软件工程日报（4.17）

问题：

8-1 【Python0021】电子算盘

分数 10

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作者 doublebest

单位 石家庄铁道大学

【题目描述】设计一个电子算盘。要求绘制电子算盘界面，设计并实现打珠算过程（界面参考如下图示）。

界面右侧要求以图形绘制的方式绘制自画像，注意不能是图像文件显示的形式。

图 电子算盘参考界面示意

【练习要求】请给出源代码程序和运行测试结果，源代码程序要求添加必要的注释。

代码：

from tkinter import *

def initWindow():
    rect = canvas.create_rectangle(25, 40, 450, 400, width=5)       # 算盘边框
    x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0

    line_fenge = canvas.create_line(25, 100, 450, 100, width=5)     # 生成上下珠的分割线
    x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
    for i in range(5):  # 生成5个上珠
        top_oval[i] = canvas.create_oval(40 + x0, 60 + y0, 100 + x1, 90 + y1, fill='orange', tags=f"top{i}")
        x0 += 80
        x1 += 80
    x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
    for i in range(4):  # 生成4*5个下珠
        for j in range(5):
            below_oval[i][j] = canvas.create_oval(40 + x0, 160 + y0, 100 + x1, 190 + y1, fill='yellow', tags=f"below{i}{j}")
            chushi[i][j] = canvas.coords(below_oval[i][j])
            x0 += 80
            x1 += 80
        x0 = 0
        x1 = 0
        y0 += 60
        y1 += 60
    print(chushi)
    num = [[0 for i in range(5)] for j in range(4)]  # 五个下珠分别对应的数值
    num2 = [0 for i in range(5)]  # 五个上珠分别对应的数值
    canvas.create_oval(750, 370, 470, 90, fill='yellow')
    canvas.create_oval(500, 170, 560, 200, fill='black')
    canvas.create_oval(650, 170, 710, 200, fill='black')

    canvas.create_arc(500, 200, 700, 300, start=-150, extent=120, style=ARC, width=5)
def get_empty():
    empty = [[0 for j in range(5)] for i in range(4)]
    for i in range(4):
        for j in range(5):
            if canvas.coords(below_oval[i][j]) != chushi[i][j]:
                empty[i][j] = 1
    print(empty)
    return empty

def bind():
    def handler_adaptor(handler, fun, row, col):
        """事件处理函数的适配器，相当于中介，可以帮助tag_bind函数传递参数"""
        return lambda event, handler=handler, fun=fun, col=col, row=row: handler(event=event, fun=fun, row=row, col=col)

    def handler_adaptor2(handler2, fun, row):
        """事件处理函数的适配器，相当于中介，可以帮助tag_bind函数传递参数"""
        return lambda event, handler2=handler2, fun=fun, row=row: handler2(event=event, fun=fun, row=row)

    def handler(event, fun, row, col):
        """下珠上划"""
        content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
        empty = get_empty()
        if row == 0:
            if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 40 >= 100:
                canvas.move(content, 0, -40)
        else:
            if empty[row - 1][col] == 1:
                if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 40 >= 110 + 10 * (row + 1):
                    canvas.move(content, 0, -40)

    def handler2(event, fun, row):
        """上珠上划"""
        content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
        if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 20 >= 40:
            canvas.move(content, 0, -20)

    def handler3(event, fun, row, col):
        """下珠下划"""
        content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
        empty = get_empty()
        if row == 3:
            if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) + 40 <= 350:
                canvas.move(content, 0, 40)
        else:
            if empty[row][col] == 1:
                canvas.move(content, 0, 40)

    def handler4(event, fun, row):
        """上珠下划"""
        content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
        if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) + 20 <= 60:
            canvas.move(content, 0, 20)

    for i in range(5):
        canvas.tag_bind(top_oval[i], "<Button-1>", handler_adaptor2(handler2, fun=top_oval[i], row=i))
        canvas.tag_bind(top_oval[i], "<Button-3>", handler_adaptor2(handler4, fun=top_oval[i], row=i))
    for i in range(4):
        for j in range(5):
            canvas.tag_bind(below_oval[i][j], "<Button-1>", handler_adaptor(handler, fun=below_oval[i][j], row=i, col=j))
            canvas.tag_bind(below_oval[i][j], "<Button-3>", handler_adaptor(handler3, fun=below_oval[i][j], row=i, col=j))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    window = Tk()
    window.title("电子算盘")
    window.geometry("800x500")
    canvas = Canvas(window, width="800", height="500", bg="white")
    canvas.pack()
    top_oval = [int for i in range(5)]  # 定义列表存储5个上珠
    below_oval = [[int for i in range(5)] for i in range(4)]  # 定义列表存储4*5个下珠
    chushi = [[0 for j in range(5)] for i in range(4)]  # 所有下珠的初始坐标
    initWindow()
    bind()
    window.mainloop()