使用dynamic特性处理XML文档
处理XML文档是我们经常需要进行的一项工作,尤其是在进行网络服务相关编程时,比如更新RSS等。在.NET 3.5中引入了Linq To XML,使得XML文档的读写已经大大简化,而.NET 4.0中最新的dynamic特性,则将简化发挥到了极致。以处理白云黄鹤的“十大”为例,数据源地址为http://www.byhh.net/posttop10.xml,其当前内容为(为使结果显示清晰,去掉了其中的链接地址字段):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312" ?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="/style/blue/xsl/posttop.xsl"?> <toppost> <post> <board>WorldSoccer</board> <title>大家支持哪队? </title> </post> <post> <board>HUSTStudent</board> <title>地震了??? </title> </post> <post> <board>Picture</board> <title>想当二奶的有门路了! </title> </post> <post> <board>Picture</board> <title>轻拍。。。不要太挑剔了 </title> </post> <post> <board>Humor</board> <title>【原创】几个小humor </title> </post> <post> <board>HUSTStudent</board> <title>院士增选的一个疑问 </title> </post> <post> <board>WorldSoccer</board> <title>卧槽,1:55才开始抽?? </title> </post> <post> <board>WorldSoccer</board> <title>主持MM好靓 </title> </post> <post> <board>TrainFan</board> <title>1000 </title> </post> <post> <board>Movies</board> <title>还是推荐熊猫大侠,早上才十块钱. </title> </post> </toppost>
好,我们先不管它的链接,仅仅获取其中的版面名(board)和标题(title)。那么使用Linq To XML,处理方法如下:
var doc = XDocument.Load ("http://www.byhh.net/posttop10.xml"); foreach (var post in doc.Element ("toppost").Elements ("post")) { Console.WriteLine ("版面:" + post.Element ("board").Value); Console.WriteLine ("标题:" + post.Element ("title").Value.Trim ()); }
输出结果:
版面:HUSTStudent
标题:地震了???
版面:WorldSoccer
标题:大家支持哪队?
版面:Humor
标题:【原创】几个小humor
版面:WorldSoccer
标题:2010年世界杯抽签结果
版面:HUSTStudent
标题:当武大陷入教授门、贪污门时。华中科大又多了两?
版面:Bicycle
标题:雅京行纪录片-1-雅典
版面:Picture
标题:想当二奶的有门路了!
版面:Picture
标题:轻拍。。。不要太挑剔了
版面:Humor
标题:【原创】关于找工作
版面:TrainFan
标题:1000
ress any key to continue . . .
那在.NET 4.0 中,又是怎样的呢,先看我最后的代码:
XDocument doc = XDocument.Load ("http://www.byhh.net/posttop10.xml"); dynamic posts = doc.Element ("toppost").AsDynamic (); foreach (var post in posts.post) { Console.WriteLine ("版面:" + post.board); Console.WriteLine ("标题:" + post.title.Trim ()); }
此时,我们已经完全去掉了啰嗦的Element和Elements方法以及Value属性的调用,查询post节点中的board节点、title节点,就只需要post.board和post.title即可,多么方便!而这一切的秘密,就在于dynamic关键字和那个AsDynamic方法。不过,不要以为你新建一个VS2010粘贴以上代码就能运行,“简单是以复杂为支撑的”,之所以能这么写,是因为我实现了两个帮助类XmlNode和XmlNodeList(不是System.Xml命名空间中的那个)来提供dynamic特性的支持,另外还实现了一个静态类来提供XElement上的扩展方法。具体代码如下。
class XmlNode : DynamicObject { private XElement _element; public XmlNode (string name) : this (new XElement (name)) { } public XmlNode (XElement element) { _element = element; } public override bool TryInvokeMember (InvokeMemberBinder binder,
object[] args, out object result) { string name = binder.Name; if (String.CompareOrdinal (name, "SelectAll") == 0) { IEnumerable<XElement> selectedElements = null; if (args.Length == 0) { selectedElements = _element.Descendants (); } else { selectedElements = _element.Descendants (args[0].ToString ()); } result = new XmlNodeList (selectedElements); return true; } else if (String.CompareOrdinal (name, "SelectChildren") == 0) { IEnumerable<XElement> selectedElements = null; if (args.Length == 0) { selectedElements = _element.Elements (); } else { selectedElements = _element.Elements (args[0].ToString ()); } result = new XmlNodeList (selectedElements); return true; } return base.TryInvokeMember (binder, args, out result); } public override bool TryGetMember (GetMemberBinder binder, out object result) { string name = binder.Name; if (String.CompareOrdinal (name, "Name") == 0) { result = _element.Name.LocalName; return true; } else if (String.CompareOrdinal (name, "Parent") == 0) { XElement parent = _element.Parent; if (parent != null) { result = new XmlNode (parent); return true; } result = null; return true; } else if (String.CompareOrdinal (name, "Value") == 0) { result = _element.Value; return true; } else if (String.CompareOrdinal (name, "Nodes") == 0) { result = new XmlNodeList (_element.Elements ()); return true; } else if (String.CompareOrdinal (name, "Xml") == 0) { StringWriter sw = new StringWriter (); _element.Save (sw, SaveOptions.None); result = sw.ToString (); return true; } else { XAttribute attribute = _element.Attribute (name); if (attribute != null) { result = attribute.Value; return true; } var childNodes = _element.Elements (name).ToArray (); if (childNodes.Length == 1) { if (!childNodes[0].HasElements) { result = childNodes[0].Value; return true; } result = new XmlNode (childNodes[0]); return true; } else if (childNodes.Length > 1) { result = new XmlNodeList (childNodes); return true; } } return base.TryGetMember (binder, out result); } public override bool TrySetMember (SetMemberBinder binder, object value) { string name = binder.Name; if (String.CompareOrdinal (name, "Value") == 0) { _element.Value = (value != null) ? value.ToString () : String.Empty; } return base.TrySetMember (binder, value); } }
下面是XmlNodeList,用于处理子节点列:
class XmlNodeList : DynamicObject, IEnumerable { private List<XElement> _elements; internal XmlNodeList (IEnumerable<XElement> elements) { _elements = new List<XElement> (elements); } public override bool TryConvert (ConvertBinder binder, out object result) { Type targetType = binder.ReturnType; if (targetType == typeof (IEnumerable)) { result = this; return true; } return base.TryConvert (binder, out result); } public override bool TryInvokeMember (InvokeMemberBinder binder,
object[] args, out object result) { if (string.CompareOrdinal (binder.Name, "Item") == 0) { if (args.Length == 1) { XElement element = _elements[Convert.ToInt32 (args[0])]; result = new XmlNode (element); return true; } } return base.TryInvokeMember (binder, args, out result); } public override bool TryGetMember (GetMemberBinder binder, out object result) { if (string.CompareOrdinal (binder.Name, "Length") == 0) { result = _elements.Count; return true; } return base.TryGetMember (binder, out result); } #region Implementation of IEnumerable IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator () { return new NodeEnumerator (_elements.GetEnumerator ()); } #endregion private sealed class NodeEnumerator : IEnumerator { private IEnumerator<XElement> _elementEnumerator; public NodeEnumerator (IEnumerator<XElement> elementEnumerator) { _elementEnumerator = elementEnumerator; } public object Current { get { XElement element = _elementEnumerator.Current; return new XmlNode (element); } } public bool MoveNext () { return _elementEnumerator.MoveNext (); } public void Reset () { _elementEnumerator.Reset (); } } }
可以看到,这两个类都继承自DynamicObject,并覆写了基类的一些方法,正因为如此,它们才能对dynamic上的调用做出特殊相应。需要注意的是,虽然我这里是写了两个类,但它们依然是与我的应用无关的,也就是说,我处理任何XML文档,都可以使用上述方法,千万不要以为我为了处理白云黄鹤的十大而特别写了这两个类。这两个类的代码参考了nikhilk的博客(http://www.nikhilk.net/CSharp-Dynamic-Programming-REST-Services.aspx)的内容,不过他的实现是基于.NET 4.0 CTP的,在beta2上已经无法使用。
最后贴上那个扩展方法AsDynamic()的实现:
static class XmlExtension { public static XmlNode AsDynamic (this XElement source) { return new XmlNode (source); } public static XmlNodeList AsDynamic (this IEnumerable<XElement> source) { return new XmlNodeList (source); } }
posted on 2009-12-06 00:16 Gildor Wang 阅读(468) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报