第十一章·Filebeat-使用Filebeat收集日志
Filebeat介绍及部署
| Filebeat介绍 |
Filebeat附带预构建的模块，这些模块包含收集、解析、充实和可视化各种日志文件格式数据所需的配置，每个Filebeat模块由一个或多个文件集组成，这些文件集包含摄取节点管道、Elasticsearch模板、Filebeat勘探者配置和Kibana仪表盘。
Filebeat模块很好的入门，它是轻量级单用途的日志收集工具，用于在没有安装java的服务器上专门收集日志，可以将日志转发到logstash、elasticsearch或redis等场景中进行下一步处理。
| Filebeat和Logstash使用内存对比 |
Logstash内存占用
[root@elkstack03 ~]# ps -ef | grep -v grep | grep logstash | awk '{print $2}'
12628
[root@elkstack03 ~]# cat /proc/12628/status | grep -i vm
VmPeak: 6252788 kB
VmSize: 6189252 kB
VmLck: 0 kB
VmHWM: 661168 kB
VmRSS: 661168 kB
VmData: 6027136 kB
VmStk: 88 kB
VmExe: 4 kB
VmLib: 16648 kB
VmPTE: 1888 kB
VmSwap: 0 kB
Filebeat内存占用
[root@test ~]# cat /proc/12750/status /proc/12751/status | grep -i vm
VmPeak: 11388 kB
VmSize: 11388 kB
VmLck: 0 kB
VmHWM: 232 kB
VmRSS: 232 kB
VmData: 10424 kB
VmStk: 88 kB
VmExe: 864 kB
VmLib: 0 kB
VmPTE: 16 kB
VmSwap: 0 kB
VmPeak: 25124 kB
VmSize: 25124 kB
VmLck: 0 kB
VmHWM: 15144 kB
VmRSS: 15144 kB
VmData: 15496 kB
VmStk: 88 kB
VmExe: 4796 kB
VmLib: 0 kB
VmPTE: 68 kB
VmSwap: 0 kB
| Filebeat部署 |
官方文档:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/beats/filebeat/current/filebeat-configuration-details.html
官网下载地址:https://www.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat
#下载Filebeat安装包
[root@elkstack03 ~]# wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-5.3.2-x86_64.rpm
#安装Filebeat
[root@elkstack03 ~]# yum localinstall -y filebeat-5.3.2-x86_64.rpm
Filebeat收集单类型日志到本地文件
| 配置Filebeat |
#编辑Filebeat配置文件
[root@elkstack03 ~]# vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
filebeat.prospectors:
- input_type: log
paths:
- /usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.log
#不收集的行
exclude_lines: ["^DBG","^$"]
#日志类型
document_type: ngx_log
output.file:
path: "/tmp"
filename: "zls_filebeat.txt"
#启动Filebeat(CentOS6)
[root@elkstack03 ~]# /etc/init.d/filebeat start
#启动Filebeat(CentOS7)
[root@elkstack03 ~]# systemctl start filebeat
#检测进程
[root@elkstack03 ~]# ps -ef|grep filebeat
root 10881 1 0 01:06 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/share/filebeat/bin/filebeat-god -r / -n -p /var/run/filebeat.pid -- /usr/share/filebeat/bin/filebeat -c /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml -path.home /usr/share/filebeat -path.config /etc/filebeat -path.data /var/lib/filebeat -path.logs /var/log/filebeat
root 10882 10881 0 01:06 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/share/filebeat/bin/filebeat -c /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml -path.home /usr/share/filebeat -path.config /etc/filebeat -path.data /var/lib/filebeat -path.logs /var/log/filebeat

| 检测本地数据文件 |
#查看本地/tmp目录下内容
[root@elkstack03 ~]# ll /tmp/
总用量 8
-rw------- 1 root root 143953 4月 9 01:06 zls_filebeat.txt
#查看日志内容
[root@elkstack03 ~]# cat /tmp/zls_filebeat.txt
{"@timestamp":"2019-04-08T17:06:09.591Z","beat":{"hostname":"elkstack03","name":"elkstack03","version":"5.3.2"},"input_type":"log","message":"{\"@timestamp\":\"2019-04-08T10:47:41+08:00\",\"host\":\"10.0.0.53\",\"clientip\":\"10.0.0.1\",\"size\":0,\"responsetime\":0.000,\"upstreamtime\":\"-\",\"upstreamhost\":\"-\",\"http_host\":\"10.0.0.53\",\"url\":\"/index.html\",\"domain\":\"10.0.0.53\",\"xff\":\"-\",\"referer\":\"-\",\"status\":\"304\"}","offset":256,"source":"/usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.log","type":"ngx_log"}
