SpringCloud微服务实战——搭建企业级开发框架（三十八）：搭建ELK日志采集与分析系统

  一套好的日志分析系统可以详细记录系统的运行情况，方便我们定位分析系统性能瓶颈、查找定位系统问题。上一篇说明了日志的多种业务场景以及日志记录的实现方式，那么日志记录下来，相关人员就需要对日志数据进行处理与分析，基于E(ElasticSearch)L(Logstash)K(Kibana)组合的日志分析系统可以说是目前各家公司普遍的首选方案。

• Elasticsearch: 分布式、RESTful 风格的搜索和数据分析引擎，可快速存储、搜索、分析海量的数据。在ELK中用于存储所有日志数据。

• Logstash： 开源的数据采集引擎，具有实时管道传输功能。Logstash 能够将来自单独数据源的数据动态集中到一起，对这些数据加以标准化并传输到您所选的地方。在ELK中用于将采集到的日志数据进行处理、转换然后存储到Elasticsearch。

• Kibana： 免费且开放的用户界面，能够让您对 Elasticsearch 数据进行可视化，并让您在 Elastic Stack 中进行导航。您可以进行各种操作，从跟踪查询负载，到理解请求如何流经您的整个应用，都能轻松完成。在ELK中用于通过界面展示存储在Elasticsearch中的日志数据。

  作为微服务集群，必须要考虑当微服务访问量暴增时的高并发场景，此时系统的日志数据同样是爆发式增长，我们需要通过消息队列做流量削峰处理，Logstash官方提供Redis、Kafka、RabbitMQ等输入插件。Redis虽然可以用作消息队列，但其各项功能显示不如单一实现的消息队列，所以通常情况下并不使用它的消息队列功能；Kafka的性能要优于RabbitMQ，通常在日志采集，数据采集时使用较多，所以这里我们采用Kafka实现消息队列功能。
  ELK日志分析系统中，数据传输、数据保存、数据展示、流量削峰功能都有了，还少一个组件，就是日志数据的采集，虽然log4j2可以将日志数据发送到Kafka，甚至可以将日志直接输入到Logstash，但是基于系统设计解耦的考虑，业务系统运行不会影响到日志分析系统，同时日志分析系统也不会影响到业务系统，所以，业务只需将日志记录下来，然后由日志分析系统去采集分析即可，Filebeat是ELK日志系统中常用的日志采集器，它是 Elastic Stack 的一部分，因此能够与 Logstash、Elasticsearch 和 Kibana 无缝协作。

• Kafka： 高吞吐量的分布式发布订阅消息队列，主要应用于大数据的实时处理。

• Filebeat: 轻量型日志采集器。在 Kubernetes、Docker 或云端部署中部署 Filebeat，即可获得所有的日志流：信息十分完整，包括日志流的 pod、容器、节点、VM、主机以及自动关联时用到的其他元数据。此外，Beats Autodiscover 功能可检测到新容器，并使用恰当的 Filebeat 模块对这些容器进行自适应监测。

软件下载：

  因经常遇到在内网搭建环境的问题，所以这里习惯使用下载软件包的方式进行安装，虽没有使用Yum、Docker等安装方便，但是可以对软件目录、配置信息等有更深的了解，在后续采用Yum、Docker等方式安装时，也能清楚安装了哪些东西，安装配置的文件是怎样的，即使出现问题，也可以快速的定位解决。

Elastic Stack全家桶下载主页： https://www.elastic.co/cn/downloads/

我们选择如下版本：

• Elasticsearch8.0.0，下载地址：https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-8.0.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

• Logstash8.0.0，下载地址：https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-8.0.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

• Kibana8.0.0，下载地址：https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-8.0.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

• Filebeat8.0.0，下载地址：https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-8.0.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

Kafka下载：

• Kafka3.1.0，下载地址：https://dlcdn.apache.org/kafka/3.1.0/kafka_2.13-3.1.0.tgz

安装配置：

  安装前先准备好三台CentOS7服务器用于集群安装，这是IP地址为：172.16.20.220、172.16.20.221、172.16.20.222，然后将上面下载的软件包上传至三台服务器的/usr/local目录。因服务器资源有限，这里所有的软件都安装在这三台集群服务器上，在实际生产环境中，请根据业务需求设计规划进行安装。
  在集群搭建时，如果能够编写shell安装脚本就会很方便，如果不能编写，就需要在每台服务器上执行安装命令，多数ssh客户端提供了多会话同时输入的功能，这里一些通用安装命令可以选择启用该功能。

一、安装Elasticsearch集群

1、Elasticsearch是使用Java语言开发的，所以需要在环境上安装jdk并配置环境变量。

• 下载jdk软件包安装，https://www.oracle.com/java/technologies/downloads/#java8

新建/usr/local/java目录

mkdir /usr/local/java

将下载的jdk软件包jdk-8u64-linux-x64.tar.gz上传到/usr/local/java目录，然后解压

tar -zxvf jdk-8u77-linux-x64.tar.gz 

配置环境变量/etc/profile

vi /etc/profile

在底部添加以下内容

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_64
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/ext:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH

使环境变量生效

source /etc/profile

• 另外一种十分快捷的方式，如果不是内网环境，可以直接使用命令行安装，这里安装的是免费版本的openjdk

yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk* -y

2、安装配置Elasticsearch

• 进入/usr/local目录，解压Elasticsearch安装包，请确保执行命令前已将环境准备时的Elasticsearch安装包上传至该目录。

tar -zxvf elasticsearch-8.0.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

