Python之抽象类、抽象方法

抽象类中只能有抽象方法,子类继承抽象类时,不能通过实例化使用其抽象方法,必须实现该方法。

Python2

class CopyBase(object):
    def save(self):
        raise NotImplementedError


class CopyPaper(CopyBase):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def save(self):
        print("copy paper")


class CopyQuestion(CopyBase):
    def __init__(self):
        pass


copy_paper = CopyPaper()
copy_paper.save()
copy_question = CopyQuestion()
copy_question.save()

result:
copy paper
Traceback (most recent call last):
    copy_question.save()
    raise NotImplementedError
NotImplementedError

这里以NotImplementedError的形式实现了抽象类和抽象方法,如果子类不实现该方法会抛出异常

 

Python3

在Python3中引入了abc模块,通过@abc.abstractmethod可以更加简洁地使用抽象类,抽象方法。

import abc


class CopyBase(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
    @abc.abstractmethod
    def save(self):
        pass


class CopyPaper(CopyBase):
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    def save(self):
        print("copy paper")


class CopyQuestion(CopyBase):
    def __init__(self):
        pass


copy_paper = CopyPaper()
copy_paper.save()
copy_question = CopyQuestion()
copy_question.save()


result:
copy paper
Traceback (most recent call last):
    copy_question = CopyQuestion()
TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class CopyQuestion with abstract methods save

从abc模块引入类abstractmethod和类ABCMeta,自定义的CopyBase类继承抽象类ABCMeta,在类CopyBase中定义save方法,

添加装饰器abcstractmethod,CopyPaper类和CopyQuestion继承CopyBase类,分别实例化CopyPaper和CopyQuestion,

CopyQuestion类没有实现save方法,因此会抛出异常。

posted @ 2018-08-15 14:21  HarvardFly  阅读(12237)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报