{"@timestamp":"2019-04-08T17:06:09.591Z","beat":{"hostname":"elkstack03","name":"elkstack03","version":"5.3.2"},"input_type":"log","message":"{\"@timestamp\":\"2019-04-08T10:47:42+08:00\",\"host\":\"10.0.0.53\",\"clientip\":\"10.0.0.1\",\"size\":0,\"responsetime\":0.000,\"upstreamtime\":\"-\",\"upstreamhost\":\"-\",\"http_host\":\"10.0.0.53\",\"url\":\"/index.html\",\"domain\":\"10.0.0.53\",\"xff\":\"-\",\"referer\":\"-\",\"status\":\"304\"}","offset":512,"source":"/usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.log","type":"ngx_log"}

Filebeat收集单类型多个日志到Logstash
| 配置Filebeat |
#编辑Filebeat配置文件
[root@elkstack03 ~]# vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
filebeat.prospectors:
- input_type: log
paths:
- /usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.log
- /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log
exclude_lines: ["^DBG","^$"]
document_type: ngx_zls
output.logstash:
#logstash 服务器地址，可以是多个
hosts: ["10.0.0.53:6666"]
#是否开启输出至logstash，默认即为true
enabled: true
#工作线程数
worker: 1
#压缩级别
compression_level: 3
#多个输出的时候开启负载
# loadbalance: true
#重启Filebeat
[root@elkstack03 ~]# /etc/init.d/filebeat stop
Stopping filebeat: [确定]
[root@elkstack03 ~]# rm -f /var/lib/filebeat/registry
[root@elkstack03 ~]# /etc/init.d/filebeat start
| 配置Logstash输出到ES |
#进入Logstash配置文件目录
[root@elkstack03 ~]# cd /etc/logstash/conf.d/
#编辑Logstash配置文件
[root@elkstack03 conf.d]# vim beats.conf
input {
beats {
port => 6666
codec => "json"
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
index => "%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
#启动Logstash
[root@elkstack03 conf.d]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/beats.conf &
| 验证数据 |
打开浏览器，访问：http://10.0.0.51:9100/

Filebeat收集单类型多个日志到Redis
| 配置Filebeat |
#编辑Filebeat配置文件
[root@elkstack03 ~]# vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
filebeat.prospectors:
- input_type: log
paths:
- /usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.log
- /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log
#不收集的行
exclude_lines: ["^DBG","^$"]
#日志类型
document_type: www.driverzeng.com
output.redis:
hosts: ["10.0.0.54:6379"]
#Redis中的key名称
key: "nginx"
#使用1库
db: 0
#设置超时时间
timeout: 5
#redis密码
password: zls
#重启Filebeat
[root@elkstack03 ~]# /etc/init.d/filebeat stop
Stopping filebeat: [确定]
[root@elkstack03 ~]# rm -f /var/lib/filebeat/registry
[root@elkstack03 ~]# /etc/init.d/filebeat start
| 登录Redis验证数据 |
#登录Redis
[root@elkstack04 ~]# redis-cli -a zls
#查看所有key
127.0.0.1:6379> KEYS *
1) "nginx"
#查看nginx key长度
127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN nginx
(integer) 218
#取出一条日志
127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP nginx
"{\"@timestamp\":\"2019-04-08T17:40:14.675Z\",\"beat\":{\"hostname\":\"elkstack03\",\"name\":\"elkstack03\",\"version\":\"5.3.2\"},\"input_type\":\"log\",\"message\":\"10.0.0.1 - - [08/Apr/2019:10:29:11 +0800] \\\"GET / HTTP/1.1\\\" 404 571 \\\"-\\\" \\\"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36\\\"\",\"offset\":194,\"source\":\"/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log\",\"type\":\"www.driverzeng.com\"}"

Filebeat收集多类型日志到Redis
| 配置Filebeat |
#修改Filebeat配置文件
[root@elkstack03 conf.d]# vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
filebeat.prospectors:
- input_type: log
paths:
- /usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.log