• 重命名文件夹

mv elasticsearch-8.0.0 elasticsearch

• elasticsearch不能使用root用户运行，这里创建运行elasticsearch的用户组和用户

# 创建用户组
groupadd elasticsearch
# 创建用户并添加至用户组
useradd elasticsearch -g elasticsearch
# 更改elasticsearch密码，设置一个自己需要的密码，这里设置为和用户名一样：El12345678
passwd elasticsearch 

• 新建elasticsearch数据和日志存放目录，并给elasticsearch用户赋权限

mkdir -p /data/elasticsearch/data
mkdir -p /data/elasticsearch/log
chown -R elasticsearch:elasticsearch /data/elasticsearch/*
chown -R elasticsearch:elasticsearch /usr/local/elasticsearch/*

• elasticsearch默认启用了x-pack，集群通信需要进行安全认证，所以这里需要用到SSL证书。注意：这里生成证书的命令只在一台服务器上执行，执行之后copy到另外两台服务器的相同目录下。

# 提示输入密码时，直接回车
./elasticsearch-certutil ca -out /usr/local/elasticsearch/config/elastic-stack-ca.p12

# 提示输入密码时，直接回车
./elasticsearch-certutil cert --ca /usr/local/elasticsearch/config/elastic-stack-ca.p12 -out /usr/local/elasticsearch/config/elastic-certificates.p12 -pass ""
# 如果使用root用户生成的证书，记得给elasticsearch用户赋权限
chown -R elasticsearch:elasticsearch /usr/local/elasticsearch/config/elastic-certificates.p12

• 设置密码，这里在出现输入密码时，所有的都是输入的123456

./elasticsearch-setup-passwords interactive

Enter password for [elastic]: 
Reenter password for [elastic]: 
Enter password for [apm_system]: 
Reenter password for [apm_system]: 
Enter password for [kibana_system]: 
Reenter password for [kibana_system]: 
Enter password for [logstash_system]: 
Reenter password for [logstash_system]: 
Enter password for [beats_system]: 
Reenter password for [beats_system]: 
Enter password for [remote_monitoring_user]: 
Reenter password for [remote_monitoring_user]: 
Changed password for user [apm_system]
Changed password for user [kibana_system]
Changed password for user [kibana]
Changed password for user [logstash_system]
Changed password for user [beats_system]
Changed password for user [remote_monitoring_user]
Changed password for user [elastic]

• 修改elasticsearch配置文件

vi /usr/local/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml

# 修改配置
# 集群名称
cluster.name: log-elasticsearch
# 节点名称
node.name: node-1
# 数据存放路径
path.data: /data/elasticsearch/data
 # 日志存放路径
path.logs: /data/elasticsearch/log
# 当前节点IP
network.host: 192.168.60.201
 # 对外端口
http.port: 9200
# 集群ip
discovery.seed_hosts: ["172.16.20.220", "172.16.20.221", "172.16.20.222"]
# 初始主节点
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1", "node-2", "node-3"]
# 新增配置
# 集群端口
transport.tcp.port: 9300
transport.tcp.compress: true

http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*" 
http.cors.allow-methods: OPTIONS, HEAD, GET, POST, PUT, DELETE
http.cors.allow-headers: "X-Requested-With, Content-Type, Content-Length, X-User"

xpack.security.enabled: true
xpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled: true
xpack.security.transport.ssl.verification_mode: certificate
xpack.security.transport.ssl.keystore.path: elastic-certificates.p12
xpack.security.transport.ssl.truststore.path: elastic-certificates.p12

• 配置Elasticsearch的JVM参数

vi /usr/local/elasticsearch/config/jvm.options

-Xms1g
-Xmx1g

• 修改Linux默认资源限制数

vi /etc/security/limits.conf 

# 在最后加入，修改完成后，重启系统生效。
*                soft    nofile          131072
*                hard   nofile          131072

vi /etc/sysctl.conf
# 将值vm.max_map_count值修改为655360
vm.max_map_count=655360
# 使配置生效
sysctl -p

• 切换用户启动服务

su elasticsearch
cd /usr/local/elasticsearch/bin
# 控制台启动命令，可以看到具体报错信息
./elasticsearch

• 访问我们的服务器地址和端口,可以看到，服务已启动：
  http://172.16.20.220:9200/
  http://172.16.20.221:9200/
  http://172.16.20.222:9200/
  
• 正常运行没有问题后，Ctrl+c关闭服务，然后使用后台启动命令

./elasticsearch -d

备注：后续可通过此命令停止elasticsearch运行

# 查看进程id
ps -ef | grep elastic
# 关闭进程
kill -9 1376(进程id)

3、安装ElasticSearch界面管理插件elasticsearch-head，只需要在一台服务器上安装即可，这里我们安装到172.16.20.220服务器上

• 配置nodejs环境
  下载地址: (https://nodejs.org/dist/v16.14.0/node-v16.14.0-linux-x64.tar.xz)[https://nodejs.org/dist/v16.14.0/node-v16.14.0-linux-x64.tar.xz]，将node-v16.14.0-linux-x64.tar.xz上传到服务器172.16.20.220的/usr/local目录

