第十三章 shell常见脚本编写

第十三章 常见shell脚本编写

一、获取随机字符串或数字

1.获取随机8位字符串:

方法1:
# echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8
471b94f2

方法2:
# openssl rand -base64 4
vg3BEg==

方法3:
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8
ed9e032c

2.获取随机8位数字:

方法1:
# echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-8
23648321

方法2:
# openssl rand -base64 4 |cksum |cut -c 1-8
38571131

方法3:
# date +%N |cut -c 1-8
69024815

ps:cksum:打印CRC效验和统计字节

二、定义一个颜色输出字符串函数

方法1:
function echo_color() {
    if [ $1 == "green" ]; then
        echo -e "\033[32;40m$2\033[0m"
    elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then
        echo -e "\033[31;40m$2\033[0m"
    fi
}

方法2:
function echo_color() {
    case $1 in
        green)
            echo -e "\033[32;40m$2\033[0m"
            ;;
        red)
            echo -e "\033[31;40m$2\033[0m"
            ;;
        *) 
            echo "Example: echo_color red string"
    esac
}

使用方法:echo_color green "test"

ps:function关键字定义一个函数,可加或不加。

三、批量创建用户

#!/bin/bash
#批量添加用户 设置密码
for i in `seq 1 10`
do
if ! id user$i &> /dev/null
then
useradd user$i
echo "123456" | passwd --stdin user$i &> /dev/null
else
echo “user$i exist!”
fi
done

ps:命令:echo t{1..10} | xargs -n1 useradd ,可以更快创建新用户 

四、检查软件包是否安装

#!/bin/bash
if rpm -q $! &>/dev/null; then
        echo "$1 is already installed."
    else
        echo "$1 is not installed!"

五、 检查服务状态

#!/bin/bash
#检查服务状态,是否安装
read -p "请输入要检测的服务:" SERVICE
netstat -anp | grep $SERVICE &> /dev/null
if [ $? -eq 0 ]
then
  	echo "$SERVICE服务已经启动!"
else
  	rpm -q $SERVICE &> /dev/null
 
  	if [ $? -eq 0 ]
  	then
		echo "$SERVICE服务已安装,正在启动...."
      	service  $SERVICE  start
  	else
		echo "该服务未安装!"
 	fi
fi

六、检查主机存活状态

方法1:将错误IP放到数组里面判断是否ping失败三次

#!/bin/bash  
IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
    NUM=1
    while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
        if ping -c 1 $IP > /dev/null; then
            echo "$IP Ping is successful."
            break
        else
            # echo "$IP Ping is failure $NUM"
            FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP
            let NUM++
        fi
    done
    if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ];then
        echo "${FAIL_COUNT[1]} Ping is failure!"
        unset FAIL_COUNT[*]
    fi
done

方法2:将错误次数放到FAIL_COUNT变量里面判断是否ping失败三次

#!/bin/bash  
IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
    FAIL_COUNT=0
    for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
        if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
            echo "$IP Ping is successful."
            break
        else
            # echo "$IP Ping is failure $i"
            let FAIL_COUNT++
        fi
    done
    if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
        echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
    fi
done

方法3:利用for循环将ping通就跳出循环继续,如果不跳出就会走到打印ping失败

#!/bin/bash
ping_success_status() {
    if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
        echo "$IP Ping is successful."
        continue
    fi
}
IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
for IP in $IP_LIST; do
    ping_success_status
    ping_success_status
    ping_success_status
    echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
done

七、监控CPU、内存和硬盘利用率

1.CPU

#!/bin/bash
while true
do
  DATE=`date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
  echo "========================\033[41;36m CPU使用率 ($DATE)\033[0m =========================="
  sleep 1
  echo "正在获取.........."
  sleep 1
  echo "正在获取......."
  sleep 1
  echo "正在获取...."
  top -d2 -n5|grep %|awk -F ',' '{print $1,$4}'
  #PID=`ps -ef|grep top|awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'`
  #kill -9 $PID
  echo -e "=====================\033[44;37m 内存使用率 ($DATE)\033[0m============================"
  AVAIL=`free -h|grep Mem |awk -F ' ' '{print $7}'`
  TOTAL=`free -h|grep Mem |awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'`
  echo "avaliable Mem: $AVAIL"
  echo "total Mem: $TOTAL"
  echo "=====================\033[41;36m CPU使用前10进程 ($DATE)\033[0m======================="
  ps auxw|head -1;ps auxw|sort -rn -k 3|head -10
  echo "=====================\033[44;37m 内存使用前10进程 ($DATE)\033[0m======================"
  ps auxw|head -1;ps auxw|sort -rn -k 4|head -10
  sleep 2
done