#不收集的行
exclude_lines: ["^DBG","^$"]
#日志类型
document_type: ngx_log
- input_type: log
paths:
- /usr/local/tomcat/logs/tomcat_access_log.*.log
#不收集的行
exclude_lines: ["^DBG","^$"]
#日志类型
document_type: tc_log
output.redis:
hosts: ["10.0.0.54:6379"]
#Redis中的key名称
key: "tomcat_nginx"
#使用1库
db: 1
#设置超时时间
timeout: 5
#redis密码
password: zls
#重启Filebeat
[root@elkstack03 ~]# /etc/init.d/filebeat stop
Stopping filebeat: [确定]
[root@elkstack03 ~]# rm -f /var/lib/filebeat/registry
[root@elkstack03 ~]# /etc/init.d/filebeat start
| 登录Redis验证数据 |
#登录Redis
[root@elkstack04 ~]# redis-cli -a zls
#切换成1库
127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 1
OK
#查看所有key
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> KEYS *
1) "tomcat_nginx"
#查看key长度
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LLEN tomcat_nginx
(integer) 7
#取出日志
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LPOP tomcat_nginx
"{\"@timestamp\":\"2019-04-08T17:50:48.599Z\",\"beat\":{\"hostname\":\"elkstack03\",\"name\":\"elkstack03\",\"version\":\"5.3.2\"},\"input_type\":\"log\",\"message\":\"{\\\"@timestamp\\\":\\\"2019-04-09T01:50:47+08:00\\\",\\\"host\\\":\\\"10.0.0.53\\\",\\\"clientip\\\":\\\"10.0.0.53\\\",\\\"size\\\":0,\\\"responsetime\\\":0.000,\\\"upstreamtime\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"upstreamhost\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"http_host\\\":\\\"www.elk.com\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"/index.html\\\",\\\"domain\\\":\\\"www.elk.com\\\",\\\"xff\\\":\\\"10.0.0.1\\\",\\\"referer\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"status\\\":\\\"304\\\"}\",\"offset\":25894,\"source\":\"/usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.log\",\"type\":\"ngx_log\"}"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LPOP tomcat_nginx
"{\"@timestamp\":\"2019-04-08T17:50:48.599Z\",\"beat\":{\"hostname\":\"elkstack03\",\"name\":\"elkstack03\",\"version\":\"5.3.2\"},\"input_type\":\"log\",\"message\":\"{\\\"@timestamp\\\":\\\"2019-04-09T01:50:47+08:00\\\",\\\"host\\\":\\\"10.0.0.53\\\",\\\"clientip\\\":\\\"10.0.0.53\\\",\\\"size\\\":0,\\\"responsetime\\\":0.000,\\\"upstreamtime\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"upstreamhost\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"http_host\\\":\\\"www.elk.com\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"/index.html\\\",\\\"domain\\\":\\\"www.elk.com\\\",\\\"xff\\\":\\\"10.0.0.1\\\",\\\"referer\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"status\\\":\\\"304\\\"}\",\"offset\":26162,\"source\":\"/usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.log\",\"type\":\"ngx_log\"}"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LPOP tomcat_nginx
"{\"@timestamp\":\"2019-04-08T17:50:48.599Z\",\"beat\":{\"hostname\":\"elkstack03\",\"name\":\"elkstack03\",\"version\":\"5.3.2\"},\"input_type\":\"log\",\"message\":\"{\\\"@timestamp\\\":\\\"2019-04-09T01:50:47+08:00\\\",\\\"host\\\":\\\"10.0.0.53\\\",\\\"clientip\\\":\\\"10.0.0.53\\\",\\\"size\\\":0,\\\"responsetime\\\":0.000,\\\"upstreamtime\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"upstreamhost\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"http_host\\\":\\\"www.elk.com\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"/index.html\\\",\\\"domain\\\":\\\"www.elk.com\\\",\\\"xff\\\":\\\"10.0.0.1\\\",\\\"referer\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"status\\\":\\\"304\\\"}\",\"offset\":26430,\"source\":\"/usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.log\",\"type\":\"ngx_log\"}"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LPOP tomcat_nginx
