RxJava和RxAndroid
现在RxJava和RxAndroid越来越火爆,自己在业余时间也学习了一下,感觉确实很好用,之前 为了完成页面刷新,数据请求,组件信息传递的时候,要使用handler,真的是逻辑思路很强,稍微不注意,就各种错误一大堆。这下有了RxJava和RxAndroid,真的爽。 RxJava 网上有很多给RxJava做定义的,很多人说的比较官方,而我是比较笨的那种人,所以看了很久也没有看懂,不过最后在一个博客中,看到 RxJava就是异步 我决定这句话概括的还是非常好的!!!
不过我们还是要来先看一下官方给出的定义 定义 RxJava:a library for composing asynchronous and event-based programs using observable sequences for the Java VM // 翻译:RxJava 是一个在 Java VM 上使用可观测的序列来组成异步的、基于事件的程序的库 所以说,RxJava 是一个 基于事件流、实现异步操作的库 特点: RxJava的使用方式是:基于事件流的链式调用 1. 逻辑简洁 2. 实现优雅 3. 使用简单 更重要的是,随着程序逻辑的复杂性提高,它依然能够保持简洁 & 优雅 原理 这个地方使用的是别人的例子,我觉得很好 顾客到餐厅吃饭
RxJava是一种基于扩展的观察者模式 在RxJava中有四种角色: 角色 作用 类比 被观察者(Observable) 产生事件 顾客 观察者(Observer) 接收事件,并给出响应动作 厨房 订阅(Subscribe) 连接 被观察者 & 观察者 服务员 事件(Event) 被观察者 & 观察者 沟通的载体 菜式
即RxJava原理可总结为:被观察者 (Observable) 通过 订阅(Subscribe) 按顺序发送事件(Event) 给观察者 (Observer), 观察者(Observer) 按顺序接收事件 & 作出对应的响应动作。具体如下图
配置 compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.0.1' compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1' RxJava的使用 使用方式: 1. 分步骤实现:该方法主要为了深入说明Rxjava的原理 & 使用,主要用于演示说明 2. 基于事件流的链式调用:主要用于实际使用 分步实现的步骤
创建被观察者(Obserable)和生产事件 即:顾客-坐下餐桌-点菜 具体实现: // 1. 创建被观察者 Observable 对象 Observable<Integer> observable = Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<Integer>() { // create() 是 RxJava 最基本的创造事件序列的方法 // 此处传入了一个 OnSubscribe 对象参数 // 当 Observable 被订阅时,OnSubscribe 的 call() 方法会自动被调用,即事件序列就会依照设定依次被触发 // 即观察者会依次调用对应事件的复写方法从而响应事件 // 从而实现被观察者调用了观察者的回调方法 & 由被观察者向观察者的事件传递,即观察者模式 // 2. 在复写的subscribe()里定义需要发送的事件 @Override public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<Integer> emitter) throws Exception { // 通过 ObservableEmitter类对象产生事件并通知观察者 // ObservableEmitter类介绍 // a. 定义:事件发射器 // b. 作用:定义需要发送的事件 & 向观察者发送事件 emitter.onNext(1); emitter.onNext(2); emitter.onNext(3); emitter.onComplete(); } }); <--扩展:RxJava 提供了其他方法用于 创建被观察者对象Observable --> // 方法1:just(T...):直接将传入的参数依次发送出来 Observable observable = Observable.just("A", "B", "C"); // 将会依次调用: // onNext("A"); // onNext("B"); // onNext("C"); // onCompleted(); // 方法2:from(T[]) / from(Iterable<? extends T>) : 将传入的数组 / Iterable 拆分成具体对象后,依次发送出来 String[] words = {"A", "B", "C"}; Observable observable = Observable.from(words); // 将会依次调用: // onNext("A"); // onNext("B"); // onNext("C"); // onCompleted(); 关于onComplete和onError唯一并且互斥这一点, 是需要自行在代码中进行控制, 如果你的代码逻辑中违背了这个规则, 并不一定会导致程序崩溃. 比如发送多个onComplete是可以正常运行的, 依然是收到第一个onComplete就不再接收了, 但若是发送多个onError, 则收到第二个onError事件会导致程序会崩溃. 创建观察者 (Observer )并 定义响应事件的行为 即 开厨房 - 确定对应菜式 发生的事件类型包括:Next事件、Complete事件 & Error事件
具体实现: //方式1:采用Observer 接口 -- > // 1. 创建观察者 (Observer )对象 Observer<Integer> observer = new Observer<Integer>() { // 2. 创建对象时通过对应复写对应事件方法 从而 响应对应事件 // 观察者接收事件前,默认最先调用复写 onSubscribe() @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } // 当被观察者生产Next事件 & 观察者接收到时,会调用该复写方法 进行响应 @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "对Next事件作出响应" + value); } // 当被观察者生产Error事件& 观察者接收到时,会调用该复写方法 进行响应 @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } // 当被观察者生产Complete事件& 观察者接收到时,会调用该复写方法 进行响应 @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }; //方式2:采用Subscriber 抽象类 -- > // 说明:Subscriber类 = RxJava 内置的一个实现了 Observer 的抽象类,对 Observer 接口进行了扩展 // 1. 创建观察者 (Observer )对象 Subscriber<String> subscriber = new Subscriber<Integer>() { // 2. 创建对象时通过对应复写对应事件方法 从而 响应对应事件 // 观察者接收事件前,默认最先调用复写 onSubscribe() @Override public void onSubscribe(Subscription s) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } // 当被观察者生产Next事件 & 观察者接收到时,会调用该复写方法 进行响应 @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "对Next事件作出响应" + value); } // 当被观察者生产Error事件& 观察者接收到时,会调用该复写方法 进行响应 @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } // 当被观察者生产Complete事件& 观察者接收到时,会调用该复写方法 进行响应 @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }; //特别注意:2 种方法的区别,即Subscriber 抽象类与Observer 接口的区别-- > // 相同点:二者基本使用方式完全一致(实质上,在RxJava的 subscribe 过程中,Observer总是会先被转换成Subscriber再使用) // 不同点:Subscriber抽象类对 Observer 接口进行了扩展,新增了两个方法: // 1. onStart():在还未响应事件前调用,用于做一些初始化工作 // 2. unsubscribe():用于取消订阅。