【后端】macOS安装Maven以及IDEA配置

✨Maven介绍

https://maven.apache.org/

Apache Maven is a software project management and comprehension tool. Based on the concept of a project object model (POM), Maven can manage a project's build, reporting and documentation from a central piece of information.

Apache Maven是一个软件项目管理和理解工具。基于项目对象模型（POM）的概念，Maven可以从一个中心信息块管理项目的构建、报告和文档。

✨下载

在 maven官方页面点击download

下载bin压缩文件

//如果不想下载最新版maven可以点击页面最下方的 archives 下载旧版本

之后解压zip放到合适的地方

例如/Users/${username}/apache-maven-3.8.1

之后进入maven目录下新建 repository 文件夹

✨配置环境变量

在Terminal输入以下命令以vim打开配置文件

（bash与zsh命令不同）

vim ~/.bash_profile  # bash
vim ~/.zshrc  # zsh

按 i 进入 INSERT 模式

粘贴以下内容

export M2_HOME="/Users/${username}/apache-maven-3.8.1"
export PATH="$M2_HOME/bin:$PATH"

按 ESC 进入命令模式

输入 :wq（保存并退出）

在Terminal输入以下命令使配置生效

source ~/.bash_profile  # bash
source ~/.zshrc  # zsh

在Terminal输入以下命令确认环境变量配置是否成功

mvn -v

如图所示环境变量配置成功

✨maven conf

进入maven目录下的conf文件夹

修改settings.xml

！请根据实际情况自行修改

设置本地 repository

  <!-- localRepository
   | The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
   |
   | Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
  <localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
  -->
<localRepository>/Users/saber/apache-maven-3.8.1/repository</localRepository>

设置镜像源

<mirrors>
    <!-- mirror
     | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
     | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
     | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
     |
    <mirror>
      <id>mirrorId</id>
      <mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
      <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
      <url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
    </mirror>
     -->
    <!-- <mirror>
      <id>maven-default-http-blocker</id>
      <mirrorOf>external:http:*</mirrorOf>
      <name>Pseudo repository to mirror external repositories initially using HTTP.</name>
      <url>http://0.0.0.0/</url>
      <blocked>true</blocked>
    </mirror>
  </mirrors> -->
    <mirror>
     <id>aliyunmaven</id>
     <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
     <name>阿里云公共仓库</name>
     <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/central</url>
    </mirror>
    <mirror>
      <id>repo1</id>
      <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
      <name>central repo</name>
      <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</url>
    </mirror>
    <mirror>
     <id>aliyunmaven</id>
     <mirrorOf>apache snapshots</mirrorOf>
     <name>阿里云阿帕奇仓库</name>
     <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/apache-snapshots</url>
    </mirror>
  </mirrors>

设置如下

<profiles>
    <!-- profile
     | Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
     | mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
     | or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
     |
     | An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
     | for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
     | This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
     | to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
     |
     | This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
    <profile>
      <id>jdk-1.4</id>

      <activation>
        <jdk>1.4</jdk>
      </activation>

      <repositories>
        <repository>
          <id>jdk14</id>
          <name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
          <url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
          <layout>default</layout>
          <snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
        </repository>
      </repositories>
    </profile>
    -->
    <profile>  
        <repositories>
           <repository>
                <id>aliyunmaven</id>
                <name>aliyunmaven</name>
                <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
                <layout>default</layout>
                <releases>
                        <enabled>true</enabled>
                </releases>
                <snapshots>
                        <enabled>true</enabled>
                </snapshots>
            </repository>
            <repository>
                <id>MavenCentral</id>
                <url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/</url>
            </repository>
            <repository>
                <id>aliyunmavenApache</id>
                <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/apache-snapshots</url>
            </repository>
        </repositories>             
     </profile>
   <!--
     | Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
     | which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
     | might hypothetically look like:
     |
     | ...
     | <plugin>
     |   <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
     |   <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
     |
     |   <configuration>
     |     <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
     |   </configuration>
     | </plugin>
     | ...
     |
     | NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
     |       anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
     |
    <profile>
      <id>env-dev</id>

      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>target-env</name>
          <value>dev</value>
        </property>
      </activation>

      <properties>
        <tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
      </properties>
    </profile>
    -->
  </profiles>