# 解压
tar -xvJf node-v16.14.0-linux-x64.tar.xz
# 重命名
mv node-v16.14.0-linux-x64 nodejs
# 配置环境变量
vi /etc/profile
# 新增以下内容
export NODE_HOME=/usr/local/nodejs
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$NODE_HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/subversion/bin:$PATH
export PATH JAVA_HOME NODE_HOME JENKINS_HOME CLASSPATH
# 使配置生效
source /etc/profile
# 测试是否配置成功
node -v

• 配置elasticsearch-head
  项目开源地址：https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head
  zip包下载地址：https://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head/archive/master.zip
  下载后上传至172.16.20.220的/usr/local目录，然后进行解压安装

# 解压
unzip elasticsearch-head-master.zip
# 重命名
mv elasticsearch-head-master elasticsearch-head
# 进入到elasticsearch-head目录
cd elasticsearch-head
#切换软件源，可以提升安装速度
npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org
# 执行安装命令
npm install -g npm@8.5.1
npm install phantomjs-prebuilt@2.1.16 --ignore-scripts
npm install
# 启动命令
npm run start

• 浏览器访问http://172.16.20.220:9100/?auth_user=elastic&auth_password=123456 ，需要加上我们上面设置的用户名密码，就可以看到我们的Elasticsearch集群状态了。

二、安装Kafka集群

• 环境准备：

  新建kafka的日志目录和zookeeper数据目录，因为这两项默认放在tmp目录，而tmp目录中内容会随重启而丢失,所以我们自定义以下目录:

 mkdir /data/zookeeper
 mkdir /data/zookeeper/data
 mkdir /data/zookeeper/logs

 mkdir /data/kafka
 mkdir /data/kafka/data
 mkdir /data/kafka/logs

• zookeeper.properties配置

vi /usr/local/kafka/config/zookeeper.properties

修改如下：

# 修改为自定义的zookeeper数据目录
dataDir=/data/zookeeper/data

# 修改为自定义的zookeeper日志目录
dataLogDir=/data/zookeeper/logs

# 端口
clientPort=2181

# 注释掉
#maxClientCnxns=0

# 设置连接参数，添加如下配置
# 为zk的基本时间单元，毫秒
tickTime=2000
# Leader-Follower初始通信时限 tickTime*10
initLimit=10
# Leader-Follower同步通信时限 tickTime*5
syncLimit=5

# 设置broker Id的服务地址，本机ip一定要用0.0.0.0代替
server.1=0.0.0.0:2888:3888
server.2=172.16.20.221:2888:3888
server.3=172.16.20.222:2888:3888

• 在各台服务器的zookeeper数据目录/data/zookeeper/data添加myid文件，写入服务broker.id属性值

在data文件夹中新建myid文件，myid文件的内容为1（一句话创建：echo 1 > myid）

cd /data/zookeeper/data

vi myid

#添加内容：1 其他两台主机分别配置 2和3
1

• kafka配置，进入config目录下，修改server.properties文件

vi /usr/local/kafka/config/server.properties

# 每台服务器的broker.id都不能相同
broker.id=1
# 是否可以删除topic
delete.topic.enable=true
# topic 在当前broker上的分片个数，与broker保持一致
num.partitions=3
# 每个主机地址不一样：
listeners=PLAINTEXT://172.16.20.220:9092
advertised.listeners=PLAINTEXT://172.16.20.220:9092
# 具体一些参数
log.dirs=/data/kafka/kafka-logs
# 设置zookeeper集群地址与端口如下：
zookeeper.connect=172.16.20.220:2181,172.16.20.221:2181,172.16.20.222:2181

• Kafka启动

kafka启动时先启动zookeeper，再启动kafka；关闭时相反，先关闭kafka，再关闭zookeeper。
1、zookeeper启动命令

./zookeeper-server-start.sh ../config/zookeeper.properties &

后台运行启动命令：

nohup ./zookeeper-server-start.sh ../config/zookeeper.properties >/data/zookeeper/logs/zookeeper.log 2>1 &

或者

./zookeeper-server-start.sh -daemon ../config/zookeeper.properties &

查看集群状态：

./zookeeper-server-start.sh status ../config/zookeeper.properties

2、kafka启动命令

./kafka-server-start.sh ../config/server.properties &

后台运行启动命令：

nohup bin/kafka-server-start.sh ../config/server.properties >/data/kafka/logs/kafka.log 2>1 &

或者

 ./kafka-server-start.sh -daemon ../config/server.properties &

3、创建topic，最新版本已经不需要使用zookeeper参数创建。

./kafka-topics.sh --create --replication-factor 2 --partitions 1 --topic test --bootstrap-server 172.16.20.220:9092

参数解释:
复制两份
　　--replication-factor 2
创建1个分区
　　--partitions 1
topic 名称
　　--topic test

4、查看已经存在的topic（三台设备都执行时可以看到）

./kafka-topics.sh --list --bootstrap-server 172.16.20.220:9092

5、启动生产者：

./kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list 172.16.20.220:9092 --topic test

6、启动消费者：

./kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 172.16.20.221:9092 --topic test
./kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 172.16.20.222:9092 --topic test

添加参数 --from-beginning 从开始位置消费，不是从最新消息

./kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 172.16.20.221 --topic test --from-beginning

7、测试：在生产者输入test，可以在消费者的两台服务器上看到同样的字符test，说明Kafka服务器集群已搭建成功。

三、安装配置Logstash

Logstash没有提供集群安装方式，相互之间并没有交互，但是我们可以配置同属一个Kafka消费者组，来实现统一消息只消费一次的功能。

• 解压安装包

tar -zxvf logstash-8.0.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz
mv logstash-8.0.0 logstash

• 配置kafka主题和组

cd logstash
# 新建配置文件
vi logstash-kafka.conf
# 新增以下内容
input {
  kafka {
    codec => "json"
    group_id => "logstash"
    client_id => "logstash-api"
    topics_pattern => "api_log"
    type => "api"
    bootstrap_servers => "172.16.20.220:9092,172.16.20.221:9092,172.16.20.222:9092"
    auto_offset_reset => "latest"
  }
  kafka {
    codec => "json"
    group_id => "logstash"
    client_id => "logstash-operation"
    topics_pattern => "operation_log"
    type => "operation"
    bootstrap_servers => "172.16.20.220:9092,172.16.20.221:9092,172.16.20.222:9092"
    auto_offset_reset => "latest"
  }
  kafka {
    codec => "json"
    group_id => "logstash"
    client_id => "logstash-debugger"
    topics_pattern => "debugger_log"
    type => "debugger"
    bootstrap_servers => "172.16.20.220:9092,172.16.20.221:9092,172.16.20.222:9092"
    auto_offset_reset => "latest"
  }
  kafka {
    codec => "json"
    group_id => "logstash"
    client_id => "logstash-nginx"
    topics_pattern => "nginx_log"
    type => "nginx"
    bootstrap_servers => "172.16.20.220:9092,172.16.20.221:9092,172.16.20.222:9092"
    auto_offset_reset => "latest"
  }
}
output {
 if [type] == "api"{
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["172.16.20.220:9200","172.16.20.221:9200","172.16.20.222:9200"]
    index => "logstash_api-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    user => "elastic"
    password => "123456"
  }
 }
 if [type] == "operation"{
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["172.16.20.220:9200","172.16.20.221:9200","172.16.20.222:9200"]
    index => "logstash_operation-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    user => "elastic"
    password => "123456"
  }
 }
 if [type] == "debugger"{
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["172.16.20.220:9200","172.16.20.221:9200","172.16.20.222:9200"]
    index => "logstash_operation-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    user => "elastic"
    password => "123456"
  }
 }
 if [type] == "nginx"{
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["172.16.20.220:9200","172.16.20.221:9200","172.16.20.222:9200"]
    index => "logstash_operation-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    user => "elastic"
    password => "123456"
  }
 }
}

• 启动logstash

# 切换到bin目录
cd /usr/local/logstash/bin
# 启动命令
nohup ./logstash -f ../config/logstash-kafka.conf &
#查看启动日志
tail -f nohup.out

四、安装配置Kibana

• 解压安装文件

tar -zxvf kibana-8.0.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

mv kibana-8.0.0 kibana

• 修改配置文件

cd /usr/local/kibana/config
vi kibana.yml
# 修改以下内容
server.port: 5601
server.host: "172.16.20.220"
elasticsearch.hosts: ["http://172.16.20.220:9200","http://172.16.20.221:9200","http://172.16.20.222:9200"]
elasticsearch.username: "kibana_system"
elasticsearch.password: "123456"

• 启动服务

cd /usr/local/kibana/bin
# 默认不允许使用root运行，可以添加 --allow-root 参数使用root用户运行，也可以跟Elasticsearch一样新增一个用户组用户
nohup ./kibana --allow-root &

• 访问http://172.16.20.220:5601/，并使用elastic / 123456登录。
  

五、安装Filebeat

  Filebeat用于安装在业务软件运行服务器，收集业务产生的日志，并推送到我们配置的Kafka、Redis、RabbitMQ等消息中间件，或者直接保存到Elasticsearch，下面来讲解如何安装配置：

1、进入到/usr/local目录，执行解压命令

tar -zxvf filebeat-8.0.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz

mv filebeat-8.0.0-linux-x86_64 filebeat

2、编辑配置filebeat.yml
  配置文件中默认是输出到elasticsearch，这里我们改为kafka，同文件目录下的filebeat.reference.yml文件是所有配置的实例，可以直接将kafka的配置复制到filebeat.yml

• 配置采集开关和采集路径：

# filestream is an input for collecting log messages from files.
- type: filestream

  # Change to true to enable this input configuration.
  # enable改为true
  enabled: true

  # Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.
  # 修改微服务日志的实际路径
  paths:
    - /data/gitegg/log/gitegg-service-system/*.log
    - /data/gitegg/log/gitegg-service-base/*.log
    - /data/gitegg/log/gitegg-service-oauth/*.log
    - /data/gitegg/log/gitegg-service-gateway/*.log
    - /data/gitegg/log/gitegg-service-extension/*.log
    - /data/gitegg/log/gitegg-service-bigdata/*.log
    #- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*

  # Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  #exclude_lines: ['^DBG']

  # Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  #include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN']

  # Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that
  # are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.
  #prospector.scanner.exclude_files: ['.gz$']

  # Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked
  # to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering
  #fields:
  #  level: debug
  #  review: 1

