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Swift - 判断设备类型开发兼容的iOS应用（iPad使用分隔视图控制器）

1，分割视图控制器（UISplitViewController）

在iPhone应用中，使用导航控制器由上一层界面进入下一层界面。

但iPad屏幕较大，通常使用SplitViewController来实现导航（这个是iPad专用的视图控制器）。在横屏下，左侧显示一个导航列表，点击后右边显示对应的详情。竖屏情况下显示方式会有所不同，默认只显示详细面板，原来左侧的导航列表会通过浮动窗口隐藏，需要从边缘向内拖动来显示。

2，开发兼容的iOS应用

有时候需要开发兼容iPhone、iPod、iPad的应用，这时候需要判断设备类型，如果是iPhone、iPod就不应该使用 SplitViewController。另外处理方式也会有变化，如点击列表项时，在iPad直接在右侧展示详情，而iPhone却需要导航到详细页。

iOS提供了UIDevice类来判断设备的类型，其userInterfaceIdiom属性返回设备类型枚举

3，样例效果图

iPhone：

iPad：（注：iPad要旋转成横屏，竖屏下一片空白）

4，样例代码
--- AppDelegate.swift 应用入口 ---

import UIKit
 
@UIApplicationMain
class AppDelegate: UIResponder, UIApplicationDelegate {
                             
    var window: UIWindow?
 
    func application(application: UIApplication,
        didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [NSObject : AnyObject]?) -> Bool {
        self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)
        // Override point for customization after application launch.
        self.window!.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
        self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()
         
        //初始化列表面板
        let master = MasterViewController()
        //初始化详情面板
        let detail = DetailViewController()
        //设置列表面板引用详情面板，以便用户点击列表项时调用详情面板的相应方法
        master.detailViewController = detail
        //用导航包装master列表，显示导航条，如果是分割面板也不影响功能
        let nav = UINavigationController(rootViewController: master)
        // 如果是iPhone或iPod则只显示列表页，如果是iPad则显示分割面板
        if (UIDevice.currentDevice().userInterfaceIdiom == .Phone) {
            self.window!.rootViewController = nav
        }
        else {
            //初始化分割面板
            let split = UISplitViewController()
            //设置分割面板的2个视图控制器
            split.viewControllers = [nav, detail]
         
            //分割面板作为window的主视图加载
            self.window!.rootViewController = split
        }
         
        return true
    }
 
    func applicationWillResignActive(application: UIApplication) {
    }
 
    func applicationDidEnterBackground(application: UIApplication) {
    }
 
    func applicationWillEnterForeground(application: UIApplication) {
    }
 
    func applicationDidBecomeActive(application: UIApplication) {
    }
 
    func applicationWillTerminate(application: UIApplication) {
    }
}

--- MasterViewController.swift 列表页 ---

import UIKit
 
class MasterViewController: UIViewController, UITableViewDelegate, UITableViewDataSource {
     
    // 表格加载
    var tableView:UITableView?
    // 控件类型
    var ctrls = ["UILabel", "UIButton", "UIImageView", "UISlider"]
    //
    var detailViewController:DetailViewController?
     
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
         
        self.title = "Swift控件演示"
        self.tableView = UITableView(frame:self.view.frame, style:UITableViewStyle.Plain)
        self.tableView!.delegate = self
        self.tableView!.dataSource = self
        self.tableView!.registerClass(UITableViewCell.self, forCellReuseIdentifier: "SwiftCell")
        self.view.addSubview(self.tableView!)
    }
     
    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
        // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
    }
     
    // UITableViewDataSource协议方法
    func tableView(tableView: UITableView, numberOfRowsInSection section: Int) -> Int
    {
        return self.ctrls.count
    }
     
    // UITableViewDataSource协议方法
    func tableView(tableView: UITableView, cellForRowAtIndexPath indexPath: NSIndexPath)
        -> UITableViewCell
    {
        let cell = tableView.dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier("SwiftCell",
            forIndexPath: indexPath) as! UITableViewCell
        cell.accessoryType = UITableViewCellAccessoryType.DisclosureIndicator
        cell.textLabel?.text = self.ctrls[indexPath.row]
         
        return cell
    }
     
    // UITableViewDelegate协议方法，点击时调用
    func tableView(tableView: UITableView, didSelectRowAtIndexPath indexPath: NSIndexPath)
    {
        //调用DetailViewController的方法更新详细页
        detailViewController!.loadControl(self.ctrls[indexPath.row])
         
        //如果是iPhone、iPod则导航到详情页
        if (UIDevice.currentDevice().userInterfaceIdiom == .Phone) {
            // 跳转到detailViewController，取消选中状态
            //self.tableView!.deselectRowAtIndexPath(indexPath, animated: true)
         
            // navigationController跳转到detailViewController
            self.navigationController!.pushViewController(detailViewController!, animated:true)
        }
    }
}

--- DetailViewController.swift 详情页 ---

import UIKit
 
class DetailViewController: UIViewController {
     
    override func viewDidLoad() {
        super.viewDidLoad()
        // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
         
        self.view.backgroundColor = UIColor.whiteColor()
        let ctrl = self.title != nil ? self.title! : ""
        loadControl(ctrl)
    }
     
    override func didReceiveMemoryWarning() {
        super.didReceiveMemoryWarning()
        // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
    }
     
    func loadControl(ctrl:String) {
        clearViews()
        switch (ctrl) {
        case "UILabel":
            var label = UILabel(frame: self.view.bounds)
            label.backgroundColor = UIColor.clearColor()
            label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignment.Center
            label.font = UIFont.systemFontOfSize(36)
            label.text = "Hello, Hangge.com"
            self.view.addSubview(label)
        case "UIButton":
            var button = UIButton(frame: CGRectMake(110,120,100,60))
            button.backgroundColor = UIColor.blueColor()
            button.setTitleColor(UIColor.redColor(), forState: UIControlState.Normal)
            button.setTitleColor(UIColor.whiteColor(), forState: UIControlState.Highlighted)
            button.setTitle("点击我", forState: .Normal)
            self.view.addSubview(button)
        default:
            println("clicked: \(ctrl)")
        }
    }
     
    func clearViews() {
        for v in self.view.subviews {
            v.removeFromSuperview()
        }
    }    
}