Netty使用LineBasedFrameDecoder解决TCP粘包/拆包
TCP粘包/拆包
TCP是个”流”协议,所谓流,就是没有界限的一串数据。TCP底层并不了解上层业务数据的具体含义,它会根据TCP缓冲区的实际情况进行包的划分,所以在业务上认为,一个完整的包可能会被TCP拆分成多个包进行发送,也有可能把多个小的包封装成一个大的数据包发送,这就是所谓的TCP粘包和拆包问题
TCP粘包/拆包发生的原因
1. 应用程序write写入的字节大小大于套接口发送缓冲区大小
2. 进行MSS大小的TCP分段
3. 以太网帧的payload大于MTU进行IP分片
粘包问题的解决策略
由于底层的TCP无法理解上层的业务数据,所以在底层是无法保证数据包不被拆分和重组的,这个问题只能通过上层的应用协议栈设计来解决,根据业界的主流协议的解决方案,可以归纳如下
先来看一个粘包的例子
新建maven工程,添加依赖包
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.netty/netty-all --> <dependency> <groupId>io.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> <version>5.0.0.Alpha1</version> </dependency>
TimeServer
package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE; import java.awt.Event; import java.net.Socket; import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoop; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; public class TimeServer { public void bind(int port) throws Exception{ //配置服务端的NIO线程组 //NioEventLoopGroup是个线程组,它包含了一组NIO线程,专门用于网络事件的处理,实际上它们就是Reactor线程组 //bossGroup用于服务端接受客户端的连接 EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); //workerGroup进行SocketChannel的网络读写 EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { //Netty用于启动NIO服务端的辅助启动类,目的是降低服务端的开发复杂度 ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); //将两个NIO线程组当作入参传递到ServerBootstrap bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) //设置创建的Channel为NioServerSocketChannel,它的功能对应于JDK NIO类库中的ServerSocketChannel类。 .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) //配置NioServerSocketChannel的TCP参数,此处将它的backlog设置为1024 .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024) //绑定I/O事件的处理类ChildChannelHandler,它的作用类似于Reactor模式中的Handler类,主要用于处理网络I/O事件,例如记录日志、对消息进行编解码等 .childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler()); //调用bind方法绑定监听端口,随后,调用它的同步阻塞方法sync等待绑定操作完成。 //完成之后Netty会返回一个ChannelFuture,它的功能类似于JDK的java.util.concurrent.Future,主要用于异步操作的通知回调 ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync(); //等待服务端监听端口关闭,等待服务端链路关闭之后main函数才退出 future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { //优雅退出,释放线程池资源 bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } private class ChildChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{ @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeServerHandler()); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { int port = 9090; if (args != null && args.length > 0) { try { port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } new TimeServer().bind(port); } }
TimeServerHandler
package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE; import java.util.Date; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; //TimeServerHandler 继承自ChannelHandlerAdapter,它用于对网络事件进行读写操作 public class TimeServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{ private int counter; @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { //将msg转换成Netty的ByteBuf对象。ByteBuf类似于jdk中的java.nio.ByteBuffer对象,不过它提供了更加强大和灵活的功能 ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg; //通过ByteBuf的readableBytes方法可以获取缓冲区可读的字节数,根据可读的字节数创建byte数组 byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()]; //通过ByteBuf的readBytes方法将缓冲区中的字节数据复制到新建的byte数组中 buf.readBytes(req); //通过new String构造函数获取请求消息 String body = new String(req, "UTF-8").substring(0, req.length - System.getProperty("line.separator").length()); System.out.println("The time server receive order : " + body + "; the counter is : "+ ++counter); //对请求消息进行判断,如果是QUERY TIME ORDER则创建应答消息 String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(body) ? new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER"; currentTime = currentTime + System.getProperty("line.separator"); ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes()); //通过ChannelHandlerContext的write方法异步发送应答消息给客户端 ctx.writeAndFlush(resp); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { //当发生异常时,关闭ChannelHandlerContext,释放和ChannelHandlerContext相关联的句柄等资源 ctx.close(); } }
TimeClient
package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE; import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap; import io.netty.channel.Channel; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; public class TimeClient { public void connect(int port,String host) throws Exception{ //配置客户端NIO线程组,客户端处理I/O读写的NioEventLoopGroup线程组 EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { //客户端辅助启动类Bootstrap Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap(); //设置线程组 bootstrap.group(group) //与服务端不同的是,它的channel需要设置为NioSocketChannel .