在该方法被调用后,观察者将不再接收 & 响应事件 // 调用该方法前,先使用 isUnsubscribed() 判断状态,确定被观察者Observable是否还持有观察者Subscriber的引用,如果引用不能及时释放,就会出现内存泄露 通过订阅(Subscribe)连接观察者和被观察者 顾客找到服务员 - 点菜 - 服务员下单到厨房 - 厨房烹调 具体实现: observable.subscribe(observer); // 或者 observable.subscribe(subscriber); ``` 扩展说明: ``` <-- Observable.subscribe(Subscriber) 的内部实现 --> public Subscription subscribe(Subscriber subscriber) { subscriber.onStart(); // 步骤1中 观察者 subscriber抽象类复写的方法,用于初始化工作 onSubscribe.call(subscriber); // 通过该调用,从而回调观察者中的对应方法从而响应被观察者生产的事件 // 从而实现被观察者调用了观察者的回调方法 & 由被观察者向观察者的事件传递,即观察者模式 // 同时也看出:Observable只是生产事件,真正的发送事件是在它被订阅的时候,即当 subscribe() 方法执行时 } 基于事件流的链式调用 在实际应用中,会将上述步骤&代码连在一起,从而更加简洁、更加优雅,即所谓的 RxJava基于事件流的链式调用 // RxJava的链式操作 Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<Integer>() { // 1. 创建被观察者 & 生产事件 @Override public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<Integer> emitter) throws Exception { emitter.onNext(1); emitter.onNext(2); emitter.onNext(3); emitter.onComplete(); } }).subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { // 2. 通过通过订阅(subscribe)连接观察者和被观察者 // 3. 创建观察者 & 定义响应事件的行为 @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } // 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "对Next事件"+ value +"作出响应" ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }); } } 注意:整体方法调用顺序:观察者.onSubscribe()> 被观察者.subscribe()> 观察者.onNext()>观察者.onComplete() 随着程序逻辑的复杂性提高,它依然能够保持简洁 & 优雅。所以,一般建议使用这种基于事件流的链式调用方式实现RxJava RxJava 2.x 提供了多个函数式接口 ,用于实现简便式的观察者模式
以consumer为例,实现观察者模式 Observable.just("hello").subscribe(new Consumer<String>() { // 每次接收到Observable的事件都会调用Consumer.accept() @Override public void accept(String s) throws Exception { System.out.println(s); } }); 实际使用 使用分步实现 package com.paulniu.rxjavademo; import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.util.Log; import org.reactivestreams.Subscriber; import org.reactivestreams.Subscription; import io.reactivex.Observable; import io.reactivex.ObservableEmitter; import io.reactivex.ObservableOnSubscribe; import io.reactivex.Observer; import io.reactivex.disposables.Disposable; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { public static final String TAG = "MainActivity"; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //1.创建观察者Observable对象 Observable<Integer>observable = Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<Integer>() { @Override public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<Integer> e) throws Exception { // 在复写的subscribe()里定义需要发送的事件 // 通过 ObservableEmitter类对象产生事件并通知观察者 // ObservableEmitter类介绍 // a. 定义:事件发射器 // b. 作用:定义需要发送的事件 & 向观察者发送事件 e.onNext(1); e.onNext(2); e.onNext(3); //完成发送 e.onComplete(); } }); //2:创建观察者 Observer 并 定义响应事件行为 Observer<Integer>observer = new Observer<Integer>() { // 通过复写对应方法来 响应 被观察者 @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { // 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe() Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "对Next事件"+ value +"作出响应" ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }; //3:通过订阅(subscribe)连接观察者和被观察者 observable.subscribe(observer); } } 实验结果:
基于事件流的链式调用方式 // RxJava的流式操作 Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<Integer>() { // 1. 创建被观察者 & 生产事件 @Override public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<Integer> emitter) throws Exception { emitter.onNext(1); emitter.onNext(2); emitter.onNext(3); emitter.onComplete(); } }).subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { // 2. 通过通过订阅(subscribe)连接观察者和被观察者 // 3. 创建观察者 & 定义响应事件的行为 @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } // 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "对Next事件"+ value +"作出响应" ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }); 实现效果和上图一样 除了此之外,观察者Observer的subscribe()具有重载方法 public final Disposable subscribe() {} // 表示观察者不对被观察者发送的事件作出任何响应(但被观察者还是可以继续发送事件) public final Disposable subscribe(Consumer<? super T> onNext) {} // 表示观察者只对被观察者发送的Next事件作出响应 public final Disposable subscribe(Consumer<? super T> onNext, Consumer<? super Throwable> onError) {} // 表示观察者只对被观察者发送的Next事件 & Error事件作出响应 public final Disposable subscribe(Consumer<? super T> onNext, Consumer<? super Throwable> onError, Action onComplete) {} // 表示观察者只对被观察者发送的Next事件、Error事件 & Complete事件作出响应 public final Disposable subscribe(Consumer<? super T> onNext, Consumer<? super Throwable> onError, Action onComplete, Consumer<? super Disposable> onSubscribe) {} // 表示观察者只对被观察者发送的Next事件、Error事件 、Complete事件 & onSubscribe事件作出响应 public final void subscribe(Observer<? super T> observer) {} // 表示观察者对被观察者发送的任何事件都作出响应 可采用 Disposable.dispose() 切断观察者 与 被观察者 之间的连接 即观察者 无法继续 接收 被观察者的事件,但被观察者还是可以继续发送事件 // 主要在观察者 Observer中 实现 Observer<Integer> observer = new Observer<Integer>() { // 1. 定义Disposable类变量 private Disposable mDisposable; @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); // 2. 对Disposable类变量赋值 mDisposable = d; } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "对Next事件"+ value +"作出响应" ); if (value == 2) { // 设置在接收到第二个事件后切断观察者和被观察者的连接 mDisposable.dispose(); Log.d(TAG, "已经切断了连接:" + mDisposable.isDisposed()); } } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }; 运行结果
RxJava的操作符
作用:创建被观察者对象(Observable)和发送事件
基本创建 完整创建一个被观察者,同时也是创建被观察者对象最基本的操作符 create() 具体使用 / ** * 1. 通过creat()创建被观察者 Observable 对象 */ Observable<Integer> observable = Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<Integer>() { // 传入参数: OnSubscribe 对象 // 当 Observable 被订阅时,OnSubscribe 的 call() 方法会自动被调用,即事件序列就会依照设定依次被触发 // 即观察者会依次调用对应事件的复写方法从而响应事件 // 从而实现由被观察者向观察者的事件传递 & 被观察者调用了观察者的回调方法 ,即观察者模式 / ** * 2. 在复写的subscribe()里定义需要发送的事件 */ @Override public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<Integer> emitter) throws Exception { // 通过 ObservableEmitter类对象 产生 & 发送事件 // ObservableEmitter类介绍 // a. 定义:事件发射器 // b. 作用:定义需要发送的事件 & 向观察者发送事件 // 注:建议发送事件前检查观察者的isUnsubscribed状态,以便在没有观察者时,让Observable停止发射数据 if (!observer.isUnsubscribed()) { emitter.onNext(1); emitter.onNext(2); emitter.onNext(3); } emitter.onComplete(); } }); // 至此,一个完整的被观察者对象(Observable)就创建完毕了。 但是在使用的时候一般采用链式方式 // 1. 通过creat()创建被观察者对象 Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<Integer>() { // 2. 在复写的subscribe()里定义需要发送的事件 @Override public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<Integer> emitter) throws Exception { emitter.onNext(1); emitter.onNext(2); emitter.onNext(3); emitter.onComplete(); } // 至此,一个被观察者对象(Observable)就创建完毕 }).subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { // 以下步骤仅为展示一个完整demo,可以忽略 // 3. 通过通过订阅(subscribe)连接观察者和被观察者 // 4. 创建观察者 & 定义响应事件的行为 @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } // 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }); } 结果
just() 快速创建1个被观察者对象(Observable),直接发送 传入的事件 最多只能传10个参数 具体使用: // 1. 创建时传入整型1、2、3、4 // 在创建后就会发送这些对象,相当于执行了onNext(1)、onNext(2)、onNext(3)、onNext(4) Observable.just(1, 2, 3,4) // 至此,一个Observable对象创建完毕,以下步骤仅为展示一个完整demo,可以忽略 // 2. 通过通过订阅(subscribe)连接观察者和被观察者 // 3. 创建观察者 & 定义响应事件的行为 .subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } // 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }); } 结果:
