[转] 如何突破Windows系统单进程最大线程数2000的限制
这个问题的产生是因为windows32位系统，一个进程所能使用的最在虚拟内存为2G，而一个线程的默认StackSize为1024K（1M），这样当线程数量逼近2000时，2000*1024K=2G(大约），内存资源就相当于耗尽。
第一种方式：要求有windows2003SDK
Does Windows have a limit of 2000 threads per process?
Often I see people asking why they can't create more than around 2000 threads in a process. The reason is not that there is any particular limit inherent in Windows. Rather, the programmer failed to take into account the amount of address space each thread uses.
A thread consists of some memory in kernel mode (kernel stacks and object management), some memory in user mode (the thread environment block, thread-local storage, that sort of thing), plus its stack. (Or stacks if you're on an Itanium system.)
Usually, the limiting factor is the stack size.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <windows.h>
DWORD CALLBACK ThreadProc(void*)
{
Sleep(INFINITE);
return 0;
}
int __cdecl main(int argc, const char* argv[])
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 100000; i++)
{
DWORD id;
HANDLE h = CreateThread(NULL, 0, ThreadProc, NULL, 0, &id);
if (!h)
break;
CloseHandle(h);
}
printf("Created %d threads\n", i); return 0;
}
This program will typically print a value around 2000 for the number of threads.
Why does it give up at around 2000?
Because the default stack size assigned by the linker is 1MB, and 2000 stacks times 1MB per stack equals around 2GB, which is how much address space is available to user-mode programs.
You can try to squeeze more threads into your process by reducing your stack size, which can be done either by tweaking linker options or manually overriding the stack size passed to the CreateThread functions as described in MSDN.
HANDLE h = CreateThread(NULL, 4096, ThreadProc, NULL, STACK_SIZE_PARAM_IS_A_RESERVATION, &id);
With this change, I was able to squeak in around 13000 threads. While that's certainly better than 2000, it's short of the naive expectation of 500,000 threads. (A thread is using 4KB of stack in 2GB address space.) But you're forgetting the other overhead. Address space allocation granularity is 64KB, so each thread's stack occupies 64KB of address space even if only 4KB of it is used. Plus of course you don't have free reign over all 2GB of the address space; there are system DLLs and other things occupying it.
But the real question that is raised whenever somebody asks, "What's the maximum number of threads that a process can create?" is "Why are you creating so many threads that this even becomes an issue?"
The "one thread per client" model is well-known not to scale beyond a dozen clients or so. If you're going to be handling more than that many clients simultaneously, you should move to a model where instead of dedicating a thread to a client, you instead allocate an object. (Someday I'll muse on the duality between threads and objects.) Windows provides I/O completion ports and a thread pool to help you convert from a thread-based model to a work-item-based model.
Note that fibers do not help much here, because a fiber has a stack, and it is the address space required by the stack that is the limiting factor nearly all of the time.
第二种方式：增加连接参数
/Stack:reverse[,commit]
注意区别committed size和reserved size。
默认情况下(除非dwCreationFlags设为STACK_SIZE_PARAM_IS_A_RESERVATION)，dwStackSize这个参数用来调整一开始commit给栈的空间，即initially committed size。
那么调整了committed size后，reserved size应该怎么有什么相应的调整呢？
如果dwStackSize小于默认reserve大小，则reserve size使用默认reserve大小；
如果dwStackSize大于默认reserve size，则reserve size将会向上取整变成1MB的整数倍
如果要求默认的StackSize为64K，则将设置/Stack:65536
第三种方式：用工具editbin.exe(VC工具里）
editbin /StackSize:reverse[,commit]
