Celery
什么是Clelery
Celery是一个简单、灵活且可靠的,处理大量消息的分布式系统
专注于实时处理的异步任务队列
同时也支持任务调度
celery能做什么
异步任务
定时任务
Celery的架构由三部分组成,消息中间件(message broker),任务执行单元(worker)和任务执行结果存储(task result store)组成
消息中间件
Celery本身不提供消息服务,但是可以方便的和第三方提供的消息中间件集成。包括,RabbitMQ, Redis等等
任务执行单元
Worker是Celery提供的任务执行的单元,worker并发的运行在分布式的系统节点中。
任务结果存储
Task result store用来存储Worker执行的任务的结果,Celery支持以不同方式存储任务的结果,包括AMQP, redis等
Celery version 4.0 runs on Python ❨2.7, 3.4, 3.5❩ PyPy ❨5.4, 5.5❩ This is the last version to support Python 2.7, and from the next version (Celery 5.x) Python 3.5 or newer is required. If you’re running an older version of Python, you need to be running an older version of Celery: Python 2.6: Celery series 3.1 or earlier. Python 2.5: Celery series 3.0 or earlier. Python 2.4 was Celery series 2.2 or earlier. Celery is a project with minimal funding, so we don’t support Microsoft Windows. Please don’t open any issues related to that platform.
异步任务:将耗时操作任务提交给Celery去异步执行,比如发送短信/邮件、消息推送、音视频处理等等
pip install celery
app=Celery('任务名',backend='xxx',broker='xxx')
创建项目celerytest
创建py文件:celery_app_task.py
import celery import time # broker='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2' 不加密码 backend='redis://:123456@127.0.0.1:6379/1' broker='redis://:123456@127.0.0.1:6379/2' cel=celery.Celery('test',backend=backend,broker=broker) @cel.task def add(x,y): return x+y
创建py文件:add_task.py,添加任务 ```python from celery_app_task import add result = add.delay(4,5) print(result.id) ``` 创建py文件:run.py,执行任务,或者使用命令执行:celery worker -A celery_app_task -l info 注:windows下:celery worker -A celery_app_task -l info -P eventlet ```python from celery_app_task import cel if __name__ == '__main__': cel.worker_main() # cel.worker_main(argv=['--loglevel=info') ``` 创建py文件:result.py,查看任务执行结果 ```python from celery.result import AsyncResult from celery_app_task import cel async = AsyncResult(id="e919d97d-2938-4d0f-9265-fd8237dc2aa3", app=cel) if async.successful(): result = async.get() print(result) # result.forget() # 将结果删除 elif async.failed(): print('执行失败') elif async.status == 'PENDING': print('任务等待中被执行') elif async.status == 'RETRY': print('任务异常后正在重试') elif async.status == 'STARTED': print('任务已经开始被执行') ``` 执行 add_task.py,添加任务,并获取任务ID 执行 run.py ,或者执行命令:celery worker -A celery_app_task -l info 执行 result.py,检查任务状态并获取结果
文字的实现 -celery的使用 -pip3 install celery -写一个py文件:celery_task -1 指定broker(消息中间件),指定backend(结果存储) -2 实例化产生一个Celery对象 app=Celery('名字',broker,backend) -3 加装饰器绑定任务,在函数(add)上加装饰器app.task -4 其他程序提交任务,先导入add,add.delay(参,参数),会将该函数提交到消息中间件,但是并不会执行,有个返回值,直接print会打印出任务的id,以后用id去查询任务是否执行完成 -5 启动worker去执行任务:celery worker -A celery_task_s1 -l info windows下:celery worker -A celery_task_s1 -l info -P eventlet -6 查看结果:根据id去查询 async = AsyncResult(id="a5ea035f-0cc3-44ba-b334-f5d7c7ce681d", app=app) if async.successful(): #取出它return的值 result = async.get() print(result)
#### ```python pro_cel ├── celery_task# celery相关文件夹 │ ├── celery.py # celery连接和配置相关文件,必须叫这个名字 │ └── tasks1.py # 所有任务函数 │ └── tasks2.py # 所有任务函数 ├── check_result.py # 检查结果 └── send_task.py # 触发任务 ``` celery.py ```python from celery import Celery cel = Celery('celery_demo', broker='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1', backend='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2', # 包含以下两个任务文件,去相应的py文件中找任务,对多个任务做分类 include=['celery_task.tasks1', 'celery_task.tasks2' ]) # 时区 cel.conf.timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai' # 是否使用UTC cel.conf.enable_utc = False ``` tasks1.py ```python import time from celery_task.celery import cel @cel.task def test_celery(res): time.sleep(5) return "test_celery任务结果:%s"%res ``` tasks2.py ```python import time from celery_task.celery import cel @cel.task def test_celery2(res): time.sleep(5) return "test_celery2任务结果:%s"%res ``` check_result.py ```python from celery.result import AsyncResult from celery_task.celery import cel async = AsyncResult(id="08eb2778-24e1-44e4-a54b-56990b3519ef", app=cel) if async.successful(): result = async.get() print(result) # result.forget() # 将结果删除,执行完成,结果不会自动删除 # async.revoke(terminate=True) # 无论现在是什么时候,都要终止 # async.revoke(terminate=False) # 如果任务还没有开始执行呢,那么就可以终止。 