• Elasticsearch 模板配置

# ======================= Elasticsearch template setting =======================

setup.template.settings:
  index.number_of_shards: 3
  index.number_of_replicas: 1
  #index.codec: best_compression
  #_source.enabled: false

# 允许自动生成index模板
setup.template.enabled: true
# # 生成index模板时字段配置文件
setup.template.fields: fields.yml
# # 如果存在模块则覆盖
setup.template.overwrite: true
# # 生成index模板的名称
setup.template.name: "api_log" 
# # 生成index模板匹配的index格式 
setup.template.pattern: "api-*" 
#索引生命周期管理ilm功能默认开启，开启的情况下索引名称只能为filebeat-*， 通过setup.ilm.enabled: false进行关闭；
setup.ilm.pattern: "{now/d}"
setup.ilm.enabled: false

• 开启仪表盘并配置使用Kibana仪表盘：

# ================================= Dashboards =================================
# These settings control loading the sample dashboards to the Kibana index. Loading
# the dashboards is disabled by default and can be enabled either by setting the
# options here or by using the `setup` command.
setup.dashboards.enabled: true

# The URL from where to download the dashboards archive. By default this URL
# has a value which is computed based on the Beat name and version. For released
# versions, this URL points to the dashboard archive on the artifacts.elastic.co
# website.
#setup.dashboards.url:
# =================================== Kibana ===================================

# Starting with Beats version 6.0.0, the dashboards are loaded via the Kibana API.
# This requires a Kibana endpoint configuration.
setup.kibana:

  # Kibana Host
  # Scheme and port can be left out and will be set to the default (http and 5601)
  # In case you specify and additional path, the scheme is required: http://localhost:5601/path
  # IPv6 addresses should always be defined as: https://[2001:db8::1]:5601
  host: "172.16.20.220:5601"

  # Kibana Space ID
  # ID of the Kibana Space into which the dashboards should be loaded. By default,
  # the Default Space will be used.
  #space.id:

• 配置输出到Kafka，完整的filebeat.yml如下

###################### Filebeat Configuration Example #########################

# This file is an example configuration file highlighting only the most common
# options. The filebeat.reference.yml file from the same directory contains all the
# supported options with more comments. You can use it as a reference.
#
# You can find the full configuration reference here:
# https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/index.html

# For more available modules and options, please see the filebeat.reference.yml sample
# configuration file.

# ============================== Filebeat inputs ===============================

filebeat.inputs:

# Each - is an input. Most options can be set at the input level, so
# you can use different inputs for various configurations.
# Below are the input specific configurations.

# filestream is an input for collecting log messages from files.
- type: filestream

  # Change to true to enable this input configuration.
  enabled: true

  # Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.
  paths:
    - /data/gitegg/log/*/*operation.log
    #- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*

  # Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  #exclude_lines: ['^DBG']

  # Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  #include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN']

  # Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that
  # are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.
  #prospector.scanner.exclude_files: ['.gz$']

  # Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked
  # to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering
  fields:
    topic: operation_log
  #  level: debug
  #  review: 1
# filestream is an input for collecting log messages from files.
- type: filestream

  # Change to true to enable this input configuration.
  enabled: true

  # Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.
  paths:
    - /data/gitegg/log/*/*api.log
    #- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*

  # Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  #exclude_lines: ['^DBG']

  # Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  #include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN']

  # Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that
  # are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.
  #prospector.scanner.exclude_files: ['.gz$']

  # Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked
  # to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering
  fields:
    topic: api_log
  #  level: debug
  #  review: 1
# filestream is an input for collecting log messages from files.
- type: filestream

  # Change to true to enable this input configuration.
  enabled: true

  # Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.
  paths:
    - /data/gitegg/log/*/*debug.log
    #- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*

  # Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  #exclude_lines: ['^DBG']

  # Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  #include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN']

  # Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that
  # are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.
  #prospector.scanner.exclude_files: ['.gz$']

  # Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked
  # to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering
  fields:
    topic: debugger_log
  #  level: debug
  #  review: 1
# filestream is an input for collecting log messages from files.
- type: filestream

  # Change to true to enable this input configuration.
  enabled: true

  # Paths that should be crawled and fetched. Glob based paths.
  paths:
    - /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log
    #- c:\programdata\elasticsearch\logs\*

  # Exclude lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It drops the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  #exclude_lines: ['^DBG']

  # Include lines. A list of regular expressions to match. It exports the lines that are
  # matching any regular expression from the list.
  #include_lines: ['^ERR', '^WARN']

  # Exclude files. A list of regular expressions to match. Filebeat drops the files that
  # are matching any regular expression from the list. By default, no files are dropped.
  #prospector.scanner.exclude_files: ['.gz$']

  # Optional additional fields. These fields can be freely picked
  # to add additional information to the crawled log files for filtering
  fields:
    topic: nginx_log
  #  level: debug
  #  review: 1

# ============================== Filebeat modules ==============================

filebeat.config.modules:
  # Glob pattern for configuration loading
  path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml

  # Set to true to enable config reloading
  reload.enabled: false

  # Period on which files under path should be checked for changes
  #reload.period: 10s

# ======================= Elasticsearch template setting =======================

setup.template.settings:
  index.number_of_shards: 3
  index.number_of_replicas: 1
  #index.codec: best_compression
  #_source.enabled: false

