drf规范
# 请求工具:postman => https://www.getpostman.com/ # 接口:url链接,通过向链接发生不同的类型请求与数据得到相应的响应数据 # http://127.0.0.1:8888/test/ # https://api.map.baidu.com/place/v2/search ''' ak: 6E823f587c95f0148c19993539b99295 region: 上海 query: 肯德基 output: json '''
# REST: 表征性状态转移(Representational State Transfer) # RESTful规范:web数据请求接口设计规范 ''' 1)通常使用https请求 2)域名:有api关键字出现 -- https://api.example.com (存在跨域问题) -- https://example.com/api 3)版本:不同版本需要标注 -- https://example.com/api/v1 | -- https://example.com/api/1 -- https://example.com/api/v2 | -- https://example.com/api/2 4)资源:请求的目标数据称之为资源,资源一般都有名词复数表示 -- https://example.com/api/v1/books (之前不规范的案例: /get_books/) 5)操作方式:不从请求链接体现操作方式,从请求方式上决定操作方式 -- get:https://example.com/api/v1/books 获取所有 -- post:https://example.com/api/v1/books 新增一本 -- put:https://example.com/api/v1/book/1 更新id=1的一本 -- patch:https://example.com/api/v1/book/1 更新id=1的一本 -- delete:https://example.com/api/v1/book/1 删除id=1的一本 6)资源过滤:通过接口传递参数来过滤资源 -- https://example.com/api/v1/books?limit=10 限制10条 7)状态码:返回数据要标准状态码,通过在数据中 {"status": 200} -- SUCCESS("0", "查询成功") -- NODATA("1xx", "非正确,无数据,显示基本信息") -- FEAILED("2xx", "查询失败") 8)错误信息:请求失败需要标注错误信息 {"message": "请求参数不合法"} 9)操作结果:请求操作成功的返回结果 {"results": []} -- get:返回资源列表 | 返回单一资源 -- post:返回单一新增资源 -- put:返回更新的资源 -- patch:返回更新的资源 -- delete:返回空文档 10)子资源返回资源接口:返回的资源如果有子资源,返回子资源的链接地址,如查找书,书的封面图片就可以url表示 '''
# 路由层 from app import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^cbv/', views.CBVTest.as_view()), url(r'^books/', views.books), url(r'^book/(?P<id>\d+)/', views.book), ]
# 视图层 from django.http import JsonResponse book_list = [{'id': 1, 'name': '红楼梦'}, {'id': 2, 'name': '水浒传'}] def books(request): if request.method == "GET": if 'ak' not in request.GET: return JsonResponse({ 'status': '101', 'msg': 'ak不存在' }, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False}) ak = request.GET.get('ak') if ak != '123abc': return JsonResponse({ 'status': '200', 'msg': 'ak非法' }, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False}) return JsonResponse({ 'status': '0', 'msg': 'ok', 'results': book_list }, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False}) if request.method == 'POST': name = request.POST.get('name') id = len(book_list) + 1 book = {'id': id, 'name': name} book_list.append(book) return JsonResponse({ 'status': '0', 'msg': 'ok', 'results': book }, json_dumps_params={'ensure_ascii': False})
# 视图层 from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse from django.views import View class CBVTest(View): # 通过调度(dispatch)分发请求 def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): pass super().dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) pass def get(self, request): return render(request, 'cbv.html') def post(self, request): return HttpResponse('cbv post method')
<!-- 模板层 --> <form action="/cbv/" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <input type="text" name="usr"> <button type="submit">提交</button> </form>
# 路由层 from app import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^cbv/', views.CBVTest.as_view()), ]
# 1)安装drf:pip3 install djangorestframework # 2)settings.py注册app:INSTALLED_APPS = [..., 'rest_framework'] # 3)基于cbv完成满足RSSTful规范的接口
# 视图层 from rest_framework.views import APIView from rest_framework.response import Response user_list = [{'id': 1, 'name': 'Bob'}, {'id': 2, 'name': 'Tom'}] class Users(APIView): def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return Response({ 'status': 0, 'msg': 'ok', 'results': user_list }) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # request对formdata,urlencoded,json三个格式参数均能解析 name = request.data.get('name') id = len(user_list) + 1 user = {'id': id, 'name': name} user_list.append(user) return Response({ 'status': '0', 'msg': 'ok', 'results': user })
# 路由层 from app import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^users/', views.Users.as_view()), ]
# as_view() # 核心走了父类as_view view = super(APIView, cls).as_view(**initkwargs) # 返回的是局部禁用csrf认证的view视图函数 return csrf_exempt(view) # dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs) # 二次封装request对象 request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs) # 自定义request规则 self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs) # initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs) # 原生request封装在request._request # initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs) # 认证 self.perform_authentication(request) # 权限 self.check_permissions(request) # 频率 self.check_throttles(request)