六Spring Cloud
回顾之前的:
- javaSE
- 数据库
- 前端
- Servlet
- HTTP
- Mybatis
- Spring
- SpringMVC
- SpringBoot
- Dubbo、Zookeeper、分布式基础
- Maven、Git
- Ajax、json
微服务产生的背景
单体架构
单体业务的问题:
- 随着业务的发展,开发变得越来越复杂
- 修改、新增某个功能,需要对整个系统进行车市,从新部署
- 一个模块出现问题,横坑能导致整个系统的崩溃
- 对团队同事对数据进行管理,容易产生安全漏洞
- 各个模块视同同一种的技术框架,局限性太大,很难根据业务选择最适合的技术架构
- 模块的内容太复杂,如果员工离职,可能要横长时间才能完成任务的交接
为了解决上述问题微服务架构营运而生,简单来说,微服务就是将一个单体应用拆分成
若干个小型的服务,协同完成系统功能的一种架构模式,在系统架构层面进行解耦合,讲一个复杂的问题拆分成若干个简单的问题。
这样的好处对于每一个简单的问题,开发维护部署的难度降低很多,就可以实现自治,可以自主选择最适合的技术框架,提高了项目的灵活性
微服务框架不仅仅是简单的拆分,拆分之后的各个服务之间还要进行通信,否则就无法协同完成需求
微服务之间只需要制定统一的协议即可,至于每个微服务之间使用什么样的技术框架来完成,统统不要关心
这种松耦合的方式开发,部署都变得灵活同事系统更容易扩展,减低了开发、运维的难度。
程序员的境界
1.使用框架
2.掌握技术 自己写框架
3.解决问题
分布式服务
微服务的优点
- 各个服务之间实现了松耦合,彼此之间不再关注对方是使用什么语言开发,什么技术,只需要保证自己的接口的正常访问,通过标准协议访问其他的接口即可
- 各个微服务之间独立自治,只需要专注的做好自己的业务即可
- 微服务是一种去中性化的架构方式,相当于用零件的方式凭借一台机器,如果米格零件出现问题,可以随时替换从而保证机器的正常运行
微服务的不足
- 各个服务之间是利用系统调用使用的,如果某个微服务的远程调用出现问题,导致微服务不可用,就可能产生级联反应,造成整个系统的崩溃
- 如果某个需求要调用多个微服务,如何来保证数据的一致性
- 相比较于单体应用微服务学习难度会增加,对于团队新加入的员工来讲如何快速上手微服务是个问题
微服务的设计原则
从大到小、提炼出核心需求、搞清楚服务间的交互关系,先拆分粒度较大的服务,然后再根据具体的业务需求逐步细化服务粒度,最终形成一套合理的微服务系统架构
- 微服务的粒度不能太呆也不能太小,避免出现多个微服务处理同一个需求 单一职责
- 各个微服务之间要相互独立,自治,自主开发、自主测试、自主部署、自主维护 面向服务
- 保证数据的独立性、各个微服务独立管理业务模型下的数据 自治
- 使用RESTful协议完成微服务之间的任务协助,数据交互采用JSON的格式,方便整和调用 隔离性强
微服务架构的核心组件
- 服务治理
- 服务注册
- 服务发现
提供服务的叫服务提供者,调用服务的叫服务消费者。
- 服务负载均衡(高并发)
- 服务网关
- 微服务的容错机制
- 分布式配置
- 服务监控
解决方案
最好的就是:
spring cloud 和 阿里巴巴的Dubbo
功能 | Dubbo | Spring Cloud | SpringCloudAlibaba |
---|---|---|---|
注册中心 | zookeer、Redis | Eureka、Consul | Nacos、Eureka |
服务远程调用 | Dubbo协议 | Feign(http协议) | Dubbo、Feign |
配置中心 | 无 | SpringCloudConfig | SpringCloudConfig、Nacos |
服务网关 | 无 | SpringCloudGateway、Zuul | SpringCloudGateway、Zuul |
服务监控 | dubbo-admin\功能弱 | Hystrix | Sentinel |
- springCloud+Feign---Restful
- SpringCloud+Feign----Restful
- SpringCloudAlibaba+Dubbo----Dubbo方式
- Dubbo原始模式 (2012年) ----Dubbo
Spring Cloud
微服务时分布式软件架构的设计方式,具体的落地方案有衡多,Dubbo \Spring Boot/Srong Cloud\ Motan等等,spring cloud 基于spring boot 使得整体的开发、部署、配置都非常的简单、可以快速搭建基于微服务的分布式应用,springcloud相当于微服务的各个组件的集大成者
Spring boot 和Spring cloud的关系
Spring boot快速搭建基础的系统,Spring Cloud在此基础上实现了分布式微服务系统中的公共组件,入服务注册、服务发现、配置管理、熔断器、总线控制、服务调度方式是基于REST API。
- 服务治理 Eureka
- 服务通信 Ribbon
- 服务通信 Feign
- 服务容错 Hystrix
- 服务配置 Config
- 服务监控 Actuator
- 服务跟踪 Zipkin
搭建微服务系统的核心中枢
服务治理的核心组件
- 服务提供者
- 服务消费者
- 注册中心
分布式系统架构中,每个微服务再批董事,将自己的信息存储在注册中心,服务注册
服务消费者从注册中心查询的服务提供者的网络信息,并且通过词信息调用服务提供者的接口,服务发现。
注册中心管理各个微服务:通过心跳机制,每隔一段时间微服务回想注册中兴进行汇报,如果注册中心长时间无法与某个微服务通信,就自动销毁该服务
当某个服务的网络信息发声改变时,会重新注册。
服务者、服务消费者、注册中心的关联:
- 启动注册中心
- 服务提供者启动,在注册中心注册一个可以提供服务的实例
- 服务消费者启动,在注册中心订阅需要调用的服务
- 在注册中心将服务提供者的信息推送该服务调用者
- 服务调用者调用相关信息(IP.端口)调用服务提供者的服务
注册中心的核心模块
- 服务注册表
- 服务注册
- 服务发现
- 服务检查
spring cloud的服务治理用Eureka组件
什么是Eureka组件
spring cloud Eureka ,提供服务注册和服务发现的功能。
一:spring cloud Eureka
Eureka Server 服务端
Eureka Client 客户端
服务注册
代码实现:
1.pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>springCloud01</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<modules>
<module>EurekaServer</module>
</modules>
<!-- 父工程-->
<parent>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- JDk9-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-impl</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
<artifactId>activation</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
2.父工程下实现一个子模块Module实现Eureka Server
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springCloud01</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>EurekaServer</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3.配置文件
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: false
fetch-registry: false
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
4.创建启动类:
package com.southwind;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class EuiekaServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EuiekaServerApplication.class,args);
}
}
5.检查打开
注册第一个微服务
服务提供者
服务消费者和服务提供者都是通过Eureka Client 连接到Eureka Server完成注册。
1.创建一个模块,实现Eureka Client
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springCloud01</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>provider</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.配置文件:
server:
port: 8010
spring:
application:
name: provider
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
