翻译
令 为正整数. 一个集合含有 个给定的实数. 我们从中选取任意 个数, 记作 , , , , 并提问: 是否 正确? 证明: 我们可以最多问 个问题,将所有的 个数排序.
We can find the order of the first numbers questions,
looking at all possible orderings but one.
Suppose we have found the relative order of the first numbers
and let us find the relative order of first numbers.
Suppose we have
and let us find where fits.
We use the following {\it binary search}:
pick numbers among that divide the interval
most equally.
(This is achieved by taking the numbers
).
We can find the relative order of and these numbers by at most questions.
Indeed, for , let be ``Is it true that
?''
Then we find an such that
.
Therefore, by at most questions we reduce the length of the interval of searching
from to at most , where
is the least integer number not less than .
We repeat this binary search until we find exactly the position of
(that is, the interval of searching is 1 or 0).
Now if , then after steps the interval will be at most ,
so we need at most steps to insert into the sequence.
Therefore, the number of questions needed is at most
.
All we need to do is to evaluate this number:
suppose that
.
Then there are numbers for which
, numbers for which
, and so on until we have numbers for which
.
Therefore the sum is
Because ,
Hence our sum is at most
as desired.
looking at all possible orderings but one.
Suppose we have found the relative order of the first numbers
and let us find the relative order of first numbers.
Suppose we have
and let us find where fits.
We use the following {\it binary search}:
pick numbers among that divide the interval
most equally.
(This is achieved by taking the numbers
).
We can find the relative order of and these numbers by at most questions.
Indeed, for , let be ``Is it true that
?''
Then we find an such that
.
Therefore, by at most questions we reduce the length of the interval of searching
from to at most , where
is the least integer number not less than .
We repeat this binary search until we find exactly the position of
(that is, the interval of searching is 1 or 0).
Now if , then after steps the interval will be at most ,
so we need at most steps to insert into the sequence.
Therefore, the number of questions needed is at most
.
All we need to do is to evaluate this number:
suppose that
.
Then there are numbers for which
, numbers for which
, and so on until we have numbers for which
.
Therefore the sum is
Because ,
Hence our sum is at most
as desired.
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