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true) //然后为其添加Handler,此处为了简单直接创建匿名内部类,实现initChannel方法 //作用是当创建NioSocketChannel成功之后,在进行初始化时,将它的ChannelHandler设置到ChannelPipeline中,用于处理网络I/O事件 .handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception { ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeClientHandler()); } }); //调用connect发起异步连接操作,然后调用sync同步方法等待连接成功。 ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(host, port).sync(); //等待客户端链路关闭,当客户端连接关闭之后,客户端主函数退出,退出之前释放NIO线程组的资源 future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { //优雅退出,释放NIO线程组 group.shutdownGracefully(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ int port = 9090; String host = "127.0.0.1"; if (args != null && args.length > 0) { try { port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } new TimeClient().connect(port, host); } }
TimeClientHandler
package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE; import java.util.logging.Logger; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; public class TimeClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{ private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TimeClientHandler.class.getName()); private int counter; private byte[] req; public TimeClientHandler(){ req = ("QUERY TIME ORDER"+System.getProperty("line.separator")).getBytes(); } //当客户端和服务端TCP链路建立成功之后,Netty的NIO线程会调用channelActive方法,发送查询时间的指令给服务端 //调用ChannelHandlerContext的writeAndFlush方法将请求消息发送给客户端 @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { ByteBuf message = null; for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { message = Unpooled.buffer(req.length); message.writeBytes(req); ctx.writeAndFlush(message); } } //当客户端返回应答消息,channelRead方法被调用 @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { ByteBuf buf = (ByteBuf) msg; byte[] req = new byte[buf.readableBytes()]; buf.readBytes(req); String body = new String(req, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("Now is :" + body + " ; the counter is : " + ++counter); } //发生异常时,释放客户端资源 @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { logger.warning("Unexpected exception from downstream : " + cause.getMessage()); ctx.close(); } }
此时启动server,再启动client,可看到以下结果
server端
client端
可以发现,server只受到了两条消息,说明发生了粘包,但是我们期望的是收到100条消息,每条包含一条”QUERY TIME ORDER”指令,这说明发生了TCP粘包
客户端应该收到100条当前系统时间,但实际上只收到了一条,因为服务端只收到了2条请求消息,所以实际服务端只发送了2条应答,由于请求消息不满足查询条件,所以返回了2条”BAD ORDER”应答消息。但是实际上客户端只收到了一条包含两条”BAD ORDER”指令的消息,说明服务端返回的应答消息也发生了粘包
解决TCP粘包问题
利用LineBasedFrameDecoder解决TCP粘包问题
为了解决TCP粘包/拆包导致的半包读写问题,Netty默认提供了多种编解码器用于处理半包,只要能熟练掌握这些类库的使用,TCP粘包问题从此会变得非常容易
来看代码
TimeServer
package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE_SOLVE; import java.awt.Event; import java.net.Socket; import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoop; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.codec.LineBasedFrameDecoder; import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder; public class TimeServer { public void bind(int port) throws Exception{ //配置服务端的NIO线程组 //NioEventLoopGroup是个线程组,它包含了一组NIO线程,专门用于网络事件的处理,实际上它们就是Reactor线程组 //bossGroup用于服务端接受客户端的连接 EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); //workerGroup进行SocketChannel的网络读写 EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { //Netty用于启动NIO服务端的辅助启动类,目的是降低服务端的开发复杂度 ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); //将两个NIO线程组当作入参传递到ServerBootstrap bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup) //设置创建的Channel为NioServerSocketChannel,它的功能对应于JDK NIO类库中的ServerSocketChannel类。 .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) //配置NioServerSocketChannel的TCP参数,此处将它的backlog设置为1024 .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024) //绑定I/O事件的处理类ChildChannelHandler,它的作用类似于Reactor模式中的Handler类,主要用于处理网络I/O事件,例如记录日志、对消息进行编解码等 .childHandler(new ChildChannelHandler()); //调用bind方法绑定监听端口,随后,调用它的同步阻塞方法sync等待绑定操作完成。 //完成之后Netty会返回一个ChannelFuture,它的功能类似于JDK的java.util.concurrent.Future,主要用于异步操作的通知回调 ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync(); //等待服务端监听端口关闭,等待服务端链路关闭之后main函数才退出 future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { //优雅退出,释放线程池资源 bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } private class ChildChannelHandler extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>{ @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { //在原来的TimeServerHandler之前新增了两个解码器LineBasedFrameDecoder、StringDecoder ch.pipeline().addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024)); ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeServerHandler()); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { int port = 9090; if (args != null && args.length > 0) { try { port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } new TimeServer().bind(port); } }