# 允许自动生成index模板
setup.template.enabled: true
# # 生成index模板时字段配置文件
setup.template.fields: fields.yml
# # 如果存在模块则覆盖
setup.template.overwrite: true
# # 生成index模板的名称
setup.template.name: "gitegg_log" 
# # 生成index模板匹配的index格式 
setup.template.pattern: "filebeat-*" 
#索引生命周期管理ilm功能默认开启，开启的情况下索引名称只能为filebeat-*， 通过setup.ilm.enabled: false进行关闭；
setup.ilm.pattern: "{now/d}"
setup.ilm.enabled: false

# ================================== General ===================================

# The name of the shipper that publishes the network data. It can be used to group
# all the transactions sent by a single shipper in the web interface.
#name:

# The tags of the shipper are included in their own field with each
# transaction published.
#tags: ["service-X", "web-tier"]

# Optional fields that you can specify to add additional information to the
# output.
#fields:
#  env: staging 

# ================================= Dashboards =================================
# These settings control loading the sample dashboards to the Kibana index. Loading
# the dashboards is disabled by default and can be enabled either by setting the
# options here or by using the `setup` command.
setup.dashboards.enabled: true

# The URL from where to download the dashboards archive. By default this URL
# has a value which is computed based on the Beat name and version. For released
# versions, this URL points to the dashboard archive on the artifacts.elastic.co
# website.
#setup.dashboards.url:

# =================================== Kibana ===================================

# Starting with Beats version 6.0.0, the dashboards are loaded via the Kibana API.
# This requires a Kibana endpoint configuration.
setup.kibana:

  # Kibana Host
  # Scheme and port can be left out and will be set to the default (http and 5601)
  # In case you specify and additional path, the scheme is required: http://localhost:5601/path
  # IPv6 addresses should always be defined as: https://[2001:db8::1]:5601
  host: "172.16.20.220:5601"

  # Optional protocol and basic auth credentials.
  #protocol: "https"
  username: "elastic"
  password: "123456"

  # Optional HTTP path
  #path: ""

  # Optional Kibana space ID.
  #space.id: ""

  # Custom HTTP headers to add to each request
  #headers:
  #  X-My-Header: Contents of the header

  # Use SSL settings for HTTPS.
  #ssl.enabled: true

# =============================== Elastic Cloud ================================

# These settings simplify using Filebeat with the Elastic Cloud (https://cloud.elastic.co/).

# The cloud.id setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.hosts` and
# `setup.kibana.host` options.
# You can find the `cloud.id` in the Elastic Cloud web UI.
#cloud.id:

# The cloud.auth setting overwrites the `output.elasticsearch.username` and
# `output.elasticsearch.password` settings. The format is `<user>:<pass>`.
#cloud.auth:

# ================================== Outputs ===================================

# Configure what output to use when sending the data collected by the beat.

# ---------------------------- Elasticsearch Output ----------------------------
#output.elasticsearch:
  # Array of hosts to connect to.
  hosts: ["localhost:9200"]

  # Protocol - either `http` (default) or `https`.
  #protocol: "https"

  # Authentication credentials - either API key or username/password.
  #api_key: "id:api_key"
  #username: "elastic"
  #password: "changeme"

# ------------------------------ Logstash Output -------------------------------
#output.logstash:
  # The Logstash hosts
  #hosts: ["localhost:5044"]

  # Optional SSL. By default is off.
  # List of root certificates for HTTPS server verifications
  #ssl.certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/root/ca.pem"]

  # Certificate for SSL client authentication
  #ssl.certificate: "/etc/pki/client/cert.pem"

  # Client Certificate Key
  #ssl.key: "/etc/pki/client/cert.key"
# -------------------------------- Kafka Output --------------------------------
output.kafka:
  # Boolean flag to enable or disable the output module.
  enabled: true

  # The list of Kafka broker addresses from which to fetch the cluster metadata.
  # The cluster metadata contain the actual Kafka brokers events are published
  # to.
  hosts: ["172.16.20.220:9092","172.16.20.221:9092","172.16.20.222:9092"]

  # The Kafka topic used for produced events. The setting can be a format string
  # using any event field. To set the topic from document type use `%{[type]}`.
  topic: '%{[fields.topic]}'

  # The Kafka event key setting. Use format string to create a unique event key.
  # By default no event key will be generated.
  #key: ''

  # The Kafka event partitioning strategy. Default hashing strategy is `hash`
  # using the `output.kafka.key` setting or randomly distributes events if
  # `output.kafka.key` is not configured.
  partition.hash:
    # If enabled, events will only be published to partitions with reachable
    # leaders. Default is false.
    reachable_only: true

    # Configure alternative event field names used to compute the hash value.
    # If empty `output.kafka.key` setting will be used.
    # Default value is empty list.
    #hash: []

  # Authentication details. Password is required if username is set.
  #username: ''
  #password: ''

  # SASL authentication mechanism used. Can be one of PLAIN, SCRAM-SHA-256 or SCRAM-SHA-512.
  # Defaults to PLAIN when `username` and `password` are configured.
  #sasl.mechanism: ''

  # Kafka version Filebeat is assumed to run against. Defaults to the "1.0.0".
  #version: '1.0.0'

  # Configure JSON encoding
  #codec.json:
    # Pretty-print JSON event
    #pretty: false

    # Configure escaping HTML symbols in strings.
    #escape_html: false

  # Metadata update configuration. Metadata contains leader information
  # used to decide which broker to use when publishing.
  #metadata:
    # Max metadata request retry attempts when cluster is in middle of leader
    # election. Defaults to 3 retries.
    #retry.max: 3

