网络配置文件位置
文件类型 |
文件位置 |
文件作用 |
网卡文件 |
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* |
修改IP地址、DNS、网关、获取方式等设置 |
主机名 |
/etc/hostname |
永久修改主机名,只有第一行有效 |
DNS文件 |
/etc/resolv.conf |
记录了DNS服务地址 |
路由 |
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-ens33 |
永久记录了路由 |
网络配置设置命令
ifconfig
命令 |
作用 |
ifconfig |
查看所有打开的网卡信息 |
ifconfig -a |
查看所有网卡信息(包括关闭的) |
ifconfig 网卡名 |
查看单独的网卡信息 |
ifconfig 网卡名 up |
开启网卡 |
ifconfig 网卡名 down |
关闭网卡 |
ifconfig 网卡名:0 ip/子网 |
临时配置网卡 |
ifconfig 网卡名 ip/子网 |
临时给网卡配置 |
ifconfig 网卡名 0 |
取消网卡配置 |
永久配置网卡
#配置网卡文件
[root@7_1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
#配置获取方式 静态:static none 动态:DHCP
BOOTPROTO=static
#注释名字(不造成影响)
NAME=eth0
#网卡命名要与文件名相对应
DEVICE=eth0
#是否打开配置
ONBOOT=yes
#手动配置的IP
IPADDR=172.16.87.10
#手动配置子网掩码
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
#手动配置的网关
GATEWAY=172.16.87.2
#手动配置的DNS至少有一个用于连接外网
DNS1=218.2.135.1
DNS2=114.114.114.114
DNS3=8.8.8.8
[root@7_1 ~]# vim /etc/default/grub ----第六行最后添加net.ifnames=0
1 GRUB_TIMEOUT=5
2 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' /etc/system-release)"
3 GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
4 GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true
5 GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT="console"
6 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=centos/root rd.lvm.lv=centos/swap rhgb quiet net.ifnames=0"
7 GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true"
[root@7_1 ~]# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg ----重新生成 grub的配置文件
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64.img
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-0-rescue-b36091ce8917443388c79301e650887c
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-0-rescue-b36091ce8917443388c79301e650887c.img
done
#重启后生效
[root@7_1 ~]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.16.87.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.16.87.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe18:fc02 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:18:fc:02 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 309 bytes 42299 (41.3 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 139 bytes 15759 (15.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:11:c2:c6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
IP
查看本机网络配置
[root@7_1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:18:fc:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.87.10/24 brd 172.16.87.255 scope global ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::d93d:12d9:c437:3ee1/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:11:c2:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:11:c2:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
查看网卡启用情况
[root@7_1 ~]# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:18:fc:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:11:c2:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:11:c2:c6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
route
临时配置
命令 |
作用 |
route -n |
显示路由配置,-n以数字形式显示,可以查看网关信息 |
route add -net 网段/子网掩码 gw 网关 |
添加静态路由 |
route del -net 网段/子网掩码 |
删除静态路由 |
#查看路由配置
[root@7_1 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 172.16.87.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
172.16.87.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
#添加静态路由
[root@7_1 ~]# route add -net 10.0.0.0/8 gw 172.16.87.2
[root@7_1 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 172.16.87.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 172.16.87.2 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
172.16.87.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
#删除路由
[root@7_1 ~]# route del -net 10.0.0.0/8
[root@7_1 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 172.16.87.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0
172.16.87.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 eth0
192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
#永久添加路由
[root@7_1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/route-ens33
10.0.0.0/24 via 172.16.87.2
[root@7_1 ~]# systemctl restart network
hostname
命令 |
作用 |
hostname |
查看主机名 |
hostname 主机名 |
临时修改主机名 |
vim /etc/hostname |
永久修改主机名,只有第一行生效 |
hostnamectl srt-hostname 名字 |
永久修改主机名 |
查看网络连接情况
netstat (慢)
-a:显示主机中所有活动的网络连接信息(包括监听、非监听状态的服务端口)
-n:以数字的形式显示相关的主机地址、端口等信息
-r:显示路由表信息
-l:显示处于监听(Listening)状态的网络连接及端口信息
-t:查看 TCP(Transmission Control Protocol,传输控制协议)相关的信息
-u:显示 UDP(User Datagram Protocol,用户数据报协议)协议相关的信息
-p:显示与网络连接相关联的进程号、进程名称信息(该选项需要 root 权限)
[root@7_1 ~]# netstat -natp | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 742/ngin: master p
[root@7_3 ~]# netstat -naup |grep dhcpd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 7744/dhcpd
ss( socket statistics)(快)
ss命令是Linux CentOS 7中iproute软件包的一部分,默认已经安装。
#选项:
-t: tcp协议相关 只显示 tcp协议
-u: udp协议相关 只显示 udp
-w: 裸套接字相关
-x:unix sock相关
-l: listen状态的连接
-a: 所有状态
-n: 数字格式
-p: 相关的程序及PID
-e: 扩展的信息
-m:内存用量
-o:计时器信息
-r: --resolve 把 IP 解释为域名,把端口号解释为协议名称。 dns 服务
#TCP常用命令(-natp)
[root@7_1 ~]# ss -natp | grep nginx
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* users:((nginx",pid=745,fd=6),("nginx",pid=742,fd=6))
#DUP常用命令(-naup)
[root@7_3 ~]# ss -naup |grep dhcpd
UNCONN 0 0 *:67 *:* users:((dhcpd",pid=7744,fd=7))