Spring JDBCTemplate

1.介绍

Spring框架对JDBC的简单封装。提供了一个JDBCTemplate对象简化JDBC的开发

它是Spring框架中提供的一个对象,是对原始繁琐的jdbc API对象的简单封装。Spring框架为我们提供了很多操作模板类。例如:操作关系型数据的Jdbc Template和Hibernate Template,操作nosql数据库的Redis Template,操作消息队列Jms Template

步骤

  (1)导入jar包

推荐一个网址,可以下载到想要的jar包:https://mvnrepository.com/ 

  (2)创建JdbcTemplate对象。依赖于数据源DataSource

    JdbcTemplate template = new JdbcTemplate(ds);

  (3)调用JdbcTemplate 的方法来完成CRUD的操作

    * update():执行DML语句。增删改语句

    * queryForMap():查询结果将结果集封装为map集合,注意:这个方法查询的结果集长度只能为1(即只能有一条记录),将列名作为key,值作为value,将这条记录封装为一个map集合

              

    * queryForList():查询结果将结果集封装为List集合,注意:将每一条记录封装为一个Map集合,再将Map集合装在到List集合中

    * query():查询结果,将结果封装为JavaBean对象

      query参数:RowMapper

        一般我们使用BeanPropertyRowMapper实现类。可以完成数据到JavaBean的字段封装

          new BeanPropertyRowMapper<类型>(类型.class)

      自动看属性,和数据库的字段名,如果匹配,就会把值拿出来装到对应的set里面取

    * queryForObject:查询结果,将结果封装为对象

      一般用于聚合函数的查询

2.JdbcTemplate使用

 第一个入门JdbcTemplate程序

package cn.company.datasource.jdbctemplate;

import cn.company.datasource.utils.JDBCUtils;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

public class JdbcTemplateDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1.导入jar包
        // 2.创建JDBCTemplate对象
        JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils.getDataSource());
        // 3.调用方法
        String sql = "update users set name='zhaoliu' where id=?";
        int update = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, 4);
        System.out.println(update);
    }
}

 3.练习

需求:

  (1)修改1号数据的password为444555

  (2)添加一条记录

  (3)删除刚才添加的记录

  (4)查询id为1的记录,将其封装为Map集合

  (5)查询所有记录,将其封装为List

  (6)查询所有记录,将其封装为Emp对象的List集合

  (7)查询总记录数

 

 Emp.java

package cn.company.domain;

import java.sql.Date;

public class Emp {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String password;
    private String email;
    private Date birthday;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }


    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }


    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Emp{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", password='" + password + '\'' + ", email='" + email
            + '\'' + ", birthday=" + birthday + '}';
    }
}

JdbcTemplateDemo2.java

package cn.company.datasource.jdbctemplate;

import cn.company.datasource.utils.JDBCUtils;
import cn.company.domain.Emp;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

import java.sql.Date;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class JdbcTemplateDemo2 {
    //使用Junit单元测试,可以让方法独立执行
    // 创建JDBCTemplate对象
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(JDBCUtils.getDataSource());
    /**
     * (1)修改1号数据的password为444555
     */
    @Test
    public void test1() {
        String sql = "update users set password=444555 where id=?";
        int update1 = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, 1);
        System.out.println(update1);
    }

    /**
     * (2)添加一条记录
     */
    @Test
    public void test2() {
        String sql = "insert into users(id,name,password,email,birthday) values(?,?,?,?,?)";
        int update2 = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, 5, "guojing", "333333", "123456@qq.com", "1999-12-17");
        System.out.println(update2);
    }

    /**
     * (3)删除刚才添加的记录
     */
    @Test
    public void test3() {
        String sql = "delete from users where id=?";
        int update3 = jdbcTemplate.update(sql, 5);
        System.out.println(update3);

    }

    /**
     * (4)查询id为1的记录,将其封装为Map集合
     * 注意:这个方法,查询的结果集长度只能为1
     */
    @Test
    public void test4() {
        String sql = "select * from users where id=?";
        Map<String, Object> stringObjectMap = jdbcTemplate.queryForMap(sql, 1);
        System.out.println(stringObjectMap);
    }

    /**
     * (5)查询所有记录,将其封装为List
     */
    @Test
    public void test5() {
        String sql = "select * from users where id=? or id=?";
        List<Map<String, Object>> mapList = jdbcTemplate.queryForList(sql, 1, 5);
        System.out.println(mapList);
        for (Map<String, Object> stringObjectMap : mapList) {
            System.out.println(stringObjectMap);
        }
    }

    /**
     * (6)查询所有记录,将其封装为Emp对象(JavaBean对象)的List集合
     */
    @Test
    public void test6() {
        String sql = "select * from users";
        List<Emp> list = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowMapper<Emp>() {

            @Override
            public Emp mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
                Emp emp = new Emp();
                int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
                String name = resultSet.getString("name");
                String password = resultSet.getString("password");
                String email = resultSet.getString("email");
                Date birthday = resultSet.getDate("birthday");

                emp.setId(id);
                emp.setName(name);
                emp.setPassword(password);
                emp.setEmail(email);
                emp.setBirthday(birthday);

                return emp;
            }
        });

        for (Emp emp : list) {
            System.out.println(emp);

