LNMP搭建（CentOS 6.3+Nginx 1.2.0+PHP 5.3.15(fpm)+ MySQL 5.5.35）

Nginx (“engine x”) 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过三年了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。

系统环境：

# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.3 (Final)

1.安装所需的第三方库

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers bison perl-CPAN

2.软件包下载并解压：

# yum -y install wget
# mkdir -p /data0/software
# cd /data0/software
# cat >>downfile<<EOF
http://www.nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.0.tar.gz
http://am1.php.net/distributions/php-5.3.28.tar.gz
http://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.5/mysql-5.5.35.tar.gz
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.6.tgz
http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.33.tar.gz
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-3.0.1.tgz
http://www.cmake.org/files/v2.8/cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz
EOF
# wget -i downfile

#!/bin/bash
#filename:unpack.sh
for file in $(ls|grep 't*gz$\|bz2$');do
    if [[ "${file}" =~ t*gz$ ]];then
        tar zxf ${file}
    else
        tar jxf ${file}
    fi
done
# chmod +x unpack.sh
#./unpack.sh

3.安装php(Fast-cgi)和mysql

3.1.编译安装PHP 5.3.28所需的支持库：

cd libiconv-1.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local &>/dev/null
make &>/dev/null
make install &>/dev/null
cd ../

cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure &>/dev/null
make &>/dev/null
make install &>/dev/null
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install &>/dev/null
make &>/dev/null
make install &>/dev/null
cd ../../

cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure &>/dev/null
make &>/dev/null
make install &>/dev/null
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure &>/dev/null
make &>/dev/null
make install &>/dev/null
cd ../

3.2.编译安装MySQL 5.5.35

MYSQL5.5.10以上版本采用Cmake编译

# cd cmake-2.8.8
# ./bootstrap &>/dev/null
# make &>/dev/null
# make install &>/dev/null
# cd ../
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql
# cd mysql-5.5.35
# cmake . \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data0/mysql/3306/data \
-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system &>/dev/null
# make &>/dev/null
# make install &>/dev/null
# chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
# cd ../

3.3.创建my.cnf配置文件

cat >>/etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[client]
#character-set-server = utf8
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user = mysql
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data
log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid
open_files_limit = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover

interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120

skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

#master-host = 192.168.1.2
#master-user = username
#master-password = password
#master-port = 3306

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0

#log-slow-queries = /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log
#long_query_time = 10

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
EOF

注：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下几步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的 

MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。

3.4.创建MySQL数据库存放目录

# mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
# mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/
# mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/
# chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/

3.5.以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db \
--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf \
--basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql \
--datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data \
--user=mysql 

3.6.复制mysql管理脚本并启动服务

# cp mysql-5.5.35/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
# ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/* /usr/bin
# /sbin/chkconfig --add mysqld
# /sbin/chkconfig --level 2345 mysqld on
# service mysqld start

3.7.编译安装PHP

# cp -frp /usr/lib64/libldap* /usr/lib/
# ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.so.18 /usr/lib64
# ldconfig

# cd php-5.3.28/
# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql \
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config \
--with-iconv-dir=/usr/local \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--disable-rpath \
--enable-safe-mode \
--enable-bcmath \
--enable-shmop \
--enable-sysvsem \
--enable-inline-optimization \
--with-curl \
--with-curlwrappers \
--enable-mbregex \
--enable-fpm \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-gd \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-openssl \
--with-mhash \
--enable-pcntl \
--enable-sockets \
--with-ldap \
--with-ldap-sasl \
--with-xmlrpc \
--enable-zip \
--enable-soap \
--enable-ftp
# make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
# make install
# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
# cp /data0/software/php-5.3.28/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# cd ../

3.8.编译安装PHP5扩展模块

cd memcache-2.2.6/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize 
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config 
make 
make install
cd ../

cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../

cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../


cd imagick-3.0.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

3.9.修改php.ini文件

# sed -i 's@; extension_dir = "\.\/"@extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/"@' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini 

# sed -i '/^extension_dir/aextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

# sed -i '/; output_buffering/{s/; *//;n;s/; *//;s/Off/On/}' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

# sed -i 's/;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

3.10.配置eAccelerator加速PHP

# mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache

# cat >> /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini <<EOF
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
EOF

3.11.创建www用户和组，以及供blog.eivll0m.com和www.eivll0m.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录

# /usr/sbin/groupadd www
# /usr/sbin/useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g www www
# mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
# chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
# chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
# mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
# chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
# chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

3.12.创建php-fpm配置文件

# cat >>/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf<<EOF
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; FPM Configuration ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; All relative paths in this configuration file are relative to PHP's install
; prefix (/usr/local/webserver/php). This prefix can be dynamicaly changed by using the
; '-p' argument from the command line.
 