    # Wait time between retries during leader elections. Default is 250ms.
    #retry.backoff: 250ms

    # Refresh metadata interval. Defaults to every 10 minutes.
    #refresh_frequency: 10m

    # Strategy for fetching the topics metadata from the broker. Default is false.
    #full: false

  # The number of concurrent load-balanced Kafka output workers.
  #worker: 1

  # The number of times to retry publishing an event after a publishing failure.
  # After the specified number of retries, events are typically dropped.
  # Some Beats, such as Filebeat, ignore the max_retries setting and retry until
  # all events are published.  Set max_retries to a value less than 0 to retry
  # until all events are published. The default is 3.
  #max_retries: 3

  # The number of seconds to wait before trying to republish to Kafka
  # after a network error. After waiting backoff.init seconds, the Beat
  # tries to republish. If the attempt fails, the backoff timer is increased
  # exponentially up to backoff.max. After a successful publish, the backoff
  # timer is reset. The default is 1s.
  #backoff.init: 1s

  # The maximum number of seconds to wait before attempting to republish to
  # Kafka after a network error. The default is 60s.
  #backoff.max: 60s

  # The maximum number of events to bulk in a single Kafka request. The default
  # is 2048.
  #bulk_max_size: 2048

  # Duration to wait before sending bulk Kafka request. 0 is no delay. The default
  # is 0.
  #bulk_flush_frequency: 0s

  # The number of seconds to wait for responses from the Kafka brokers before
  # timing out. The default is 30s.
  #timeout: 30s

  # The maximum duration a broker will wait for number of required ACKs. The
  # default is 10s.
  #broker_timeout: 10s

  # The number of messages buffered for each Kafka broker. The default is 256.
  #channel_buffer_size: 256

  # The keep-alive period for an active network connection. If 0s, keep-alives
  # are disabled. The default is 0 seconds.
  #keep_alive: 0

  # Sets the output compression codec. Must be one of none, snappy and gzip. The
  # default is gzip.
  compression: gzip

  # Set the compression level. Currently only gzip provides a compression level
  # between 0 and 9. The default value is chosen by the compression algorithm.
  #compression_level: 4

  # The maximum permitted size of JSON-encoded messages. Bigger messages will be
  # dropped. The default value is 1000000 (bytes). This value should be equal to
  # or less than the broker's message.max.bytes.
  max_message_bytes: 1000000

  # The ACK reliability level required from broker. 0=no response, 1=wait for
  # local commit, -1=wait for all replicas to commit. The default is 1.  Note:
  # If set to 0, no ACKs are returned by Kafka. Messages might be lost silently
  # on error.
  required_acks: 1

  # The configurable ClientID used for logging, debugging, and auditing
  # purposes.  The default is "beats".
  #client_id: beats

  # Use SSL settings for HTTPS.
  #ssl.enabled: true

  # Controls the verification of certificates. Valid values are:
  # * full, which verifies that the provided certificate is signed by a trusted
  # authority (CA) and also verifies that the server's hostname (or IP address)
  # matches the names identified within the certificate.
  # * strict, which verifies that the provided certificate is signed by a trusted
  # authority (CA) and also verifies that the server's hostname (or IP address)
  # matches the names identified within the certificate. If the Subject Alternative
  # Name is empty, it returns an error.
  # * certificate, which verifies that the provided certificate is signed by a
  # trusted authority (CA), but does not perform any hostname verification.
  #  * none, which performs no verification of the server's certificate. This
  # mode disables many of the security benefits of SSL/TLS and should only be used
  # after very careful consideration. It is primarily intended as a temporary
  # diagnostic mechanism when attempting to resolve TLS errors; its use in
  # production environments is strongly discouraged.
  # The default value is full.
  #ssl.verification_mode: full

  # List of supported/valid TLS versions. By default all TLS versions from 1.1
  # up to 1.3 are enabled.
  #ssl.supported_protocols: [TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3]

  # List of root certificates for HTTPS server verifications
  #ssl.certificate_authorities: ["/etc/pki/root/ca.pem"]

  # Certificate for SSL client authentication
  #ssl.certificate: "/etc/pki/client/cert.pem"

  # Client certificate key
  #ssl.key: "/etc/pki/client/cert.key"

  # Optional passphrase for decrypting the certificate key.
  #ssl.key_passphrase: ''

  # Configure cipher suites to be used for SSL connections
  #ssl.cipher_suites: []

  # Configure curve types for ECDHE-based cipher suites
  #ssl.curve_types: []

  # Configure what types of renegotiation are supported. Valid options are
  # never, once, and freely. Default is never.
  #ssl.renegotiation: never

  # Configure a pin that can be used to do extra validation of the verified certificate chain,
  # this allow you to ensure that a specific certificate is used to validate the chain of trust.
  #
  # The pin is a base64 encoded string of the SHA-256 fingerprint.
  #ssl.ca_sha256: ""

  # A root CA HEX encoded fingerprint. During the SSL handshake if the
  # fingerprint matches the root CA certificate, it will be added to
  # the provided list of root CAs (`certificate_authorities`), if the
  # list is empty or not defined, the matching certificate will be the
  # only one in the list. Then the normal SSL validation happens.
  #ssl.ca_trusted_fingerprint: ""