TimeServerHandler
package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE_SOLVE; import java.util.Date; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; //TimeServerHandler 继承自ChannelHandlerAdapter,它用于对网络事件进行读写操作 public class TimeServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{ private int counter; @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { String body = (String)msg; System.out.println("The time server receive order : " + body + "; the counter is : "+ ++counter); //对请求消息进行判断,如果是QUERY TIME ORDER则创建应答消息 String currentTime = "QUERY TIME ORDER".equalsIgnoreCase(body) ? new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString() : "BAD ORDER"; currentTime = currentTime + System.getProperty("line.separator"); ByteBuf resp = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(currentTime.getBytes()); //通过ChannelHandlerContext的write方法异步发送应答消息给客户端 ctx.writeAndFlush(resp); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { //当发生异常时,关闭ChannelHandlerContext,释放和ChannelHandlerContext相关联的句柄等资源 ctx.close(); } }
TimeClient
package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE_SOLVE; import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap; import io.netty.channel.Channel; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.codec.LineBasedFrameDecoder; import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder; public class TimeClient { public void connect(int port,String host) throws Exception{ //配置客户端NIO线程组,客户端处理I/O读写的NioEventLoopGroup线程组 EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { //客户端辅助启动类Bootstrap Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap(); //设置线程组 bootstrap.group(group) //与服务端不同的是,它的channel需要设置为NioSocketChannel .channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true) //然后为其添加Handler,此处为了简单直接创建匿名内部类,实现initChannel方法 //作用是当创建NioSocketChannel成功之后,在进行初始化时,将它的ChannelHandler设置到ChannelPipeline中,用于处理网络I/O事件 .handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() { @Override protected void initChannel(Channel ch) throws Exception { //在原来的TimeClientHandler之前新增了两个解码器LineBasedFrameDecoder、StringDecoder ch.pipeline().addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024)); ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder()); ch.pipeline().addLast(new TimeClientHandler()); } }); //调用connect发起异步连接操作,然后调用sync同步方法等待连接成功。 ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(host, port).sync(); //等待客户端链路关闭,当客户端连接关闭之后,客户端主函数退出,退出之前释放NIO线程组的资源 future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { //优雅退出,释放NIO线程组 group.shutdownGracefully(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ int port = 9090; String host = "127.0.0.1"; if (args != null && args.length > 0) { try { port = Integer.valueOf(args[0]); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } new TimeClient().connect(port, host); } }
TimeClientHandler
package com.zhen.netty1129_TCP_HALF_PACKAGE_SOLVE; import java.util.logging.Logger; import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf; import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter; import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; public class TimeClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{ private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(TimeClientHandler.class.getName()); private int counter; private byte[] req; public TimeClientHandler(){ req = ("QUERY TIME ORDER"+System.getProperty("line.separator")).getBytes(); } //当客户端和服务端TCP链路建立成功之后,Netty的NIO线程会调用channelActive方法,发送查询时间的指令给服务端 //调用ChannelHandlerContext的writeAndFlush方法将请求消息发送给客户端 @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { ByteBuf message = null; for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { message = Unpooled.buffer(req.length); message.writeBytes(req); ctx.writeAndFlush(message); } } //当客户端返回应答消息,channelRead方法被调用 @Override public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception { //拿到的msg已经是解码成字符串之后的应答消息了。 String body = (String)msg; System.out.println("Now is :" + body + " ; the counter is : " + ++counter); } //发生异常时,释放客户端资源 @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { logger.warning("Unexpected exception from downstream : " + cause.getMessage()); ctx.close(); } }
此时再次运行,查看结果
Server端
client端
此时TCP粘包问题已经解决
LineBasedFrameDecoder和StringDecoder的原理分析
LineBasedFrameDecoder的工作原理是依次便利ByteBuf中的刻度子节,判断看是否有”\n” 或者“\r”,如果有,就以此为止为结束位置,从可读索引到结束位置区间的字节久组成了一行。它是以换行符为结束标志的解码器,支持携带结束符或者不携带结束符两种编码方式,同时支持配置单行的最大长度后仍然没有发现换行符,就会抛出异常,同时忽略掉之前读到的异常码流。
StringDecoder的功能非常简单,就是将接收到的对象转换成字符串,然后继续调用后面的handler。LineBasedFrameDecoder+StringDecoder组合就是按行切换的文本解码器,它被设计用来支持TCP的粘包和拆包.