requests发送HTTP请求

requests库是一个流行的用于发送Http请求的Python第三方库， 其设计简洁高效可以完美替代默认的urllib。

使用pip安装requests：

pip install requests

引入模块：

import requests

发送GET请求：

response = requests.get(url)

在response对象中可以得到响应的相关信息。

>>> response = requests.get('http://www.cnblogs.com')
>>> response = requests.get('http://www.cnblogs.com/Finley/')
>>> >>> response.status_code
200
>>> response.text
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
...
>>> response.raw  # 获得原始响应
<requests.packages.urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x10e3b3490>
>>> response.request # 获得请求对象
<PreparedRequest [GET]>

发送其它方法的请求：

response = requests.post(url)
response = requests.head(url)
response = requests.delete(url)
response = requests.put(url)
response = requests.options(url)

传递url参数：

response = requests.get(url, params={key:val})

​
查看已经编码的url： response.url

添加请求头：

response = requests.get(url, headers={key: val})

查看请求头和响应头：

>>> response.headers
{'Content-Encoding': 'gzip', 
'Transfer-Encoding': 'chunked', 
'Expires': 'Mon, 21 Nov 2016 09:01:00 GMT', 
'Vary': 'Accept-Encoding', 
'Last-Modified': 'Mon, 21 Nov 2016 09:00:50 GMT', 
'Connection': 'keep-alive', 
'X-UA-Compatible': 'IE=10', 
'Cache-Control': 
'private, max-age=10', 
'Date': 'Mon, 21 Nov 2016 09:00:50 GMT', 		
'Content-Type': 'text/html; charset=utf-8'
}
>>> response.request.headers
{'Connection': 'keep-alive', 
'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 
'Accept': '*/*', 
'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.11.1'
}

模拟提交表单：
​

response = requests.post(url, data={key: val})

可以使用multipart-encoded上传文件：

files = {'file': open(path, 'rb')}
response = requests.post(url, files=files)

也可以设置文件名和请求头：

files = {
	'file': (filename, open(path, 'rb')),
	header_name: header_val
}
response = requests.post(url, files=files)

添加cookies：

response = requests.post(url, cookies={key: val})

查看cookies：

>>> response.cookies
<RequestsCookieJar[]>

requests只能提供阻塞IO， 使用timeout以秒为单位设置响应超时时间：

response = requests.post(url, timeout=0.2)
posted @ 2016-11-21 17:22  -Finley-  阅读(3449)  评论(1)  编辑  收藏  举报