  # Enable Kerberos support. Kerberos is automatically enabled if any Kerberos setting is set.
  #kerberos.enabled: true

  # Authentication type to use with Kerberos. Available options: keytab, password.
  #kerberos.auth_type: password

  # Path to the keytab file. It is used when auth_type is set to keytab.
  #kerberos.keytab: /etc/security/keytabs/kafka.keytab

  # Path to the Kerberos configuration.
  #kerberos.config_path: /etc/krb5.conf

  # The service name. Service principal name is contructed from
  # service_name/hostname@realm.
  #kerberos.service_name: kafka

  # Name of the Kerberos user.
  #kerberos.username: elastic

  # Password of the Kerberos user. It is used when auth_type is set to password.
  #kerberos.password: changeme

  # Kerberos realm.
  #kerberos.realm: ELASTIC

  # Enables Kerberos FAST authentication. This may
  # conflict with certain Active Directory configurations.
  #kerberos.enable_krb5_fast: false
# ================================= Processors =================================
processors:
  - add_host_metadata:
      when.not.contains.tags: forwarded
  - add_cloud_metadata: ~
  - add_docker_metadata: ~
  - add_kubernetes_metadata: ~

# ================================== Logging ===================================

# Sets log level. The default log level is info.
# Available log levels are: error, warning, info, debug
#logging.level: debug

# At debug level, you can selectively enable logging only for some components.
# To enable all selectors use ["*"]. Examples of other selectors are "beat",
# "publisher", "service".
#logging.selectors: ["*"]

# ============================= X-Pack Monitoring ==============================
# Filebeat can export internal metrics to a central Elasticsearch monitoring
# cluster.  This requires xpack monitoring to be enabled in Elasticsearch.  The
# reporting is disabled by default.

# Set to true to enable the monitoring reporter.
#monitoring.enabled: false

# Sets the UUID of the Elasticsearch cluster under which monitoring data for this
# Filebeat instance will appear in the Stack Monitoring UI. If output.elasticsearch
# is enabled, the UUID is derived from the Elasticsearch cluster referenced by output.elasticsearch.
#monitoring.cluster_uuid:

# Uncomment to send the metrics to Elasticsearch. Most settings from the
# Elasticsearch output are accepted here as well.
# Note that the settings should point to your Elasticsearch *monitoring* cluster.
# Any setting that is not set is automatically inherited from the Elasticsearch
# output configuration, so if you have the Elasticsearch output configured such
# that it is pointing to your Elasticsearch monitoring cluster, you can simply
# uncomment the following line.
#monitoring.elasticsearch:

# ============================== Instrumentation ===============================

# Instrumentation support for the filebeat.
#instrumentation:
    # Set to true to enable instrumentation of filebeat.
    #enabled: false

    # Environment in which filebeat is running on (eg: staging, production, etc.)
    #environment: ""

    # APM Server hosts to report instrumentation results to.
    #hosts:
    #  - http://localhost:8200

    # API Key for the APM Server(s).
    # If api_key is set then secret_token will be ignored.
    #api_key:

    # Secret token for the APM Server(s).
    #secret_token:


# ================================= Migration ==================================

# This allows to enable 6.7 migration aliases
#migration.6_to_7.enabled: true

• 执行filebeat启动命令

 ./filebeat -e -c filebeat.yml

后台启动命令

nohup ./filebeat -e -c filebeat.yml >/dev/null 2>&1 & 

停止命令

ps -ef |grep filebeat
kill -9 进程号

六、测试配置是否正确

1、测试filebeat是否能够采集log文件并发送到Kafka

• 在kafka服务器开启消费者，监听api_log主题和operation_log主题

./kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 172.16.20.221:9092 --topic api_log

./kafka-console-consumer.sh --bootstrap-server 172.16.20.222:9092 --topic operation_log

• 手动写入日志文件，按照filebeat配置的采集目录写入

echo "api log1111" > /data/gitegg/log/gitegg-service-system/api.log

echo "operation log1111" > /data/gitegg/log/gitegg-service-system/operation.log

• 观察消费者是消费到日志推送内容

2、测试logstash是消费Kafka的日志主题，并将日志内容存入Elasticsearch

• 手动写入日志文件

echo "api log8888888888888888888888" > /data/gitegg/log/gitegg-service-system/api.log
echo "operation loggggggggggggggggggg" > /data/gitegg/log/gitegg-service-system/operation.log

• 打开Elasticsearch Head界面 http://172.16.20.220:9100/?auth_user=elastic&auth_password=123456 ，查询Elasticsearch是否有数据。

自动新增的两个index，规则是logstash中配置的

数据浏览页可以看到Elasticsearch中存储的日志数据内容，说明我们的配置已经生效。

七、配置Kibana用于日志统计和展示

• 依次点击左侧菜单Management -> Kibana -> Data Views -> Create data view , 输入logstash_* ,选择@timestamp，再点击Create data view按钮，完成创建。
  
  
  
  
• 点击日志分析查询菜单Analytics -> Discover，选择logstash_* 进行日志查询
  
  

源码地址:

Gitee: https://gitee.com/wmz1930/GitEgg
GitHub: https://github.com/wmz1930/GitEgg