配置通过密钥连接ssh
1.首先在服务器上制作密钥对。首先用密码登录到你打算使用密钥登录的账户,然后执行以下命令:
[root@host ~]$ ssh-keygen <== 建立密钥对 Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): <== 按 Enter Created directory '/root/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): <== 输入密钥锁码,或直接按 Enter 留空 Enter same passphrase again: <== 再输入一遍密钥锁码 Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. <== 私钥 Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. <== 公钥 The key fingerprint is:
密钥锁码在使用私钥时必须输入,这样就可以保护私钥不被盗用。当然,也可以留空,实现无密码登录。
现在,在 root 用户的家目录中生成了一个 .ssh 的隐藏目录,内含两个密钥文件。id_rsa 为私钥,id_rsa.pub 为公钥。
2. 在服务器上安装公钥
键入以下命令,在服务器上安装公钥:
[root@host ~]$ cd .ssh
[root@host .ssh]$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys
3.如此便完成了公钥的安装。为了确保连接成功,请保证以下文件权限正确:
[root@host .ssh]$ chmod 600 authorized_keys [root@host .ssh]$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh