Django ModelForm (二)
modelform组件介绍
ModelForm a. class Meta: model, # 对应Model的 fields=None, # 字段 exclude=None, # 排除字段 labels=None, # 提示信息 help_texts=None, # 帮助提示信息 widgets=None, # 自定义插件 error_messages=None, # 自定义错误信息(整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS) field_classes=None # 自定义字段类 (也可以自定义字段) localized_fields=('birth_date',) # 本地化,如:根据不同时区显示数据 如: 数据库中 2016-12-27 04:10:57 setting中的配置 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' USE_TZ = True 则显示: 2016-12-27 12:10:57
详细说明:
views.py
class UserInfoModelForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo ##UserInfo 为models下定义的类(表名),表示去哪个类下获取字段,也可以对此表进行增删改查 fields = '__all__' #代表所有字段 #fields = ['username'] #只列出username列,这里定义为一个里列表 #exclude = ['username'] #表示排除username列,其余都列出 ##设置输入框的标签 labels={ 'username':"用户名", 'email':"密码" } ##各个组件之间没有用','隔开 #设置帮助提示 help_texts={ 'username':"请输入用户名" } #自定义插件 widgets = { 'username':fwidgets.Textarea(attrs={'class':'c1'}) #widgets由于被引用了,所有导入的时候换了别名 } #此处的key均来自于报错时的json串里的键 error_messages = { '__all__':{}, ##定义整体错误信息 'email':{ "required":"必填项" } } #定义输入框里内容的格式 field_classes = { 'email':Ffields.URLField ##email格式变成url格式 ,这里由于fields在meta里被赋值了,所以引用的而是后换了别名 }
将正确信息保存到数据库(views.py)
def index(request): if request.method == 'GET': #obj = UserInfoForm() 常规form对象 obj = UserInfoModelForm() #modelform对象,也会自动生成html对象 return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj}) elif request.method == "POST": #obj = UserInfoForm(request.POST) #form验证 ##modelform 验证 obj = UserInfoModelForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid():
obj.save() #自动保存到数据库,并且默认情况下保存多对多表数据
modelform 使用示例(数据库多对多表操作)
urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from cmdb import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^index/$',views.index), url(r'^userlist/$',views.user_list), url(r'^edit-(\d+)/$',views.user_edit), ]
views.py
from django import forms from django.forms import fields as Ffields from cmdb import models from django.forms import widgets as fwidgets class UserInfoModelForm(forms.ModelForm): class Meta: model = models.UserInfo ##UserInfo 为models下定义的类(表名),表示去哪个类下获取字段,也可以对此表进行增删改查 fields = '__all__' #代表所有字段 class UserInfoForm(forms.Form): username = Ffields.CharField(max_length=32,label="用户名") password = Ffields.CharField(max_length=32) email = Ffields.EmailField() user_type = Ffields.ChoiceField( #多对多表查询 choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','caption') ) def index(request): if request.method == 'GET': obj = UserInfoModelForm() #modelform对象,也会自动生成html对象 return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj}) elif request.method == "POST": ##modelform 验证 obj = UserInfoModelForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): obj.save() #多对多表的情况下,此处提交信息后,多对多表也会添加数据 return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj}) def user_list(request): userlist = models.UserInfo.objects.all().select_related('user_type') return render(request,'user_list.html',{'user_list':userlist}) def user_edit(request,nid): #获取当前id对应的用户信息 #显示用户已经存在的数据 if request.method == 'GET': user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first() mf = UserInfoModelForm(instance=user_obj) ##modelform获取数据库多对多表指定信息 return render(request,'user_edit.html',{'mf': mf,'nid':nid}) elif request.method == "POST": user_obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first() #获取指定的数据 mf = UserInfoModelForm(request.POST,instance=user_obj) #更新数据库信息(信息来自从前端传过来的数据,request.post) if mf.is_valid(): mf.save() #保存到数据库 # mf = UserInfoModelForm(instance=user_obj) ##modelform获取数据库多对多表指定信息 else: print (mf.errors.as_json()) return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {'mf': mf,'nid':nid})
models.py
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class UserType(models.Model): caption = models.CharField(max_length=32) class UserGroup(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) class UserInfo(models.Model): username = models.CharField(verbose_name="用户",max_length=32) password = models.CharField(max_length=32) #email = models.EmailField() user_type = models.ForeignKey(to="UserType",to_field="id") u2g = models.ManyToManyField(UserGroup)
user_edit.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="/edit-{{ nid }}/" method="POST"> {% csrf_token %} {{ mf.as_p }} <input type="submit" value="提交"/> </form> </body> </html>
user_list.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <ul> {% for row in user_list %} <li>{{ row.username }} - {{ row.user_type.caption }} <a href="/edit-{{ row.id }}/">编辑</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul> </body> </html>
index.html
<html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action='/index/' method="POST"> {% csrf_token %} {{ obj.as_p }} <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
最后结果: