在了解了这篇文章之后,可以进行该篇文章的说明和测试。MongoDB 副本集(Replica Set)是有自动故障恢复功能的主从集群,有一个Primary节点和一个或多个Secondary节点组成。类似于MySQL的MMM架构。更多关于副本集的介绍请见官网。也可以在google、baidu上查阅。

      副本集中数据同步过程Primary节点写入数据,Secondary通过读取Primary的oplog得到复制信息,开始复制数据并且将复制信息写入到自己的oplog。如果某个操作失败,则备份节点停止从当前数据源复制数据。如果某个备份节点由于某些原因挂掉了,当重新启动后,就会自动从oplog的最后一个操作开始同步,同步完成后,将信息写入自己的oplog,由于复制操作是先复制数据,复制完成后再写入oplog,有可能相同的操作会同步两份,不过MongoDB在设计之初就考虑到这个问题,将oplog的同一个操作执行多次,与执行一次的效果是一样的。简单的说就是:

当Primary节点完成数据操作后,Secondary会做出一系列的动作保证数据的同步:
1:检查自己local库的oplog.rs集合找出最近的时间戳。
2:检查Primary节点local库oplog.rs集合,找出大于此时间戳的记录。
3:将找到的记录插入到自己的oplog.rs集合中,并执行这些操作。

       副本集的同步和主从同步一样,都是异步同步的过程,不同的是副本集有个自动故障转移的功能。其原理是:slave端从primary端获取日志,然后在自己身上完全顺序的执行日志所记录的各种操作(该日志是不记录查询操作的),这个日志就是local数据 库中的oplog.rs表,默认在64位机器上这个表是比较大的,占磁盘大小的5%,oplog.rs的大小可以在启动参数中设 定:--oplogSize 1000,单位是M。

      注意:在副本集的环境中,要是所有的Secondary都宕机了,只剩下Primary。最后Primary会变成Secondary,不能提供服务。

一:环境搭建

1:准备服务器

192.168.200.25

192.168.200.245

192.168.200.252

2:安装

http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujinyi/archive/2013/06/02/3113868.html

3:修改配置,只需要开启:replSet 参数即可。格式为:

192.168.200.252: --replSet = mmm/192.168.200.245:27017  # mmm是副本集的名称,192.168.200.25:27017 为实例的位子。

192.168.200.245: --replSet = mmm/192.168.200.252:27017

192.168.200.25: --replSet = mmm/192.168.200.252:27017,192.168.200.245:27017 

4:启动

启动后会提示:

replSet info you may need to run replSetInitiate -- rs.initiate() in the shell -- if that is not already done

说明需要进行初始化操作,初始化操作只能执行一次。

5:初始化副本集

登入任意一台机器的MongoDB执行:因为是全新的副本集所以可以任意进入一台执行;要是有一台有数据,则需要在有数据上执行;要多台有数据则不能初始化。

复制代码
zhoujy@zhoujy:~$ mongo --host=192.168.200.252
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.6
connecting to: 192.168.200.252:27017/test
> rs.initiate({"_id":"mmm","members":[
... {"_id":1,
... "host":"192.168.200.252:27017",
... "priority":1
... },
... {"_id":2,
... "host":"192.168.200.245:27017",
... "priority":1
... }
... ]})
{
    "info" : "Config now saved locally.  Should come online in about a minute.",
    "ok" : 1
}
######
"_id": 副本集的名称
"members": 副本集的服务器列表
"_id": 服务器的唯一ID
"host": 服务器主机
"priority": 是优先级,默认为1,优先级0为被动节点,不能成为活跃节点。优先级不位0则按照有大到小选出活跃节点。
"arbiterOnly": 仲裁节点,只参与投票,不接收数据,也不能成为活跃节点。
> rs.status() { "set" : "mmm", "date" : ISODate("2014-02-18T04:03:53Z"), "myState" : 1, "members" : [ { "_id" : 1, "name" : "192.168.200.252:27017", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "uptime" : 76, "optime" : Timestamp(1392696191, 1), "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T04:03:11Z"), "self" : true }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "192.168.200.245:27017", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 35, "optime" : Timestamp(1392696191, 1), "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T04:03:11Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T04:03:52Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T04:03:53Z"), "pingMs" : 0, "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.252:27017" } ], "ok" : 1 }
复制代码

6:日志

查看252上的日志:

Tue Feb 18 12:03:29.334 [rsMgr] replSet PRIMARY
…………
…………
Tue Feb 18 12:03:40.341 [rsHealthPoll] replSet member 192.168.200.245:27017 is now in state SECONDARY

至此,整个副本集已经搭建成功了。

上面的的副本集只有2台服务器,还有一台怎么添加?除了在初始化的时候添加,还有什么方法可以后期增删节点?

二:维护操作

1:增删节点。

把25服务加入到副本集中:

rs.add("192.168.200.25:27017")

复制代码
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.add("192.168.200.25:27017")
{ "ok" : 1 }
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
    "set" : "mmm",
    "date" : ISODate("2014-02-18T04:53:00Z"),
    "myState" : 1,
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "name" : "192.168.200.252:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 1,
            "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
            "uptime" : 3023,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392699177, 1),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T04:52:57Z"),
            "self" : true
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "name" : "192.168.200.245:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 2982,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392699177, 1),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T04:52:57Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T04:52:59Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T04:53:00Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 3,
            "name" : "192.168.200.25:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 6,
            "stateStr" : "UNKNOWN",             #等一会就变成了 SECONDARY 
            "uptime" : 3,
            "optime" : Timestamp(0, 0),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T04:52:59Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "still initializing"
        }
    ],
    "ok" : 1
}
复制代码

把25服务从副本集中删除:

rs.remove("192.168.200.25:27017")

复制代码
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.remove("192.168.200.25:27017")
Tue Feb 18 13:01:09.298 DBClientCursor::init call() failed
Tue Feb 18 13:01:09.299 Error: error doing query: failed at src/mongo/shell/query.js:78
Tue Feb 18 13:01:09.300 trying reconnect to 192.168.200.252:27017
Tue Feb 18 13:01:09.301 reconnect 192.168.200.252:27017 ok
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
    "set" : "mmm",
    "date" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:01:19Z"),
    "myState" : 1,
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "name" : "192.168.200.252:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 1,
            "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
            "uptime" : 3522,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392699669, 1),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:01:09Z"),
            "self" : true
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "name" : "192.168.200.245:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 10,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392699669, 1),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:01:09Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:01:19Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:01:18Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "syncing to: 192.168.200.252:27017",
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        }
    ],
    "ok" : 1
}
复制代码

192.168.200.25 的节点已经被移除。

2:查看复制的情况

 db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()

复制代码
mmm:PRIMARY> db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
source:   192.168.200.245:27017
     syncedTo: Tue Feb 18 2014 13:02:35 GMT+0800 (CST)
         = 145 secs ago (0.04hrs)
source:   192.168.200.25:27017
     syncedTo: Tue Feb 18 2014 13:02:35 GMT+0800 (CST)
         = 145 secs ago (0.04hrs)
复制代码

source:从库的ip和端口。

syncedTo:目前的同步情况,以及最后一次同步的时间。

从上面可以看出,在数据库内容不变的情况下他是不同步的,数据库变动就会马上同步。

3:查看副本集的状态

rs.status()

复制代码
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
    "set" : "mmm",
    "date" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:12:28Z"),
    "myState" : 1,
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "name" : "192.168.200.252:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 1,
            "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
            "uptime" : 4191,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392699755, 1),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:02:35Z"),
            "self" : true
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "name" : "192.168.200.245:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 679,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392699755, 1),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:02:35Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:12:27Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:12:27Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 3,
            "name" : "192.168.200.25:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 593,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392699755, 1),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:02:35Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:12:28Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:12:28Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        }
    ],
    "ok" : 1
}
复制代码