3.创建启动类:
package com.southwind;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ProvideApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProvideApplication.class,args);
}
}
4.数据持久化:
接口:
package com.southwind.repository;
import com.southwind.entity.Student;
import java.util.Collection;
public interface StudentRepository {
public Collection<Student> findAll();
public Student findById(Integer id);
public void saveOrUpdate(Student student);
public void deleteById(Integer id);
}
实现类:
package com.southwind.repository.impl;
import com.southwind.entity.Student;
import com.southwind.repository.StudentRepository;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class StudentRepositoryImpl implements StudentRepository {
private static Map<Integer,Student> map;
static {
map=new HashMap<>();
map.put(1,new Student(1,"张三"));
map.put(1,new Student(2,"李四"));
map.put(1,new Student(3,"王五"));
}
@Override
public Collection<Student> findAll() {
return map.values();
}
@Override
public Student findById(Integer id) {
return map.get(id);
}
@Override
public void saveOrUpdate(Student student) {
map.put(student.getId(),student);
}
@Override
public void deleteById(Integer id) {
map.remove(id);
}
}
Handler:
package com.southwind.Handler;
import com.southwind.entity.Student;
import com.southwind.repository.StudentRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.Collection;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/provider")
public class StudentHandler {
@Autowired
private StudentRepository studentRepository;
@GetMapping("/findall")
public Collection<Student> findall(){
return studentRepository.findAll();
}
@GetMapping("/findbyid/{id}")
public Student findById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return studentRepository.findById(id);
}
@PostMapping("/save")
public void save(@RequestBody Student student){
studentRepository.saveOrUpdate(student);
}
@DeleteMapping("/delete")
public void deletebyid(Integer id){
studentRepository.deleteById(id);
}
}
二:RestTemplate
通过RestTemplate可以实现不同微服务之间的调用
RestTemplate是spring框架提供的一种基于RESTful的服务组件,底层对HTTP请求及其相应进行了封装,提供了很多的远程访问REST服务的方式,可以简化代码的开发
如何使用RestTemplate
1.创建maven工程
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>springCloud02</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<version>2.0.7.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.创建实体类:
package com.southwind.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String name;
}
3.持久层
接口:
package com.southwind.repository;
import com.southwind.entity.User;
import java.util.Collection;
public interface UserRepository {
public Collection<User> findAll();
public User findById(Integer id);
public void saveOrUpdate(User user);
public void deleteById(Integer id);
}
实体类:
package com.southwind.repository.impl;
import com.southwind.entity.User;
import com.southwind.repository.UserRepository;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class UserRepositoryImpl implements UserRepository {
private static Map<Integer,User> map;
static {
map=new HashMap<>();
map.put(1,new User(1,"张三"));
map.put(2,new User(2,"李四"));
map.put(3,new User(3,"王五"));
}
@Override
public Collection<User> findAll() {
return map.values();
}
@Override
public User findById(Integer id) {
return map.get(id);
}
@Override
public void saveOrUpdate(User user) {
map.put(user.getId(),user);
}
@Override
public void deleteById(Integer id) {
map.remove(id);
}
}
测试接口可以使用
RestTemplate访问服务REST服务
1.将RestTemplate的实例化对象通过@Bean注解注入到IoC容器
package com.southwind.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class MyConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
- 方法名为id名
2.创建RestHandler
package com.southwind.Handler;
import com.southwind.entity.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.Collection;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/rest")
public class RestHandler {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/findall")
public Collection<User> findAll(){
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/user/findall",Collection.class);
}
@GetMapping("/findbyid/{id}")
public User findById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8080/user/findbyid/{id}",User.class,id);