        }
    }

    /**
     * (6)查询所有记录,将其封装为Emp对象(JavaBean对象)的List集合
     * BeanPropertyRowMapper已经实现了RowMapper接口了
     */
    @Test
    public void test6_2() {
        String sql = "select * from users";
        List<Emp> list = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Emp>(Emp.class));
        for (Emp emp : list) {
            System.out.println(emp);
        }
    }

    /**
     * (7)查询总记录数
     */
    @Test
    public void test7() {
        String sql = "select count(id) from users";
        Long aLong = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, Long.class);
        System.out.println(aLong);
    }

}

4.新的开发步骤(不用导入jar包,通过在pom.xml中导入坐标的方式)

(1)导入spring-jdbc(因为底层封装了JdbcTemplate)和spring-tx坐标(因为底层用到了事务)(pom.xml中)

(2)创建数据库表和实体

(3)创建JdbcTemplate对象

(4)执行数据库操作

案例:

(1)在pom.xml中导入spring-jdbc和spring-tx

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring_jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.44</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

 (2)创建数据库表

CREATE DATABASE test CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_estonian_ci;

USE test;

CREATE TABLE `account` (
    `name` VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL ,
    `money`  INT NOT NULL,
    primary key (`name`)
) ENGINE = INNODB DEFAULT charset = utf8;

 修改money的字段类型

alter table account modify column money double;

  创建实体

package com.company.domain;

public class Account {
    private String name;
    private double money;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public double getMoney() {
        return money;
    }

    public void setMoney(double money) {
        this.money = money;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Account{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", money=" + money + '}';
    }
}

(3)创建JdbcTemplate对象 

(4)执行数据库操作

JdbcTemplateTest.java

package com.company.test;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;

public class JdbcTemplateTest {
    // 测试JdbcTemplate开发步骤
    @Test
    public void test1() throws PropertyVetoException {
        // 创建数据源对象
        ComboPooledDataSource cpds = new ComboPooledDataSource();
        cpds.setDriverClass("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        cpds.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test");
        cpds.setUser("root");
        cpds.setPassword("123456");
        JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate();
        // 设置数据源对象,知道数据库在哪
        jdbcTemplate.setDataSource(cpds);
        // 执行操作
        int row = jdbcTemplate.update("insert into account values (?,?)", "tom", 5000);
        System.out.println(row);
    }
}

5.Spring产生JdbcTemplate对象

 我们可以将JdbcTemplate的创建权交给Spring,将DataSource的创建权也交给Spring,在Spring容器内部将数据源DataSource注入到JdbcTemplate模板对象中,配置如下:

 这样我们直接可以getBean()获取对象JdbcTemplate实例了

 完整版代码

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--数据源DataSource-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test"/>
        <property name="user" value="root"/>
        <property name="password" value="123456"/>
    </bean>
    <!--JdbcTemplate模板对象-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

JdbcTemplateTest.java

package com.company.test;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

import java.beans.PropertyVetoException;

public class JdbcTemplateTest {
    @Test
    // 测试Spring产生JdbcTemplate对象
    public void test() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = applicationContext.getBean(JdbcTemplate.class);
        int update = jdbcTemplate.update("insert into account values (?, ?)", "zhangsan", 2000);
        System.out.println(update);
    }
}

  再优化

将applicationContext.xml中数据源DataSource中的property抽取出来放到jdbc.properties中

 完整版

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
">

    <!-- 加载jdbc.properties-->
    <context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties"/>

    <!--数据源DataSource-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>
    <!--JdbcTemplate模板对象-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

jdbc.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=123456

6.案例

package com.company.test;

import com.company.domain.Account;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import java.util.List;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
public class JdbcTemplateCRUDTest {
    // 测试谁,就注入谁
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    @Test
    public void testUpdate() {
        jdbcTemplate.update("update account set money=? where name=?", 10000, "tom");
    }
    @Test
    public void testQuery() {
        List<Account> accountList = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from account",
            new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class));
        System.out.println(accountList);
    }
    // 查询单个,如果是一个返回的是一个实体对象,需要new一个BeanPropertyRowMapper进行映射
    @Test
    public void testQueryOne() {
        Account account = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from account where name=?",
            new BeanPropertyRowMapper<Account>(Account.class), "tom");
        System.out.println(account);

    }
    // 聚合查询,查询总数。如果返回的是一个简单的类型,不用再用BeanPropertyRowMapper映射
    @Test
    public void testQueryCount() {
        Long aLong = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select count(*) from account", Long.class);
        System.out.println(aLong);
    }

}

  由于前面已经设置了打印出来的格式,所以对于上面代码acountList和account打印出来的格式,就如下面这样了。

acountList

 acount

 总结:

 

posted @ 2020-12-04 11:42  GumpYan  阅读(122)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报