"{\"@timestamp\":\"2019-04-08T17:50:58.601Z\",\"beat\":{\"hostname\":\"elkstack03\",\"name\":\"elkstack03\",\"version\":\"5.3.2\"},\"input_type\":\"log\",\"message\":\"{\\\"clientip\\\":\\\"10.0.0.53\\\",\\\"ClientUser\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"authenticated\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"AccessTime\\\":\\\"[09/Apr/2019:01:50:49 +0800]\\\",\\\"method\\\":\\\"GET / HTTP/1.1\\\",\\\"status\\\":\\\"304\\\",\\\"SendBytes\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"Query?string\\\":\\\"\\\",\\\"partner\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"AgentVersion\\\":\\\"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36\\\"}\",\"offset\":6328,\"source\":\"/usr/local/tomcat/logs/tomcat_access_log.2019-04-09.log\",\"type\":\"tc_log\"}"
127.0.0.1:6379[1]> LPOP tomcat_nginx
"{\"@timestamp\":\"2019-04-08T17:50:58.601Z\",\"beat\":{\"hostname\":\"elkstack03\",\"name\":\"elkstack03\",\"version\":\"5.3.2\"},\"input_type\":\"log\",\"message\":\"{\\\"clientip\\\":\\\"10.0.0.53\\\",\\\"ClientUser\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"authenticated\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"AccessTime\\\":\\\"[09/Apr/2019:01:50:49 +0800]\\\",\\\"method\\\":\\\"GET / HTTP/1.1\\\",\\\"status\\\":\\\"304\\\",\\\"SendBytes\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"Query?string\\\":\\\"\\\",\\\"partner\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"AgentVersion\\\":\\\"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/73.0.3683.86 Safari/537.36\\\"}\",\"offset\":6661,\"source\":\"/usr/local/tomcat/logs/tomcat_access_log.2019-04-09.log\",\"type\":\"tc_log\"}"
看的出来，tomcat日志和nginx日志都在一个key中

那么有人会问了，都在一个key中，日志不就混乱了么？我们该如何查看日志呢？接下来我们就来解决这个问题。
| 使用Logstash将beat放入redis的数据输出到ES |
#进入Logstash配置文件目录
[root@elkstack03 ~]# cd /etc/logstash/conf.d/
#编辑Logstash配置文件
[root@elkstack03 conf.d]# vim beats_redis_es.conf
input {
redis {
host => "10.0.0.54"
port => "6379"
db => "1"
key => "tomcat_nginx"
data_type => "list"
password => "zls"
codec => "json"
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
index => "%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
#启动Logstash
[root@elkstack03 conf.d]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/beats_redis_es.conf &
| 验证数据 |
打开浏览器，访问：http://10.0.0.51:9100/

可以看到，我们通过Logstash利用type将日志区分开，分别输出到ES中，虽然在Redis中没有区分开，但是最终在ES中区分开了，那么添加到Kibana中，同样是两个日志。
Filebeat收集多类型日志输出到多个目标
| 配置Filebeat |
我们将nginx日志 tomcat日志同时输出到Redis和本地文件中
[root@elkstack03 conf.d]# vim /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
filebeat.prospectors:
- input_type: log
paths:
- /usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.log
#不收集的行
exclude_lines: ["^DBG","^$"]
#日志类型
document_type: ngx_log
- input_type: log
paths:
- /usr/local/tomcat/logs/tomcat_access_log.*.log
#不收集的行
exclude_lines: ["^DBG","^$"]
#日志类型
document_type: tc_log
output.redis:
#redis 服务器地址，可以是多个
hosts: ["10.0.0.54:6379"]
key: "tn"
db: 2
timeout: 5
password: zls
output.file:
path: "/tmp"