4:副本集的配置

rs.conf()/rs.config()

复制代码
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.conf()
{
    "_id" : "mmm",
    "version" : 4,
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "host" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "host" : "192.168.200.245:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 3,
            "host" : "192.168.200.25:27017"
        }
    ]
}
复制代码

5:操作Secondary

默认情况下,Secondary是不提供服务的,即不能读和写。会提示:
error: { "$err" : "not master and slaveOk=false", "code" : 13435 }

在特殊情况下需要读的话则需要:
rs.slaveOk() ,只对当前连接有效。

mmm:SECONDARY> db.test.find()
error: { "$err" : "not master and slaveOk=false", "code" : 13435 }
mmm:SECONDARY> rs.slaveOk()
mmm:SECONDARY> db.test.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5302edfa8c9151a5013b978e"), "a" : 1 }

6:更新ing

 

三:测试

1:测试副本集数据复制功能

在Primary(192.168.200.252:27017)上插入数据:

mmm:PRIMARY> for(var i=0;i<10000;i++){db.test.insert({"name":"test"+i,"age":123})}
mmm:PRIMARY> db.test.count()
10001

在Secondary上查看是否已经同步:

mmm:SECONDARY> rs.slaveOk()
mmm:SECONDARY> db.test.count()
10001

数据已经同步。

2:测试副本集故障转移功能

关闭Primary节点,查看其他2个节点的情况:

复制代码
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
    "set" : "mmm",
    "date" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:38:54Z"),
    "myState" : 1,
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "name" : "192.168.200.252:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 1,
            "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
            "uptime" : 5777,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392701576, 2678),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:32:56Z"),
            "self" : true
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "name" : "192.168.200.245:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 2265,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392701576, 2678),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:32:56Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:38:54Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:38:53Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 3,
            "name" : "192.168.200.25:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 2179,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392701576, 2678),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:32:56Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:38:54Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:38:53Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        }
    ],
    "ok" : 1
}

#关闭
mmm:PRIMARY> use admin
switched to db admin
mmm:PRIMARY> db.shutdownServer()

#进入任意一台:
mmm:SECONDARY> rs.status()
{
    "set" : "mmm",
    "date" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:47:41Z"),
    "myState" : 2,
    "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.25:27017",
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "name" : "192.168.200.252:27017",
            "health" : 0,
            "state" : 8,
            "stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)",
            "uptime" : 0,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392701576, 2678),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:32:56Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:47:40Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:45:57Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "name" : "192.168.200.245:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 5888,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392701576, 2678),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:32:56Z"),
            "errmsg" : "syncing to: 192.168.200.25:27017",
            "self" : true
        },
        {
            "_id" : 3,
            "name" : "192.168.200.25:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 1,
            "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
            "uptime" : 2292,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392701576, 2678),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:32:56Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:47:40Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:47:39Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        }
    ],
    "ok" : 1
}
复制代码

看到192.168.200.25:27017 已经从 SECONDARY 变成了 PRIMARY。具体的信息可以通过日志文件得知。继续操作:

在新主上插入:

mmm:PRIMARY> for(var i=0;i<10000;i++){db.test.insert({"name":"test"+i,"age":123})}
mmm:PRIMARY> db.test.count()
20001

重启启动之前关闭的192.168.200.252:27017

复制代码
mmm:SECONDARY> rs.status()
{
    "set" : "mmm",
    "date" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:45:14Z"),
    "myState" : 2,
    "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.245:27017",
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "name" : "192.168.200.252:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 12,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392702168, 8187),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:42:48Z"),
            "errmsg" : "syncing to: 192.168.200.245:27017",
            "self" : true
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "name" : "192.168.200.245:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 11,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392702168, 8187),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:42:48Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:45:13Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:45:12Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.25:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 3,
            "name" : "192.168.200.25:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 1,
            "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
            "uptime" : 9,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392702168, 8187),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:42:48Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:45:13Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T05:45:13Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0
        }
    ],
    "ok" : 1
}
复制代码

