Ansible-Playbook实战
一、Playbook 实战案例
1.准备环境
角色|外网IP(NAT)|内网IP(LAN)|部署软件
---|---|---|---|---
m01|eth0:10.0.0.61|eth1:172.16.1.61|ansible
ly-backup|eth0:10.0.0.101|eth1:172.16.1.101|rsync
ly-nfs|eth0:10.0.0.100|eth1:172.16.1.100|nfs、Sersync
ly-web01|eth0:10.0.0.102|eth1:172.16.1.102|httpd
2.配置ansible对应的主机
[root@m01 project2]# vim hosts
[web]
ly-web01 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.102
[nfs]
ly-nfs ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.100
[backup]
ly-backup ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.101
3.检查对应的主机组和规划的IP是否一致
[root@m01 project2]# ansible web --list-host -i hosts
hosts (1):
ly-web01
[root@m01 project2]# ansible nfs --list-host -i hosts
hosts (1):
ly-nfs
[root@m01 project2]# ansible backup --list-host -i hosts
hosts (1):
ly-backup
[root@m01 project2]# ansible all --list-host -i hosts
hosts (3):
ly-web01
ly-nfs
ly-backup
4.建立对应的目录站点，用于存放ansible-playbook文件
[root@m01 ~]# mkdir /project2/{ansible_playbook,file} -p
5.编写基础模块的palybook
0.基础仓库准备
1.安装rsync
2.安装nfs-utils
3.创建www用户指定uid、gid
4.准备rsync客户端密码文件
5.1.建立基础环境的yaml
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat base.yml
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: configure yum repos
yum_repository:
name: base
description: base yum repo
baseurl:
- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
- http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
- http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck: no
- name: configure yum repos
yum_repository:
name: epel
description: epel yum repo
baseurl: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/$basearch
gpgcheck: no
- name: Create www Group
group: name=www gid=666
- name: Create www User
user: name=www uid=666 group=666 shell=/sbin/nologin create_home=no
- name: create rsync client pass
copy: content='123456' dest=/etc/rsync.pass mode=0600
- name: Push backup scripts
copy: src=../files/clinet_push_rsync.sh dest=/server/scripts/
when: (ansible_hostname != "backup")
- name: Cron Tasks
cron: name=Rsync_Backup minute=00 hour=01 job='/bin/bash /server/scripts/clinet_push_rsync.sh &>/dev/null'
when: (ansible_hostname != "backup")
5.2.使用ansible-playbook检测语法, 并进行模拟执行
# 检测语法
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check base.yaml
playbook: base.yaml
# 模拟执行
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# ansible-playbook -C base.yaml
6.编写应用模块rsync的palybook
1.安装rsync
2.配置rsync
3.启动rsync
4.准备对应数据存储仓库/backup /data 授权为www
5.准备虚拟用户和密码文件，权限600
6.变更配置，重载服务
6.1.准备对应的配置文件存放至/project2/file/
[root@m01 file]# cat /project2/file/rsyncd.conf
uid = www
gid = www
port = 873
fake super = yes
use chroot = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 600
ignore errors
read only = false
list = false
auth users = rsync_backup
secrets file = /etc/rsync.passwd
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
#####################################
[backup]
path = /backup
[data]
path = /data
准备认证的虚拟用户文件
[root@m01 file]# cat rsync.passwd
rsync_backup:123456
6.2.编写rsync安装的的yml语法
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat rsync.yml
- hosts: ly-backup
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: Install Rsync Server
yum: name=rsync state=present
- name: Config Rsync Server
copy: src=../files/{{ item.src }} dest=/etc/{{ item.dest }} mode={{ item.mode }}
with_items:
- { src: "rsyncd.conf", dest: "rsyncd.conf", mode: "0644" }
- { src: "rsync.passwd", dest: "rsync.passwd", mode: "0600" }
notify:
- Restart Rsync Server
tags: conf_rsync
- name: Create Directory
file: name={{ item }} state=directory owner=www group=www recurse=yes
with_items:
- /data
- /backup
- name: Server Rsync Server
service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes
- name: Check Rsync Status
shell: netstat -lntp|grep rsync
register: Rsync_Status
- name: Out Rsync Status
debug: msg={{ Rsync_Status.stdout_lines }}
handlers:
- name: Restart Rsync Server
service: name=rsyncd state=restarted
7.编写应用模块nfs的palybook
1.安装nfs
2.配置nfs
3.启动nfs
4.准备对应数据存储仓库/data授权为www
5.变更配置，重载服务
7.1.准备nfs配置文件exports
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /project2/file/exports
{{ share_dir }} {{ share_ip }}(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid=666,anongid=666)
7.2.编写nfs安装与配置的yml
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /project2/ansible_playbook/nfs.yml
- hosts: ly-nfs
remote_user: root
vars:
share_dir: /data
share_ip: 172.16.1.0/24
tasks:
- name: Install NFS-Server
yum: name=nfs-utils state=present
- name: Configure NFS-Server
template: src=../files/exports dest=/etc/exports
notify: Restart Nfs Server
- name: Create Directory
file: name={{ share_dir }} state=directory owner=www group=www recurse=yes
- name: Start NFS-Server
service: name=nfs state=started enabled=yes
- name: Check Nfs Server
shell: cat /var/lib/nfs/etab
register: NFS_Status
- name: Out Nfs Server
debug: msg={{ NFS_Status.stdout_lines }}
handlers:
- name: Restart Nfs Server
service: name=nfs state=restarted
8.编写应用模块sersync的palybook
1.安装sersync
2.配置sersync
3.启动sersync
8.1.下载Sersync软件包
[root@m01 file]# ls
sersync2.5.4_64bit_binary_stable_final.tar.gz
8.2.准备sersync实时同步的配置文件
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /project2/file/confxml.xml.nfs
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<head version="2.5">
<host hostip="localhost" port="8008"></host>
<debug start="false"/>
<fileSystem xfs="true"/>
<filter start="false">
<exclude expression="(.*)\.svn"></exclude>
<exclude expression="(.*)\.gz"></exclude>
<exclude expression="^info/*"></exclude>
<exclude expression="^static/*"></exclude>
</filter>
<inotify>
<delete start="true"/>
<createFolder start="true"/>
<createFile start="true"/>
<closeWrite start="true"/>
<moveFrom start="true"/>
<moveTo start="true"/>
<attrib start="false"/>
<modify start="false"/>
</inotify>
<sersync>
<localpath watch="/data">
<remote ip="172.16.1.101" name="data"/>
</localpath>
<rsync>
<commonParams params="-az"/>
<auth start="true" users="rsync_backup" passwordfile="/etc/rsync.pass"/>
<userDefinedPort start="false" port="874"/><!-- port=874 -->
<timeout start="true" time="100"/><!-- timeout=100 -->
<ssh start="false"/>
</rsync>
<failLog path="/tmp/rsync_fail_log.sh" timeToExecute="60"/><!--default every 60mins execute once-->
<crontab start="false" schedule="600"><!--600mins-->
<crontabfilter start="false">
<exclude expression="*.php"></exclude>
<exclude expression="info/*"></exclude>
</crontabfilter>
</crontab>
<plugin start="false" name="command"/>
</sersync>
<plugin name="command">
<param prefix="/bin/sh" suffix="" ignoreError="true"/> <!--prefix /opt/tongbu/mmm.sh suffix-->
<filter start="false">
<include expression="(.*)\.php"/>
<include expression="(.*)\.sh"/>
</filter>
</plugin>
<plugin name="socket">
<localpath watch="/opt/tongbu">
<deshost ip="192.168.138.20" port="8009"/>
</localpath>
</plugin>
<plugin name="refreshCDN">
<localpath watch="/data0/htdocs/cms.xoyo.com/site/">
<cdninfo domainname="ccms.chinacache.com" port="80" username="xxxx" passwd="xxxx"/>
<sendurl base="http://pic.xoyo.com/cms"/>
<regexurl regex="false" match="cms.xoyo.com/site([/a-zA-Z0-9]*).xoyo.com/images"/>
</localpath>
</plugin>
</head>
8.3.编写sersync应用的yml
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat sersync.yml
- hosts: ly-nfs
tasks:
- name: Installed Sersync
copy: src=../file/sersync.tar.gz dest=/server/tools/
- name: Tar xf Sersync
shell: cd /server/tools/ && tar xf sersync.tar.gz && mv GNU-Linux-x86 /usr/local/sersync
args:
creates: /usr/local/sersync
- name: Config Sersync
copy: src=../file/confxml.xml.nfs dest=/usr/local/sersync/confxml.xml
- name: Service Start Sersync
shell: /usr/local/sersync/sersync2 -dro /usr/local/sersync/confxml.xml
9.编写web应用模块的palybook
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat web.yml