}
@PostMapping("/save")
public void save(@RequestBody User user){
restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:8080/user/save",user,Collection.class);
}
@PutMapping("/update")
public void update(User user){
restTemplate.put("http://localhost:8080/user/save",user);
}
@DeleteMapping("/delete{id}")
public void delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
restTemplate.delete("http://localhost:8080/user/delete{id}",id);
}
}
**底层RestTemplate是对http请求和相应的封装,提供了很多访问远程REST服务的方法,基于它的这个特性,我们可以实现不同微服务之间的调用。
服务消费者
1.创建Module,配置环境
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springCloud01</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>consumer</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.application.yml
server:
port: 8020
spring:
application:
name: consumer
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
3.启动类:
package com.southwind;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ConsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class,args);
}
}
4.Handler
package com.southwind.controller;
import com.southwind.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.Collection;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/consumer")
public class StudentHandler {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/findall")
public Collection<Student> findall(){
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8010/provider/findall",Collection.class);
}
@GetMapping("/findbyid/{id}")
public Student findById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:8010/provider/findbyid/{id}",Student.class,id);
}
@PostMapping("/save")
public void save(@RequestBody Student student){
restTemplate.postForObject("http://localhost:8010/provider/save",student,Collection.class);
}
@DeleteMapping("/delete")
public void deletebyid(Integer id){
restTemplate.delete("http://localhost:8010/provider/delete/{id}",id);
}
}
5.配置类:
package com.southwind.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class MyConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
服务网关
API网关可以对所有的API请求进行统一的管理和维护,相当于为系统开放出一个统一的接口,所有的外部的请求只需要统一的访问这个外部接口即可,系统内部再通过API网关映射不同的微服务。
对于开发者就不需要关注具体的微服务URL,直接访问网关即可
三:Spring Cloud Zuul
1.创建模块,配置环境
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springCloud01</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>gateway</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.application.yml
server:
port: 8030
spring:
application:
name: gateway
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
zuul:
routes:
provider: /p/**
3.启动类:
package com.southwind;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
@EnableZuulProxy
@EnableAutoConfiguration
public class GetwayApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GetwayApplication.class,args);
}
}
网关不仅可以路由映射,还自带了负载均衡
四:Ribbon 负载均衡
分布式高并发
Spring Cloud 提供的一种负载均衡的解决方案,Ribbon 是Netfix发布的负载均衡器,springcloud Ribbon 的使用同样要结合Eureka Server
负载均衡算法:轮询、随机、加权轮询、加权随机
1.创建模块,配置环境
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springCloud01</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>ribbon</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.application.yml
server:
port: 8040
spring:
application:
name: ribbon
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
3.创建启动类:
package com.southwind;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
public class ribbonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ribbonApplication.class,args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
4.实体类:
package com.southwind.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {
private Integer id;
private String name;
}
5.controller
package com.southwind.controller;
import com.southwind.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.Collection;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public class RibbonHandler {
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/findall")
public Collection<Student> findall(){
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://provider/provider/findall",Collection.class);
}
@GetMapping("/index")
public String index(){
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://consumer/consumer/index",String.class);
}
}