启动之前的主,发现其变成了SECONDARY,在新主插入的数据,是否已经同步:

mmm:SECONDARY> db.test.count()
Tue Feb 18 13:47:03.634 count failed: { "note" : "from execCommand", "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "not master" } at src/mongo/shell/query.js:180
mmm:SECONDARY> rs.slaveOk()
mmm:SECONDARY> db.test.count()
20001

已经同步。

注意

所有的Secondary都宕机、或则副本集中只剩下一个节点,则该节点只能为Secondary节点,也就意味着整个集群智能进行读操作而不能进行写操作,当其他的恢复时,之前的primary节点仍然是primary节点。

当某个节点宕机后重新启动该节点会有一段的时间(时间长短视集群的数据量和宕机时间而定)导致整个集群中所有节点都成为secondary而无法进行写操作(如果应用程序没有设置相应的ReadReference也可能不能进行读取操作)。

官方推荐的最小的副本集也应该具备一个primary节点和两个secondary节点。两个节点的副本集不具备真正的故障转移能力。

四:应用

1:手动切换Primary节点到自己给定的节点
上面已经提到过了优先集priority,因为默认的都是1,所以只需要把给定的服务器的priority加到最大即可。让245 成为主节点,操作如下:

复制代码
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.conf() #查看配置
{
    "_id" : "mmm",
    "version" : 6,  #每改变一次集群的配置,副本集的version都会加1。
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "host" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "host" : "192.168.200.245:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 3,
            "host" : "192.168.200.25:27017"
        }
    ]
}
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.status() #查看状态
{
    "set" : "mmm",
    "date" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:25:51Z"),
    "myState" : 1,
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "name" : "192.168.200.252:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 47,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392708304, 1),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:25:04Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:25:50Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:25:50Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "syncing to: 192.168.200.25:27017",
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.25:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "name" : "192.168.200.245:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 47,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392708304, 1),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:25:04Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:25:50Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:25:51Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "syncing to: 192.168.200.25:27017",
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.25:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 3,
            "name" : "192.168.200.25:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 1,
            "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
            "uptime" : 13019,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392708304, 1),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:25:04Z"),
            "self" : true
        }
    ],
    "ok" : 1
}
mmm:PRIMARY> cfg=rs.conf() # { "_id" : "mmm", "version" : 4, "members" : [ { "_id" : 1, "host" : "192.168.200.252:27017" }, { "_id" : 2, "host" : "192.168.200.245:27017" }, { "_id" : 3, "host" : "192.168.200.25:27017" } ] } mmm:PRIMARY> cfg.members[1].priority=2 #修改priority 2 mmm:PRIMARY> rs.reconfig(cfg) #重新加载配置文件,强制了副本集进行一次选举,优先级高的成为Primary。在这之间整个集群的所有节点都是secondary mmm:SECONDARY> rs.status() { "set" : "mmm", "date" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:27:38Z"), "myState" : 2, "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.245:27017", "members" : [ { "_id" : 1, "name" : "192.168.200.252:27017", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 71, "optime" : Timestamp(1392708387, 1), "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:26:27Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:27:37Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:27:38Z"), "pingMs" : 0, "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "syncing to: 192.168.200.245:27017", "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.245:27017" }, { "_id" : 2, "name" : "192.168.200.245:27017", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "uptime" : 71, "optime" : Timestamp(1392708387, 1), "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:26:27Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:27:37Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:27:38Z"), "pingMs" : 0, "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.25:27017" }, { "_id" : 3, "name" : "192.168.200.25:27017", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 13126, "optime" : Timestamp(1392708387, 1), "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T07:26:27Z"), "errmsg" : "syncing to: 192.168.200.245:27017", "self" : true } ], "ok" : 1 }
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这样,给定的245服务器就成为了主节点。