2.内存

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F '[ :]*' 'NR==2{print $3}')  
MAIL="example@mail.com"
TOTAL=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/{print $2}')
USE=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/{print $3-$6-$7}')
FREE=$(($TOTAL-$USE))
# 内存小于1G发送报警邮件
if [ $FREE -lt 1024 ]; then
    echo "
    Date: $DATE
    Host: $IP
    Problem: Total=$TOTAL,Use=$USE,Free=$FREE
    " | mail -s "Memory Monitor" $MAIL
fi

3.硬盘

#!/bin/bash
DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F '[ :]*' 'NR==2{print $3}')   
MAIL="example@mail.com"
TOTAL=$(fdisk -l |awk -F'[: ]+' 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^Disk \/dev/{printf "%s=%sG,",$2,$3}')
PART_USE=$(df -h |awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^\/dev/{print $1,int($5),$6}')
for i in $PART_USE; do
    PART=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f1)
    USE=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f2)
    MOUNT=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f3)
    if [ $USE -gt 80 ]; then
        echo "
        Date: $DATE
        Host: $IP
        Total: $TOTAL
        Problem: $PART=$USE($MOUNT)
        " | mail -s "Disk Monitor" $MAIL
    fi
done

八、 批量主机磁盘利用率监控

前提监控端和被监控端SSH免交互登录或者密钥登录。

写一个配置文件保存被监控主机SSH连接信息,文件内容格式:IP User Port

#!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=host.info
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do
    USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
    PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
    TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
    ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP 'df -h' > $TMP_FILE
    USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^\/dev/{print $1,int($5)}' $TMP_FILE)
    for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
        PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}
        USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}
        if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then
            echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
        fi
    done
done


九、 检查网站可用性

1.检查URL可用性

方法1:
check_url() {
    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
    if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
        echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
    fi
}
方法2:
check_url() {
if ! wget -T 10 --tries=1 --spider $1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then 
#-T超时时间,--tries尝试1次,--spider爬虫模式
        echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
    fi
}
使用方法:check_url www.baidu.com

2.判断三次URL可用性

思路与上面检查主机存活状态一样。

方法1:利用循环技巧,如果成功就跳出当前循环,否则执行到最后一行
#!/bin/bash  
check_url() {
    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
    if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then
        continue
    fi
}
URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
for URL in $URL_LIST; do
    check_url $URL
    check_url $URL
    check_url $URL
    echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
done

方法2:错误次数保存到变量
#!/bin/bash  
URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
for URL in $URL_LIST; do
    FAIL_COUNT=0
    for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
        HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
        if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
            let FAIL_COUNT++
        else
            break
        fi
    done
    if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
        echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
    fi
done

方法3:错误次数保存到数组
#!/bin/bash  
URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
for URL in $URL_LIST; do
    NUM=1
    while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
        HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
        if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
            FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP  #创建数组,以$NUM下标,$IP元素
            let NUM++
        else
            break
        fi
    done
    if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ]; then
        echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
        unset FAIL_COUNT[*]    #清空数组
    fi
done

十、检查MySQL主从同步状态

#!/bin/bash  
USER=***
PASSWD=*******
IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e 'show slave status\G' |awk -F: '/Slave_.*_Running/{gsub(": ",":");print $0}')  #gsub去除冒号后面的空格
for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do
    THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*}
    THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}
    if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then
        echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!"
    fi
done

posted @ 2022-09-21 10:42  高压锅炖主播  阅读(34)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报