拉勾网职位信息爬取

学习python网络爬虫有一段时间了,正好赶上休假闲来无事,记录一下爬取的过程。

一、开发工具
Pycharm 2017
Python 2.7.10
requests
pymongo

二、爬取目标
1、爬取与python相关的职位信息
2、由于拉勾网只展示30页的搜索结果,每页15条职位信息,全部爬下来,最终将获取到450条信息
3、将结果存储在Mongodb中

三、结果展示

四、爬取过程
1、浏览器中打开拉勾网:https://www.lagou.com,搜索python,同时打开开发者工具进行抓包,找到能够返回数据的Request URL,通过一番查找,发现要找的url是https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?needAddtionalResult=false&isSchoolJob=0,它返回的是json格式的数据:

 

经过以上分析,可以写一下初始化的代码:设置请求的url和请求头,请求头在抓包时可以获取,通过程序去爬取网络,我们要做的一件重要的事情就是模拟浏览器,否则遇到具有反爬虫措施的网站,很难将数据爬下来。当然了,设置正确的请求头,只是应对反爬虫的一部分措施。

1 def __init__(self):
2     self.headers = {}
3     self.headers['User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.108 Safari/537.36'
4     self.headers['Host'] = 'www.lagou.com'
5     self.headers['Referer'] = 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/list_python?px=default&city=%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD'
6     self.headers['X-Anit-Forge-Code'] = '0'
7     self.headers['X-Anit-Forge-Token'] = None
8     self.headers['X-Requested-With'] = 'XMLHttpRequest'
9     self.url = 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/positionAjax.json?px=default&needAddtionalResult=false&isSchoolJob=0'

2、返回每一条数据中包含的信息比较,我们只获取想要的:薪资、城市、工作年限、职位、职位描述、学历、公司全称、发布时间等。

 1 result = {}
 2 result['positionName'] = position['positionName']
 3 result['createTime'] = position['createTime']
 4 result['secondType'] = position['secondType']
 5 result['city'] = position['city']
 6 result['workYear'] = position['workYear']
 7 result['education'] = position['education']
 8 result['companyFullName'] = position['companyFullName']
 9 result['financeStage'] = position['financeStage']
10 result['jobNature'] = position['jobNature']
11 result['salary'] = position['salary']
12 result['jobdescriptions'] = Lagou.get_detail(position['positionId'])
13 result['positionLables'] = position['positionLables']
14 result['positionId'] = position['positionId']

这里重点说明一下,职位信息是包含在详情页中的,通过观察发现,详情页名称是通过positionId.html方式命名的,所以要打开详情页获取职位信息就需要获取positionId,以上代码中:result['jobdescriptions'] = Lagou.get_detail(position['positionId'])可以看到。

 

 

获取列表页和详情页的代码如下:

 1     def get_data(self,page):
 2         while 1:
 3             try:
 4                 form_data = {
 5                     'first' : 'true',
 6                     'pn' :  page,
 7                     'kd' : 'python'
 8                 }
 9                 result = requests.post(self.url,data=form_data,headers=self.headers)
10                 return result.json()['content']['positionResult']['result']
11             except:
12                 time.sleep(1)
13 
14     def get_detail(self,positionId):
15         url = 'https://www.lagou.com/jobs/%s.html' % positionId
16         text = requests.get(url,headers=self.headers).text
17         jobdescriptions = re.findall(r'<h3 class="description">(.*?)</div>',text,re.S)
18         jobdescriptions = [re.sub(r'</?h3>|</?div>|</?p>|</?br>|^\s+|</?li>','',j) for j in jobdescriptions]
19         return jobdescriptions

mongodb的部分单独写了一个模块在主代码中调用:

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 3 
 4 import pymongo
 5 
 6 class MongodbOPT:
 7     def __init__(self, host, port, db, passwd, collection):
 8         self.host = host
 9         self.port = str(port)
10         self.db = db
11         self.passwd = passwd
12         self.collection = collection
13 
14     def getClient(self):
15         """返回MongoDB客户端对象"""
16         conn = 'mongodb://' + self.db + ':' + self.passwd + '@' + self.host + ':' + self.port + '/' + self.db
17         return pymongo.MongoClient(conn)
18 
19     def getDB(self):
20         """返回MongoDB的一个数据库"""
21         client = self.getClient()
22         db = client['%s' % (self.db)]
23         return db
24 
25     def insertData(self, bsonData):
26         """插入数据(单条或多条)"""
27         if self.db:
28             db = self.getDB()
29             collections = self.collection
30             if isinstance(bsonData, list):
31                 result = db.get_collection(collections).insert_many(bsonData)
32                 return result.inserted_ids
33             return db.get_collection(collections).insert_one(bsonData).inserted_id
34         else:
35             return None
36 
37     def findAll(self, **kwargs):
38         if self.db:
39             collections = self.collection
40             db = self.getDB()
41             def findAllDataQuery(self, dataLimit=0, dataSkip=0, dataQuery=None, dataSortQuery=None,dataProjection=None):
42                 return db.get_collection(collections).find(filter=dataQuery, projection=dataProjection, skip=dataSkip,
43                                                            limit=dataLimit, sort=dataSortQuery)
44             return findAllDataQuery(self, **kwargs)
45 
46     def updateData(self, oldData=None, **kwargs):
47         if self.db:
48             collections = self.collection
49             db = self.getDB()
50             def updateOne(self, oneOldData=None, oneUpdate=None, oneUpsert=False):  # 单个更新
51                 result = db.get_collection(collections).update_one(filter=oneOldData, update=oneUpdate,
52                                                                   upsert=oneUpsert)
53                 return result.matched_count
54             def updateMany(self, manyOldData, manyUpdate=None, manUpsert=False):  # 全部更新
55                 result = db.get_collection(collections).update_many(filter=manyOldData, update=manyUpdate,
56                                                                     upsert=manUpsert)
57                 return result.matched_count
58             if oldData:
59                 oneup = kwargs.get("oneUpdate", "")
60                 manyup = kwargs.get("manyUpdate", "")
61                 if oneup:
62                     return updateOne(self, oldData, **kwargs)
63                 elif manyup:
64                     return updateMany(self, oldData, **kwargs)

完整的代码放在github中了,有需要请移步:https://github.com/Eivll0m/PythonSpider/tree/master/lagou

posted on 2018-02-13 12:23  K‘e0llm  阅读(557)  评论(2编辑  收藏  举报

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