2:添加仲裁节点

把25节点删除,重启。再添加让其为仲裁节点:

rs.addArb("192.168.200.25:27017")
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mmm:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
    "set" : "mmm",
    "date" : ISODate("2014-02-18T08:14:36Z"),
    "myState" : 1,
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "name" : "192.168.200.252:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 795,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392711068, 100),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T08:11:08Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T08:14:35Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T08:14:35Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.245:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "name" : "192.168.200.245:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 1,
            "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
            "uptime" : 14703,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392711068, 100),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-18T08:11:08Z"),
            "self" : true
        },
        {
            "_id" : 3,
            "name" : "192.168.200.25:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 7,
            "stateStr" : "ARBITER",
            "uptime" : 26,
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-18T08:14:34Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-18T08:14:34Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        }
    ],
    "ok" : 1
}
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.conf()
{
    "_id" : "mmm",
    "version" : 9,
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "host" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "host" : "192.168.200.245:27017",
            "priority" : 2
        },
        {
            "_id" : 3,
            "host" : "192.168.200.25:27017",
            "arbiterOnly" : true
        }
    ]
}
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上面说明已经让25服务器成为仲裁节点。副本集要求参与选举投票(vote)的节点数为奇数,当我们实际环境中因为机器等原因限制只有两个(或偶数)的节点,这时为了实现 Automatic Failover引入另一类节点:仲裁者(arbiter),仲裁者只参与投票不拥有实际的数据,并且不提供任何服务,因此它对物理资源要求不严格。

通过实际测试发现,当整个副本集集群中达到50%的节点(包括仲裁节点)不可用的时候,剩下的节点只能成为secondary节点,整个集群只能读不能 写。比如集群中有1个primary节点,2个secondary节点,加1个arbit节点时:当两个secondary节点挂掉了,那么剩下的原来的 primary节点也只能降级为secondary节点;当集群中有1个primary节点,1个secondary节点和1个arbit节点,这时即使 primary节点挂了,剩下的secondary节点也会自动成为primary节点。因为仲裁节点不复制数据,因此利用仲裁节点可以实现最少的机器开 销达到两个节点热备的效果。

3:添加备份节点

hidden(成员用于支持专用功能):这样设置后此机器在读写中都不可见,并且不会被选举为Primary,但是可以投票,一般用于备份数据。

把25节点删除,重启。再添加让其为hidden节点:

复制代码
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.add({"_id":3,"host":"192.168.200.25:27017","priority":0,"hidden":true})
{ "down" : [ "192.168.200.25:27017" ], "ok" : 1 }
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.conf()
{
    "_id" : "mmm",
    "version" : 17,
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "host" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "host" : "192.168.200.245:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 3,
            "host" : "192.168.200.25:27017",
            "priority" : 0,
            "hidden" : true
        }
    ]
}
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测试其能否参与投票:关闭当前的Primary,查看是否自动转移Primary

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关闭Primary(252):
mmm:PRIMARY> use admin
switched to db admin
mmm:PRIMARY> db.shutdownServer()

连另一个链接察看:
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
    "set" : "mmm",
    "date" : ISODate("2014-02-19T09:11:45Z"),
    "myState" : 1,
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "name" : "192.168.200.252:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 1,
            "stateStr" :"(not reachable/healthy)",
            "uptime" : 4817,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392801006, 1),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-19T09:10:06Z"),
            "self" : true
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "name" : "192.168.200.245:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
            "uptime" : 401,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392801006, 1),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-19T09:10:06Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-19T09:11:44Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-19T09:11:43Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 3,
            "name" : "192.168.200.25:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 99,
            "optime" : Timestamp(1392801006, 1),
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2014-02-19T09:10:06Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2014-02-19T09:11:44Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2014-02-19T09:11:43Z"),
            "pingMs" : 0,
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        }
    ],
    "ok" : 1
}
上面说明Primary已经转移,说明hidden具有投票的权利,继续查看是否有数据复制的功能。
#####
mmm:PRIMARY> db.test.count()
20210
mmm:PRIMARY> for(var i=0;i<90;i++){db.test.insert({"name":"test"+i,"age":123})}
mmm:PRIMARY> db.test.count()
20300