网关加不了逻辑,只是简单的路由的映射
五:Fiegn 声明式接口调用
什么是Fiegn
Netfix,Fiegn 是一个提供模板式的Web Service客户端,使用Fiegn 可以简化Web Service 客户端的编写,开发者可以通过简单的接口和注解来调用HTTP API
Spring Cloud Fiegn :可插拔、基于注解、负载均衡、服务器熔断
只需要创建接口,同时在接口上添加关注注解即可
Fiegn 和Ribbion的区别:
- Ribbion是一个HTTP客户端工具,Fiegn 是基于Ribbion,更加灵动
- 支持Fiegn 注解,spring mvc 注解
- Fiegn 基于Ribbion实现
- Fiegn 集成了Hystrix
1.创建模块,配置环境
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springCloud01</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>feign</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.配置文件
server:
port: 8050
spring:
application:
name: fegin
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
3.启动类
package com.southwind;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class feignApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(feignApplication.class,args);
}
}
4.Handler
package com.southwind.Handler;
import com.southwind.entity.Student;
import com.southwind.fegin.FeignProviderClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.Collection;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/feign")
public class FeignHandler {
@Autowired
private FeignProviderClient feignProviderClient;
@GetMapping("/findall")
public Collection<Student> findall(){
return feignProviderClient.findall();
}
@GetMapping("/findbyid/{id}")
public Student findbyid(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return feignProviderClient.findbyid(id);
}
@PostMapping("/save")
public void save(@RequestBody Student student){
feignProviderClient.save(student);
}
@DeleteMapping("/delete")
public void deletebyid(Integer id){
feignProviderClient.delete(id);
}
}
5.声明的接口:
package com.southwind.fegin;
import com.southwind.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.Collection;
@FeignClient(value = "provider")
public interface FeignProviderClient {
@GetMapping("/provider/findall")
public Collection<Student> findall();
@GetMapping("/provider/findbyid/{id}")
public Student findbyid(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
@PostMapping("/provider/save")
public void save(@RequestBody Student student);
@DeleteMapping("/provider/delete/{id}")
public void delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}
六:Hystrix容错监控机制
什么是微服务的容错机制
提前预设解决方案、,系统自主调节,遇到问题即时处理
什么是Hystrix
Netfix
设计原则:
- 服务隔离机制
- 服务降级
- 熔断机制
- 提供实时的监控和报警功能
- 提供实事的配置修改功能
1.创建一个模块,配置环境
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springCloud01</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>hystrix</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.application.yml
server:
port: 8060
spring:
application:
name: hystrix
eureka:
client:
service-url:
default: http://localhost:8761/eureka
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: 'hystrix.stream'
3.创建启动类
package com.southwind;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class hystrixApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(hystrixApplication.class,args);
}
}
4.实体类:
package com.southwind.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Student {
private Integer id;
private String name;
}
5.接口:
package com.southwind.fegin;
import com.southwind.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.Collection;
@FeignClient(value = "provider")
public interface FeignProviderClient {
@GetMapping("/provider/findall")
public Collection<Student> findall();
@GetMapping("/provider/findbyid/{id}")
public Student findbyid(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
@PostMapping("/provider/save")
public void save(@RequestBody Student student);
@DeleteMapping("/provider/delete/{id}")
public void delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}
6.controller
package com.southwind.Handler;
import com.southwind.entity.Student;
import com.southwind.fegin.FeignProviderClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.Collection;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/hystrix")
public class FeignHandler {
@Autowired
private FeignProviderClient feignProviderClient;
@GetMapping("/findall")
public Collection<Student> findall(){
return feignProviderClient.findall();
}
@GetMapping("/findbyid/{id}")
public Student findbyid(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
return feignProviderClient.findbyid(id);
