MySQL/mariadb知识点——触发器

触发器

触发器:trigger,是指事先为某张表绑定一段代码,当表中的某些内容发生改变(增、删、改)的时候,系统会自动触发代码并执行。

触发器包含三个要素,分别为

  1. 事件类型:增删改,即insertdeleteupdate
  2. 触发时间:事件类型前和后,即beforeafter
  3. 触发对象:表中的每一条记录(行),即整张表

每张表只能拥有一种触发时间的一种事件类型的触发器,即每张表最多可以拥有 6 种触发器;即:BEFORE INSERT、BEFORE UPDATE、BEFORE DELETE、AFTER INSERT、AFTER UPDATE、AFTER DELETE。

创建触发器

创建触发器语法如下

mysql CREATE [DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }] TRIGGER trigger_name trigger_time trigger_event ON tbl_name FOR EACH ROW trigger_body

其中:

trigger_name:标识触发器名称,用户自行指定;
trigger_time:标识触发时机,取值为 BEFORE 或 AFTER;
trigger_event:标识触发事件,取值为 INSERT、UPDATE 或 DELETE;
tbl_name:标识建立触发器的表名,即在哪张表上建立触发器;
trigger_stmt:触发器程序体,可以是一句SQL语句,或者用 BEGIN 和 END 包含的多条语

查看触发器

和查看数据库(show databases;)查看表格(show tables;)一样,查看触发器的语法如下:

SHOW TRIGGERS;

删除触发器

和删除数据库、删除表格一样,删除触发器的语法如下:

DROP TRIGGER trigger_name;

示例

创建触发器,在向学生表INSERT数据时,学生数增加,删除学生信息时,学生数减少。

MariaDB [testdb]> CREATE TABLE students_info (id TINYINT(2) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,name VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,PRIMARY KEY(id));  #创建一张学生信息表
MariaDB [testdb]> CREATE TABLE students_count (stu_count TINYINT(2) DEFAULT 0);  #创建一张学生数量表
MariaDB [testdb]> INSERT INTO students_count VALUES(0);  #给个初识值0

MariaDB [testdb]> CREATE TRIGGER trigger_students_count_insert
    -> AFTER INSERT
    -> ON students_info FOR EACH ROW
    -> UPDATE students_count SET stu_count=stu_count+1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [testdb]> CREATE TRIGGER trigger_students_count_delete
    -> AFTER DELETE
    -> ON students_info FOR EACH ROW
    -> UPDATE students_count SET stu_count=stu_count-1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

  

MariaDB [testdb]> INSERT students_info(id,name) VALUES (1,'Tom'),(2,'Maria');
MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students_info;
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
|  1 | Tom   |
|  2 | Maria |
+----+-------+
MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students_count;  #插入记录,触发事件,数量增加为2
+-----------+
| stu_count |
+-----------+
|         2 |
+-----------+
MariaDB [testdb]> DELETE FROM students_info WHERE id=1;
MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students_info;
+----+-------+
| id | name  |
+----+-------+
|  2 | Maria |
+----+-------+
MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT * FROM students_count;  #删除记录,数量减1
+-----------+
| stu_count |
+-----------+
|         1 |
+-----------+

  

posted @ 2018-06-21 10:13  Gmiao  阅读(392)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报