fromArray() 快速创建1个被观察者对象(Observable),直接发送 传入的数组数据 会将数组中的数据转换为Observable对象 具体使用: // 1. 设置需要传入的数组 Integer[] items = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 }; // 2. 创建被观察者对象(Observable)时传入数组 // 在创建后就会将该数组转换成Observable & 发送该对象中的所有数据 Observable.fromArray(items) .subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }); } // 注: // 可发送10个以上参数 // 若直接传递一个list集合进去,否则会直接把list当做一个数据元素发送 /* * 数组遍历 **/ // 1. 设置需要传入的数组 Integer[] items = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 }; // 2. 创建被观察者对象(Observable)时传入数组 // 在创建后就会将该数组转换成Observable & 发送该对象中的所有数据 Observable.fromArray(items) .subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "数组遍历"); } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "数组中的元素 = "+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "遍历结束"); } }); 结果:
fromIterable() 快速创建1个被观察者对象(Observable),直接发送 传入的集合List数据 会将数组中的数据转换为Observable对象 具体实现 /* * 快速发送集合 **/ // 1. 设置一个集合 List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(1); list.add(2); list.add(3); // 2. 通过fromIterable()将集合中的对象 / 数据发送出去 Observable.fromIterable(list) .subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }); /* * 集合遍历 **/ // 1. 设置一个集合 List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(1); list.add(2); list.add(3); // 2. 通过fromIterable()将集合中的对象 / 数据发送出去 Observable.fromIterable(list) .subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "集合遍历"); } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "集合中的数据元素 = "+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "遍历结束"); } }); 结果:
其他 // 下列方法一般用于测试使用 <-- empty() --> // 该方法创建的被观察者对象发送事件的特点:仅发送Complete事件,直接通知完成 Observable observable1=Observable.empty(); // 即观察者接收后会直接调用onCompleted() <-- error() --> // 该方法创建的被观察者对象发送事件的特点:仅发送Error事件,直接通知异常 // 可自定义异常 Observable observable2=Observable.error(new RuntimeException()) // 即观察者接收后会直接调用onError() <-- never() --> // 该方法创建的被观察者对象发送事件的特点:不发送任何事件 Observable observable3=Observable.never(); // 即观察者接收后什么都不调用 延迟创建 使用场景: 1. 定时操作:在经过了x秒后,需要自动执行y操作 2. 周期性操作:每隔x秒后,需要自动执行y操作 defer() 作用: 直到有观察者(Observer )订阅时,才动态创建被观察者对象(Observable) & 发送事件 通过 Observable工厂方法创建被观察者对象(Observable) 每次订阅后,都会得到一个刚创建的最新的Observable对象,这可以确保Observable对象里的数据是最新的 具体使用: <-- 1. 第1次对i赋值 ->> Integer i = 10; // 2. 通过defer 定义被观察者对象 // 注:此时被观察者对象还没创建 Observable<Integer> observable = Observable.defer(new Callable<ObservableSource<? extends Integer>>() { @Override public ObservableSource<? extends Integer> call() throws Exception { return Observable.just(i); } }); <-- 2. 第2次对i赋值 ->> i = 15; <-- 3. 观察者开始订阅 ->> // 注:此时,才会调用defer()创建被观察者对象(Observable) observable.subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到的整数是"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }); 结果: 因为是在订阅时才创建,所以i值会取第2次的赋值
timer() 快速创建1个被观察者对象(Observable) 发送事件的特点:延迟指定时间后,发送1个数值0(Long类型) 本质 = 延迟指定时间后,调用一次 onNext(0) 具体使用: // 该例子 = 延迟2s后,发送一个long类型数值 Observable.timer(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS) .subscribe(new Observer<Long>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } @Override public void onNext(Long value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }); // 注:timer操作符默认运行在一个新线程上 // 也可自定义线程调度器(第3个参数):timer(long,TimeUnit,Scheduler) 结果
interval() 快速创建1个被观察者对象(Observable) 发送事件的特点:每隔指定时间 就发送 事件 发送的事件序列 = 从0开始、无限递增1的的整数序列 具体实现 // 参数说明: // 参数1 = 第1次延迟时间; // 参数2 = 间隔时间数字; // 参数3 = 时间单位; Observable.interval(3,1,TimeUnit.SECONDS) // 该例子发送的事件序列特点:延迟3s后发送事件,每隔1秒产生1个数字(从0开始递增1,无限个) .subscribe(new Observer<Long>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } // 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Long value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }); // 注:interval默认在computation调度器上执行 // 也可自定义指定线程调度器(第3个参数):interval(long,TimeUnit,Scheduler) 结果:
intervalRange() 快速创建1个被观察者对象(Observable) 发送事件的特点:每隔指定时间 就发送 事件,可指定发送的数据的数量 a. 发送的事件序列 = 从0开始、无限递增1的的整数序列 b. 作用类似于interval(),但可指定发送的数据的数量 具体实现 // 参数说明: // 参数1 = 事件序列起始点; // 参数2 = 事件数量; // 参数3 = 第1次事件延迟发送时间; // 参数4 = 间隔时间数字; // 参数5 = 时间单位 Observable.intervalRange(3,10,2, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS) // 该例子发送的事件序列特点: // 1. 从3开始,一共发送10个事件; // 2. 第1次延迟2s发送,之后每隔2秒产生1个数字(从0开始递增1,无限个) .subscribe(new Observer<Long>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } // 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Long value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }); 结果:
range() 快速创建1个被观察者对象(Observable) 发送事件的特点:连续发送 1个事件序列,可指定范围 a. 发送的事件序列 = 从0开始、无限递增1的的整数序列 b. 作用类似于intervalRange(),但区别在于:无延迟发送事件 具体实现: // 参数说明: // 参数1 = 事件序列起始点; // 参数2 = 事件数量; // 注:若设置为负数,则会抛出异常 Observable.range(3,10) // 该例子发送的事件序列特点:从3开始发送,每次发送事件递增1,一共发送10个事件 .subscribe(new Observer<Integer>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { Log.d(TAG, "开始采用subscribe连接"); } // 默认最先调用复写的 onSubscribe() @Override public void onNext(Integer value) { Log.d(TAG, "接收到了事件"+ value ); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { Log.d(TAG, "对Error事件作出响应"); } @Override public void onComplete() { Log.d(TAG, "对Complete事件作出响应"); } }); 结果:
rangeLong() 作用:类似于range(),区别在于该方法支持数据类型 = Long 具体使用与range()类似,此处不作过多描述 最后的总结:
一个例子: 1. 添加依赖 // Android 支持 Rxjava // 此处一定要注意使用RxJava2的版本 compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.0.1' compile 'io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1' // Android 支持 Retrofit compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.1.0' // 衔接 Retrofit & RxJava // 此处一定要注意使用RxJava2的版本 compile 'com.jakewharton.retrofit:retrofit2-rxjava2-adapter:1.0.0' // 支持Gson解析 compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.1.0' compile 'com.orhanobut:logger:2.1.1' 创建实体类 package com.paulniu.rxjavademo; import java.util.List; /** * Created by niupule on 2017/12/30. */ public class MovieBean { /** * count : 20 * start : 0 * total : 25 * subjects : 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* collect_count : 10595 * original_title : 妖铃铃 * subtype : movie * directors : [{"alt":"https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1127819/","avatars":{"small":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","large":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","medium":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp"},"name":"吴君如","id":"1127819"}] * year : 2017 * images : {"small":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp","large":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp","medium":"https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp"} * alt : https://movie.douban.com/subject/26966580/ * id : 26966580 */ private RatingBean rating; private String title; private int collect_count; private String original_title; private String subtype; private String year; private ImagesBean images; private String alt; private String id; private List<String> genres; private List<CastsBean> casts; private List<DirectorsBean> directors; public RatingBean getRating() { return rating; } public void setRating(RatingBean rating) { this.rating = rating; } public String getTitle() { return title; } public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; } public int getCollect_count() { return collect_count; } public void setCollect_count(int collect_count) { this.collect_count = collect_count; } public String getOriginal_title() { return original_title; } public void setOriginal_title(String original_title) { this.original_title = original_title; } public String getSubtype() { return subtype; } public void setSubtype(String subtype) { this.subtype = subtype; } public String getYear() { return year; } public void setYear(String year) { this.year = year; } public ImagesBean getImages() { return images; } public void setImages(ImagesBean images) { this.images = images; } public String getAlt() { return alt; } public void setAlt(String alt) { this.alt = alt; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public List<String> getGenres() { return genres; } public void setGenres(List<String> genres) { this.genres = genres; } public List<CastsBean> getCasts() { return casts; } public void setCasts(List<CastsBean> casts) { this.casts = casts; } public List<DirectorsBean> getDirectors() { return directors; } public void setDirectors(List<DirectorsBean> directors) { this.directors = directors; } public static class RatingBean { /** * max : 10 * average : 4.9 * stars : 25 * min : 0 */ private int max; private double average; private String stars; private int min; public int getMax() { return max; } public void setMax(int max) { this.max = max; } public double getAverage() { return average; } public void setAverage(double average) { this.average = average; } public String getStars() { return stars; } public void setStars(String stars) { this.stars = stars; } public int getMin() { return min; } public void setMin(int min) { this.min = min; } } public static class ImagesBean { /** * small : https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp * large : https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp * medium : https://img3.doubanio.com/view/photo/s_ratio_poster/public/p2506825662.webp */ private String small; private String large; private String medium; public String getSmall() { return small; } public void setSmall(String small) { this.small = small; } public String getLarge() { return large; } public void setLarge(String large) { this.large = large; } public String getMedium() { return medium; } public void setMedium(String medium) { this.medium = medium; } } public static class CastsBean { /** * alt : https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1127819/ * avatars : {"small":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","large":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","medium":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp"} * name : 吴君如 * id : 1127819 */ private String alt; private AvatarsBean avatars; private String name; private String id; public String getAlt() { return alt; } public void setAlt(String alt) { this.alt = alt; } public AvatarsBean getAvatars() { return avatars; } public void setAvatars(AvatarsBean avatars) { this.avatars = avatars; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public static class AvatarsBean { /** * small : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp * large : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp * medium : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp */ private String small; private String large; private String medium; public String getSmall() { return small; } public void setSmall(String small) { this.small = small; } public String getLarge() { return large; } public void setLarge(String large) { this.large = large; } public String getMedium() { return medium; } public void setMedium(String medium) { this.medium = medium; } } } public static class DirectorsBean { /** * alt : https://movie.douban.com/celebrity/1127819/ * avatars : {"small":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","large":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp","medium":"https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp"} * name : 吴君如 * id : 1127819 */ private String alt; private AvatarsBeanX avatars; private String name; private String id; public String getAlt() { return alt; } public void setAlt(String alt) { this.alt = alt; } public AvatarsBeanX getAvatars() { return avatars; } public void setAvatars(AvatarsBeanX avatars) { this.avatars = avatars; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public static class AvatarsBeanX { /** * small : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp * large : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp * medium : https://img1.doubanio.com/view/celebrity/s_ratio_celebrity/public/p45539.webp */ private String small; private String large; private String medium; public String getSmall() { return small; } public void setSmall(String small) { this.small = small; } public String getLarge() { return large; } public void setLarge(String large) { this.large = large; } public String getMedium() { return medium; } public void setMedium(String medium) { this.medium = medium; } } } } } 使用的是豆瓣电影API,直接用Gsonformat,内容比较多 3. 创建描述网络请求的接口 package com.paulniu.rxjavademo; import io.reactivex.Observable; import retrofit2.http.GET; /** * Created by niupule on 2017/12/30. */ public interface GerRequest_Interface { @GET("v2/movie/in_theaters") Observable<MovieBean> getCall(); // 注解里传入 网络请求 的部分URL地址 // Retrofit把网络请求的URL分成了两部分:一部分放在Retrofit对象里,另一部分放在网络请求接口里 // 如果接口里的url是一个完整的网址,那么放在Retrofit对象里的URL可以忽略 // 采用Observable<...>接口 // getCall()是接受网络请求数据的方法 } 在Activity中实现 package com.paulniu.rxjavademo; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.annotation.Nullable; import android.util.Log; import android.widget.ListView; import com.jakewharton.retrofit2.adapter.rxjava2.RxJava2CallAdapterFactory; import com.orhanobut.logger.AndroidLogAdapter; import com.orhanobut.logger.Logger; import io.reactivex.Observable; import io.reactivex.ObservableEmitter; import io.reactivex.ObservableOnSubscribe; import io.reactivex.Observer; import io.reactivex.Scheduler; import io.reactivex.android.schedulers.AndroidSchedulers; import io.reactivex.disposables.Disposable; import io.reactivex.functions.Consumer; import io.reactivex.schedulers.Schedulers; import retrofit2.Retrofit; import retrofit2.converter.gson.GsonConverterFactory; /** * Created by niupule on 2017/12/30. */ public class RxJava_Douban extends Activity { private ListView listview; public static final String TAG = "RxJava_Douban"; @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.rxjava_douban); listview = findViewById(R.id.listview); Logger.addLogAdapter(new AndroidLogAdapter()); getData(); } private void getData() { /** * 通过RxJava发送网络请求 */ Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder() .baseUrl("https://api.douban.com/") .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create()) .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJava2CallAdapterFactory.create()) .build(); GerRequest_Interface request = retrofit.create(GerRequest_Interface.class); Observable<MovieBean> call = request.getCall(); call.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) .subscribe(new Observer<MovieBean>() { @Override public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) { } @Override public void onNext(MovieBean value) { //获取服务器返回数据 Logger.d("hello"); Logger.d(value.getSubjects().size()); } @Override public void onError(Throwable e) { } @Override public void onComplete() { } }); } } 暂时先写这么多,后面关于别的内容,以后再补充 代码实例 参考资料 轻易&易懂的RxJava入门 RxJava基础操作符-创建操作符 给初学者的RxJava教程 功能强大的Logger [RxJava中文文档] (https://mcxiaoke.gitbooks.io/rxdocs/content/)