elif async.failed(): print('执行失败') elif async.status == 'PENDING': print('任务等待中被执行') elif async.status == 'RETRY': print('任务异常后正在重试') elif async.status == 'STARTED': print('任务已经开始被执行') ``` send_task.py ```python from celery_task.tasks1 import test_celery from celery_task.tasks2 import test_celery2 # 立即告知celery去执行test_celery任务,并传入一个参数 result = test_celery.delay('第一个的执行') print(result.id) result = test_celery2.delay('第二个的执行') print(result.id) ``` 添加任务(执行send_task.py),开启work:celery worker -A celery_task -l info -P eventlet,检查任务执行结果(执行check_result.py)
Celery执行定时任务
设定时间让celery执行一个任务
add_task.py from celery_app_task import add from datetime import datetime # 方式一 # v1 = datetime(2019, 2, 13, 18, 19, 56) # print(v1) # v2 = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(v1.timestamp()) # print(v2) # result = add.apply_async(args=[1, 3], eta=v2) # print(result.id) # 方式二 ctime = datetime.now() # 默认用utc时间 utc_ctime = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(ctime.timestamp()) from datetime import timedelta time_delay = timedelta(seconds=10) task_time = utc_ctime + time_delay # 使用apply_async并设定时间 result = add.apply_async(args=[4, 3], eta=task_time) print(result.id)
from datetime import timedelta from celery import Celery from celery.schedules import crontab cel = Celery('tasks', broker='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1', backend='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2', include=[ 'celery_task.tasks1', 'celery_task.tasks2', ]) cel.conf.timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai' cel.conf.enable_utc = False cel.conf.beat_schedule = { # 名字随意命名 'add-every-10-seconds': { # 执行tasks1下的test_celery函数 'task': 'celery_task.tasks1.test_celery', # 每隔2秒执行一次 # 'schedule': 1.0, # 'schedule': crontab(minute="*/1"), 'schedule': timedelta(seconds=2), # 传递参数 'args': ('test',) }, # 'add-every-12-seconds': { # 'task': 'celery_task.tasks1.test_celery', # 每年4月11号,8点42分执行 # 'schedule': crontab(minute=42, hour=8, day_of_month=11, month_of_year=4), # 'schedule': crontab(minute=42, hour=8, day_of_month=11, month_of_year=4), # 'args': (16, 16) # }, }
启动work执行:celery worker -A celery_task -l info -P eventlet
celery==3.1.25
django-celery==3.1.20
在项目目录下创建celeryconfig.py
import djcelery djcelery.setup_loader() CELERY_IMPORTS=( 'app01.tasks', ) #有些情况可以防止死锁 CELERYD_FORCE_EXECV=True # 设置并发worker数量 CELERYD_CONCURRENCY=4 #允许重试 CELERY_ACKS_LATE=True # 每个worker最多执行100个任务被销毁,可以防止内存泄漏 CELERYD_MAX_TASKS_PER_CHILD=100 # 超时时间 CELERYD_TASK_TIME_LIMIT=12*30
在app01目录下创建tasks.py
from celery import task @task def add(a,b): with open('a.text', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write('a') print(a+b)
视图函数views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from app01.tasks import add from datetime import datetime def test(request): # result=add.delay(2,3) ctime = datetime.now() # 默认用utc时间 utc_ctime = datetime.utcfromtimestamp(ctime.timestamp()) from datetime import timedelta time_delay = timedelta(seconds=5) task_time = utc_ctime + time_delay result = add.apply_async(args=[4, 3], eta=task_time) print(result.id) return HttpResponse('ok')
settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [ ... 'djcelery', 'app01' ] ... from djagocele import celeryconfig BROKER_BACKEND='redis' BOOKER_URL='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1' CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2'