic dialogue on…
二、重点回顾与本工作相关的研究：
1. 所谓的：so-called, alleged, what is called
2. 在…的基础上：on the basis/foundation of, on this basis
3. 通过…的方式：in this way, by means of, in …manner, with…method, using…, through/by…, by way of
4. 引起注意的连接词：on the one hand, on the other hand, as well as, not only…but also
5. 相关联：be combined with, in accordance with, be relevant to, be associated with, be linked to, be correlate with
因果：as; since; a result of; so that; lead to; consequently; as a result; therefor; a result of;
递进：also; then; besides; in addition; additionally; what’s more; furthermore; indeed; above all; sure enough;
描述程度的副词：Briefly; insufficiently; sufficiently; inadequately; only partially; partially; thoroughly; adequately;
三、以往工作的不足：
1. 根据：according to, in the light of, in line with
2. 存在不足：there are still a large number of deficiencies in the study, there are lots of shortcomings in…, there exists deficiency in…
3. 转折：even if, but, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, rather than, instead of, unfortunately, whereas
4. 与之相反：conversely, different from, unlike, instead, on the contrary, in contrast
5. 对比On the contrary; not…but…; by contrast; contrarily; on the other hand; even if; in fact; whereas; as; while; nevertheless.
6. 表达当前知识的广度和不足Much is known about…But,little is known about… The academic community has extensively explored …
四、回到本研究中来:
1. 刻不容缓：be of great urgency, admit no delay, all the more urgent to, brook no delay, no time to lose
2. 解决问题：solve/resolve the problem, settle a dispute, finish off, dispose of, overcome difficulty, tackle the barrier
3. 令人…的是：It’s surprising/exciting/relaxing…that, what is surprising/exciting/relaxing… is that
4. 总结：to sum up, summarize, in a word, all in all, in conclusion, in short, in brief, anyway, on all accounts
5. 研究动作: connect, equip, exchange, storage, processing, provide, transmit, organize, complete, access
6. 并列Neither…nor…; either…or…; not only…but also…; equally; in the same way; meanwhile; and also; likewise; similarly; equally;
7. 强调论文的结论 establishes; proves; attributes; illustrates; advances;
8. 解释研究对现有知识体系的贡献Offers; introduces; ushers in; proffers; conveys; promotes; advocates; introduces; broach; reveals; unveils; exposes; unearths;
Part Two
1. A serious weakness with this argument, however, is that ......
2. However, there is an inconsistency with this argument.
3. Perhaps the most serious disadvantage of this method is that ...
4.In this paper, we focus on the need for...
5.This paper proceeds as follow
6.This review is followed by an introduction.
7.This paper describes a system for the analysis of…
8.The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.
9.It is a host of factors that there exist to give rise to my perspective.
10.This paper analyses problems in…
11.There has been a turning point in … methodology in accordance with the advent of…