}
@PostMapping("/save")
public void save(@RequestBody Student student){
feignProviderClient.save(student);
}
@DeleteMapping("/delete")
public void deletebyid(Integer id){
feignProviderClient.delete(id);
}
}
数据监控的url
7.添加可是化页面组件
<!-- 可视化依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
8.启动类添加组件
@EnableHystrixDashboard
package com.southwind;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableCircuitBreaker
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class hystrixApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(hystrixApplication.class,args);
}
}
http://localhost:8060/hystrix 可视化界面url
七:Spring Cloud Config 本地配置
本地文件系统
我们可以将微服务的相关配置文件存储到本地文件中,然后让微服务来读取本地文件。
创建本地文件 Config Server
1.创建模块,配置环境
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springCloud01</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>nativeConfigServer</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.配置application.yml
server:
port: 8762
spring:
application:
name: nativeconfigserver
profiles:
active: native
cloud:
config:
server:
native:
search-location: classpath:/shared
3.创建文件夹shared、文件configclient-dev.yml
server:
port: 8070
foo: foo version 1
4.编写启动类
package com.southwind;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
public class nativeServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(nativeServerApplication.class,args);
}
}
配置中心已经完成
创建客户端
1.创建模块,配置环境
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springCloud01</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>nativeconfigclient</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.创建文件
bootstrap.yml
spring:
application:
name: configclient
profiles:
active: dev
cloud:
config:
uri: http://localhost:8762
fail-fast: true
3启动类:
package com.southwind;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class nativeConfigCliehtApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(nativeConfigCliehtApplication.class,args);
}
}
4.handler:
package com.southwind.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/native")
public class NativeConfigHandler {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;
@Value("${foo}")
private String foo;
@GetMapping("/index")
public String index(){
return this.port+"---"+this.foo;
}
}
八:服务跟踪:
Zipkin 实现服务跟踪
什么是Zipkin ?
- Zipkin Server 追踪
- Zipkin Client 图形界面
Spring Cloud Sleuth 集成了Zipkin
Zipkin Server
1创建模块,配置环境
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springCloud01</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>zipkin</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Zipkin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
<artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId>
<version>2.9.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId>
<artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId>
<version>2.9.4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.application.yml
server:
port: 9090
3.启动类
package com.southwind;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import zipkin.server.internal.EnableZipkinServer;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZipkinServer
public class zipkinApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(zipkinApplication.class,args);
}
}
创建Zipkin Client
1.创建模块,导入依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>springCloud01</artifactId>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>zipkinClient</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2.application.yml
server:
port: 8090
spring:
application:
name: zipkinclient
sleuth:
web:
client:
enabled: true
sampler:
probability: 1.0
zipkin:
base-url: http://localhost:9090/
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
3.创建客户端的启动类:
package com.southwind;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class zipkinClientApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(zipkinClientApplication.class,args);
}
}
4.创建Handler
package com.southwind.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/zipkin")
public class zipkinHandler {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;
@GetMapping("/index")
public String index(){
return this.port;
}
}
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