- hosts: ly-web
remote_user: root
vars:
remote_nfs_ip: 172.16.1.102
local_dir: /var/www/html/
http_port: 80
tasks:
- name: Installed Httpd Server
yum: name=httpd,php state=present
- name: Configure Httpd Server
template: src=../files/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify: Restart Httpd Server
- name: Start Httpd Server
service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
- name: Mount Nfs Server
mount: src={{remote_nfs_ip}}:/data path={{ local_dir }} fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted
- name: Push kaoshi.zip
unarchive: src=../files/kaoshi.zip dest={{ local_dir }}
handlers:
- name: Restart Httpd Server
service: name=httpd state=restarted
#httpd配置文件中引入变量的使用，所以在yml文件中需要提前定义
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat /project2/files/httpd.conf |grep "^Listen"
Listen {{ http_port }}
10.将所有编写好的yaml引入至一个文件中, 这样便于一次执行
[root@m01 ansible_playbook]# cat main.yml
- import_playbook: base.yml
- import_playbook: rsync.yml
- import_playbook: nfs.yml
- import_playbook: sersync.yml
- import_playbook: web.yml
11.测试
1.先测试web是否能同步数据至nfs存储
2.nfs是否实时同步至rsync的/data
3.使用客户端测试能否推送数据至rsync的backup
/project2/ansible_playbook下应该有的文件
/project2/file下应该有的文件
二、Playbook Roles
1.Playbook Roles
ansible roles 角色
适合大规模使用
playbook如果文件较多的情况，不清楚哪些主机执行了哪些状态的yml文件
roles能清楚哪些主机应用哪些角色
1.1.roles官方目录的结构，必须这么定义
[root@m01 roles]# mkdir {nfs,rsync,web}/{vars,tasks,templates,handlers,files} -p
[root@m01 roles]# tree
.
├── nfs #角色名称
│ ├── files #存放文件
│ ├── handlers #触发任务
│ ├── tasks #具体任务
│ ├── templates #模板文件
│ └── vars #存放变量
1.2.roles变量定义方式
1.在vars目录中创建一个main.yml定义
2.在roles目录下创建一个group_vars定义，可以是主机组的名称，也可以是all(所有)
2.Playbook Roles实战
2.1.使用roles创建Rsync服务, 目录结构如下
[root@m01 roles]# tree /etc/ansible/roles/
/etc/ansible/roles/
├── hosts
├── rsync
│ ├── files
│ │ ├── rsyncd.conf
│ │ └── rsync.passwd
│ ├── handlers
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── templates
│ └── vars
├── site.yml
2.2.定义roles主机清单
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/hosts
[backup]
172.16.1.41
2.3.指定backup主机组，执行那个roles
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/site.yml
- hosts: backup
remote_user: root
roles:
- rsync
2.4.查看rsync角色的tasks任务
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/rsync/tasks/main.yml
- name: Install Rsync Server
yum: name=rsync state=present
- name: Configure Rsync Server
copy: src={{ item.src }} dest=/etc/{{ item.dest }} mode={{ item.mode }}
with_items:
- {src: "rsyncd.conf", dest: "rsyncd.conf", mode: "0644"}
- {src: "rsync.passwd", dest: "rsync.passwd", mode: "0600"}
notify: Restart Rsync Server
- name: Start Rsync Server
service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes
2.5.查看rsync角色的handlers
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/rsync/handlers/main.yml
- name: Restart Rsync Server
service: name=rsyncd state=restarted
2.6.查看rsync角色的files目录
[root@m01 roles]# ll /etc/ansible/roles/rsync/files/
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 322 Nov 16 18:49 rsyncd.conf
-rw------- 1 root root 20 Nov 16 18:30 rsync.passwd
2.7.nfs对应的变量定义
[root@m01 roles]# cat /etc/ansible/roles/group_vars/all
#nfs
share_dir: /data
share_ip: 172.16.1.31
2.8.执行roles，使用-t指定执行nfs标签
[root@m01 roles]# ansible-playbook -i hosts -t nfs site.yml
PLAY [nfs] ********************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [nfs : Install Nfs-Server] ***********************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [nfs : Configure Nfs-Server] *********************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [nfs : Create Directory Data] ********************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
TASK [nfs : Start Nfs-Server] *************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.1.31]
PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************
172.16.1.31 : ok=5 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
