0.1.kubeadm快速部署kubernetes

kubeadmin安装Kubernetes

kubeadm是官方社区推出的一个用于快速部署kubernetes集群的工具;使用staticPod(容器)运行的管理组件,镜像使用gcr.io域名仓库里的。

这个工具能通过两条指令完成一个kubernetes集群的部署:

# 创建一个 Master 节点
kubeadm init

# 将一个 Node 节点加入到当前集群中
kubeadm join <Master节点的IP和端口 >

1. 安装需求

在开始之前,部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件:

  • 一台或多台机器,操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
  • 硬件配置:2GB或更多RAM,2个CPU或更多CPU,硬盘30GB或更多
  • 集群中所有机器之间网络互通
  • 可以访问外网,需要拉取镜像
  • 禁止swap分区
IP Hostname 内核 CPU&Memory 系统版本 备注
192.168.121.81 k8s-master01 4.4.206-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 4C&8M 7.6.1810 master
192.168.121.84 k8s-node01 4.4.206-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 4C&8M 7.6.1810 node
192.168.121.85 k8s-node02 4.4.206-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64 4C&8M 7.6.1810 node

2. 准备环境

关闭防火墙:
# systemctl stop firewalld
# systemctl disable firewalld

关闭selinux:
# sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config 
# setenforce 0

关闭swap:
# swapoff -a  # 临时
# vim /etc/fstab  # 永久

添加主机名与IP对应关系):
# cat /etc/hosts
192.168.121.81 k8s-master
192.168.121.83 k8s-node1
192.168.121.84 k8s-node2

设置主机名:
# hostnamectl set-hostname  k8s-master

将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链:
# cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
# sysctl --system

3. 所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

Kubernetes默认CRI(容器运行时)为Docker,因此先安装Docker。

3.1 安装Docker

每台机器上安装Docker,建议使用18.09版本。

# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
# yum -y install docker-ce-18.09.9-3.el7

设置cgroup驱动,推荐systemd:

# mkdir -p /etc/docker
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn","http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io"],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {"max-size": "100m"},
"storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
# systemctl enable docker
# systemctl start docker

镜像下载加速:

curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io

查看docker镜像

]# docker --version
Docker version 18.09.9, build 039a7df9ba

3.2 添加阿里云YUM软件源

# cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

3.3 安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl

由于版本更新频繁,这里指定版本号部署:

# yum install -y kubelet-1.16.4 kubeadm-1.16.4 kubectl-1.16.4
# systemctl enable kubelet

4. 部署Kubernetes Master

在192.168.121.81(Master)执行。

# kubeadm init \
  --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.121.81 \
  --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
  --kubernetes-version v1.16.4 \
  --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 \
  --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

初始化成功

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.121.81:6443 --token jm4n7o.y0sggj3wr84xun46 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2db19d5005a1aca7b5a3e28b042686d4a48508b5578c412a90c281a17ec40cc0

由于默认拉取镜像地址k8s.gcr.io国内无法访问,这里指定阿里云镜像仓库地址。

使用kubectl工具

mkdir -p #HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf #HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown #(id -u):#(id -g) #HOME/.kube/config
#未部署网络插件;STATUS为NotReady
# kubectl get nodes
NAME           STATUS     ROLES    AGE     VERSION
k8s-master01   NotReady   master   2m19s   v1.16.4

5. 安装Pod网络插件(CNI)

# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
coredns-58cc8c89f4-t2znf               1/1     Running   0          6m1s
etcd-k8s-master01                      1/1     Running   0          5m9s
kube-apiserver-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   0          5m17s
kube-controller-manager-k8s-master01   1/1     Running   0          5m10s
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-sx2s4            1/1     Running   0          30s
kube-proxy-7jkq9                       1/1     Running   0          6m1s
kube-scheduler-k8s-master01            1/1     Running   0          5m

确保能够访问到quay.io这个registery。

6. 加入Kubernetes Node

在192.168.121.84/85(Node)执行。

向集群添加新节点,执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令:

# kubeadm join 192.168.121.81:6443 --token jm4n7o.y0sggj3wr84xun46 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2db19d5005a1aca7b5a3e28b042686d4a48508b5578c412a90c281a17ec40cc0

默认token有效期为24小时,当过期之后,该token就不可用了。这时就需要重新创建token,操作如下:

# kubeadm token create
# kubeadm token list
# openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'
0b638f15e347a66a950c5a3f758e11b3f218dd0d4c2548c81d67c7933037a9fc

# kubeadm join 192.168.121.81:6443 --discovery-token vy90bp.rw79ncl4ir0pw3cb --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0b638f15e347a66a950c5a3f758e11b3f218dd0d4c2548c81d67c7933037a9fc

https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join/

7. 测试kubernetes集群

在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod,验证是否正常运行:

# kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
# kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
# kubectl get pod,svc

访问地址:http://NodeIP:Port

8. 部署 Dashboard

# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
# sed -i '/targetPort: 8443/a\ \ \ \ \ \ nodePort: 30001\n\ \ type: NodePort' recommended.yaml
# kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard

访问地址:http://NodeIP:30001

创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色:

# kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kubernetes-dashboard
# kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kubernetes-dashboard:dashboard-admin
# kubectl describe secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')

浏览器输入地址:http://NodeIP:30001
https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1363565/202005/1363565-20200518114447426-155992090.png

https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1363565/202005/1363565-20200518114509788-1179520934.png https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1363565/202005/1363565-20200518114516174-36806865.png https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1363565/202005/1363565-20200518114523885-258194300.png

使用输出的token登录Dashboard。
https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1363565/202005/1363565-20200518114533527-944782068.png

posted @ 2020-05-17 23:07  Gmiao  阅读(243)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报