filename: "zls.txt"
#工作线程数
worker: 1
#压缩级别
compression_level: 3
#多个输出的时候开启负载
loadbalance: true
#重启Filebeat
[root@elkstack03 ~]# /etc/init.d/filebeat stop
Stopping filebeat: [确定]
[root@elkstack03 ~]# rm -f /var/lib/filebeat/registry
[root@elkstack03 ~]# /etc/init.d/filebeat start
| 验证Redis数据和本地文件数据 |
#登录redis
[root@elkstack04 ~]# redis-cli -a zls
#切换2库
127.0.0.1:6379> SELECT 2
OK
#查看所有key
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> KEYS *
1) "tn"
#查看key长度
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> LLEN tn
(integer) 260
#取出日志
127.0.0.1:6379[2]> LPOP tn
"{\"@timestamp\":\"2019-04-08T18:47:12.133Z\",\"beat\":{\"hostname\":\"elkstack03\",\"name\":\"elkstack03\",\"version\":\"5.3.2\"},\"input_type\":\"log\",\"message\":\"{\\\"@timestamp\\\":\\\"2019-04-08T10:47:41+08:00\\\",\\\"host\\\":\\\"10.0.0.53\\\",\\\"clientip\\\":\\\"10.0.0.1\\\",\\\"size\\\":0,\\\"responsetime\\\":0.000,\\\"upstreamtime\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"upstreamhost\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"http_host\\\":\\\"10.0.0.53\\\",\\\"url\\\":\\\"/index.html\\\",\\\"domain\\\":\\\"10.0.0.53\\\",\\\"xff\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"referer\\\":\\\"-\\\",\\\"status\\\":\\\"304\\\"}\",\"offset\":256,\"source\":\"/usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.log\",\"type\":\"ngx_log\"}"

#进入tmp目录
[root@elkstack03 conf.d]# cd /tmp/
#查看文件是否生成
[root@elkstack03 tmp]# ll
总用量 2284
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月 9 02:20 hsperfdata_root
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 638 4月 9 01:35 keyutil_example.com_5881860801300609526.crt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 910 4月 9 01:35 keyutil_example.com_672012091508350129.key
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2010104 4月 9 01:35 libnetty-tcnative-linux-x86_647457201629343237428.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 702 3月 30 23:05 message2_2019.03.30.log
srwxrwxrwx 1 mysql mysql 0 3月 8 06:28 mysql.sock
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2523 3月 31 01:39 secure_2019.03.30.log
-rw------- 1 root root 148281 4月 9 01:06 zls_filebeat.txt
-rw------- 1 root root 154598 4月 9 02:47 zls.txt
#查看文件内容
[root@elkstack03 tmp]# cat zls.txt
{"@timestamp":"2019-04-08T18:47:12.133Z","beat":{"hostname":"elkstack03","name":"elkstack03","version":"5.3.2"},"input_type":"log","message":"{\"@timestamp\":\"2019-04-08T10:47:41+08:00\",\"host\":\"10.0.0.53\",\"clientip\":\"10.0.0.1\",\"size\":0,\"responsetime\":0.000,\"upstreamtime\":\"-\",\"upstreamhost\":\"-\",\"http_host\":\"10.0.0.53\",\"url\":\"/index.html\",\"domain\":\"10.0.0.53\",\"xff\":\"-\",\"referer\":\"-\",\"status\":\"304\"}","offset":256,"source":"/usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.log","type":"ngx_log"}
{"@timestamp":"2019-04-08T18:47:12.133Z","beat":{"hostname":"elkstack03","name":"elkstack03","version":"5.3.2"},"input_type":"log","message":"{\"@timestamp\":\"2019-04-08T10:47:42+08:00\",\"host\":\"10.0.0.53\",\"clientip\":\"10.0.0.1\",\"size\":0,\"responsetime\":0.000,\"upstreamtime\":\"-\",\"upstreamhost\":\"-\",\"http_host\":\"10.0.0.53\",\"url\":\"/index.html\",\"domain\":\"10.0.0.53\",\"xff\":\"-\",\"referer\":\"-\",\"status\":\"304\"}","offset":512,"source":"/usr/local/nginx/logs/access_json.log","type":"ngx_log"}