Secondady:
mmm:SECONDARY> db.test.count()
Wed Feb 19 17:18:19.469 count failed: { "note" : "from execCommand", "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "not master" } at src/mongo/shell/query.js:180
mmm:SECONDARY> rs.slaveOk()
mmm:SECONDARY> db.test.count()
20300
上面说明hidden具有数据复制的功能
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后面大家可以在上面进行备份了,后一篇会介绍如何备份、还原以及一些日常维护需要的操作。

4:添加延迟节点

Delayed(成员用于支持专用功能):可以指定一个时间延迟从primary节点同步数据。主要用于处理误删除数据马上同步到从节点导致的不一致问题。

把25节点删除,重启。再添加让其为Delayed节点:

复制代码
mmm:PRIMARY> rs.add({"_id":3,"host":"192.168.200.25:27017","priority":0,"hidden":true,"slaveDelay":60})  #语法
{ "down" : [ "192.168.200.25:27017" ], "ok" : 1 }

mmm:PRIMARY> rs.conf()
{
    "_id" : "mmm",
    "version" : 19,
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "host" : "192.168.200.252:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "host" : "192.168.200.245:27017"
        },
        {
            "_id" : 3,
            "host" : "192.168.200.25:27017",
            "priority" : 0,
            "slaveDelay" : 60,   
            "hidden" : true
        }
    ]
}
复制代码

测试:操作Primary,看数据是否60s后同步到delayed节点。

复制代码
mmm:PRIMARY> db.test.count()
20300
mmm:PRIMARY> for(var i=0;i<200;i++){db.test.insert({"name":"test"+i,"age":123})}
mmm:PRIMARY> db.test.count()
20500

Delayed:
mmm:SECONDARY> db.test.count()
20300
#60秒之后
mmm:SECONDARY> db.test.count()
20500
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上面说明delayed能够成功的把同步操作延迟60秒执行。除了上面的成员之外,还有:    

Secondary-Only:不能成为primary节点,只能作为secondary副本节点,防止一些性能不高的节点成为主节点。

Non-Voting:没有选举权的secondary节点,纯粹的备份数据节点。

具体成员信息如下:

 

成为primary

对客户端可见

参与投票

延迟同步

复制数据

Default

Secondary-Only

Hidden

Delayed

Arbiters

Non-Voting

5:读写分离

MongoDB副本集对读写分离的支持是通过Read Preferences特性进行支持的,这个特性非常复杂和灵活。

应用程序驱动通过read reference来设定如何对副本集进行读取操作,默认的,客户端驱动所有的读操作都是直接访问primary节点的,从而保证了数据的严格一致性。

支持五种的read preference模式官网说明

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primary
主节点,默认模式,读操作只在主节点,如果主节点不可用,报错或者抛出异常。
primaryPreferred
首选主节点,大多情况下读操作在主节点,如果主节点不可用,如故障转移,读操作在从节点。
secondary
从节点,读操作只在从节点, 如果从节点不可用,报错或者抛出异常。
secondaryPreferred
首选从节点,大多情况下读操作在从节点,特殊情况(如单主节点架构)读操作在主节点。
nearest
最邻近节点,读操作在最邻近的成员,可能是主节点或者从节点,关于最邻近的成员请参考
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注意:2.2版本之前的MongoDB对Read Preference支持的还不完全,如果客户端驱动采用primaryPreferred实际上读取操作都会被路由到secondary节点。

因为读写分离是通过修改程序的driver的,故这里就不做说明,具体的可以参考这篇文章或则可以在google上查阅

java驱动:

参见:http://www.lanceyan.com/tech/mongodb/mongodb_cluster_1.html

   http://www.cnblogs.com/zhoujinyi/p/3554010.html

posted on 2017-10-13 15:10  蜡笔小新萌萌哒  阅读(368)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报