; Include one or more files. If glob(3) exists, it is used to include a bunch of
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
; - the global prefix if it's been set (-p arguement)
; - /usr/local/webserver/php otherwise
;include=etc/fpm.d/*.conf
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Global Options ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
[global]
; Pid file
; Note: the default prefix is /usr/local/webserver/php/var
; Default Value: none
pid = run/php-fpm.pid
 
; Error log file
; If it's set to "syslog", log is sent to syslogd instead of being written
; in a local file.
; Note: the default prefix is /usr/local/webserver/php/var
; Default Value: log/php-fpm.log
error_log = log/php-fpm.log
 
; syslog_facility is used to specify what type of program is logging the
; message. This lets syslogd specify that messages from different facilities
; will be handled differently.
; See syslog(3) for possible values (ex daemon equiv LOG_DAEMON)
; Default Value: daemon
;syslog.facility = daemon
 
; syslog_ident is prepended to every message. If you have multiple FPM
; instances running on the same server, you can change the default value
; which must suit common needs.
; Default Value: php-fpm
;syslog.ident = php-fpm
 
; Log level
; Possible Values: alert, error, warning, notice, debug
; Default Value: notice
;log_level = notice
 
; If this number of child processes exit with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS within the time
; interval set by emergency_restart_interval then FPM will restart. A value
; of '0' means 'Off'.
; Default Value: 0
;emergency_restart_threshold = 0
 
; Interval of time used by emergency_restart_interval to determine when
; a graceful restart will be initiated. This can be useful to work around
; accidental corruptions in an accelerator's shared memory.
; Available Units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
;emergency_restart_interval = 0
 
; Time limit for child processes to wait for a reaction on signals from master.
; Available units: s(econds), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Unit: seconds
; Default Value: 0
;process_control_timeout = 0
 
; The maximum number of processes FPM will fork. This has been design to control
; the global number of processes when using dynamic PM within a lot of pools.
; Use it with caution.
; Note: A value of 0 indicates no limit
; Default Value: 0
; process.max = 128
 
; Send FPM to background. Set to 'no' to keep FPM in foreground for debugging.
; Default Value: yes
;daemonize = yes
 
; Set open file descriptor rlimit for the master process.
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_files = 1024
 
; Set max core size rlimit for the master process.
; Possible Values: 'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_core = 0
 
; Specify the event mechanism FPM will use. The following is available:
; - select (any POSIX os)
; - poll (any POSIX os)
; - epoll (linux >= 2.5.44)
; - kqueue (FreeBSD >= 4.1, OpenBSD >= 2.9, NetBSD >= 2.0)
; - /dev/poll (Solaris >= 7)
; - port (Solaris >= 10)
; Default Value: not set (auto detection)
; events.mechanism = epoll
 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Pool Definitions ;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 
; Multiple pools of child processes may be started with different listening
; ports and different management options. The name of the pool will be
; used in logs and stats. There is no limitation on the number of pools which
; FPM can handle. Your system will tell you anyway <img src="http://blog-94qy-com.qiniudn.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif" alt=":)" class="wp-smiley">
 
; Start a new pool named 'www'.
; the variable $pool can we used in any directive and will be replaced by the
; pool name ('www' here)
[www]
 
; Per pool prefix
; It only applies on the following directives:
; - 'slowlog'
; - 'listen' (unixsocket)
; - 'chroot'
; - 'chdir'
; - 'php_values'
; - 'php_admin_values'
; When not set, the global prefix (or /usr/local/webserver/php) applies instead.
; Note: This directive can also be relative to the global prefix.
; Default Value: none
;prefix = /path/to/pools/$pool
 
; Unix user/group of processes
; Note: The user is mandatory. If the group is not set, the default user's group
; will be used.
user = www
group = www
 
; The address on which to accept FastCGI requests.
; Valid syntaxes are:
; 'ip.add.re.ss:port' - to listen on a TCP socket to a specific address on
; a specific port;
; 'port' - to listen on a TCP socket to all addresses on a
; specific port;
; '/path/to/unix/socket' - to listen on a unix socket.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
 
; Set listen(2) backlog. A value of '-1' means unlimited.
; Default Value: 128 (-1 on FreeBSD and OpenBSD)
;listen.backlog = -1
 
; Set permissions for unix socket, if one is used. In Linux, read/write
; permissions must be set in order to allow connections from a web server. Many
; BSD-derived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
; Default Values: user and group are set as the running user
; mode is set to 0666
;listen.owner = nobody
;listen.group = nobody
;listen.mode = 0666
 
; List of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients which are allowed to connect.
; Equivalent to the FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment variable in the original
; PHP FCGI (5.2.2+). Makes sense only with a tcp listening socket. Each address
; must be separated by a comma. If this value is left blank, connections will be
; accepted from any ip address.
; Default Value: any
;listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
 
; Choose how the process manager will control the number of child processes.
; Possible Values:
; static - a fixed number (pm.max_children) of child processes;
; dynamic - the number of child processes are set dynamically based on the
; following directives. With this process management, there will be
; always at least 1 children.
; pm.max_children - the maximum number of children that can
; be alive at the same time.
; pm.start_servers - the number of children created on startup.
; pm.min_spare_servers - the minimum number of children in 'idle'
; state (waiting to process). If the number
; of 'idle' processes is less than this
; number then some children will be created.
; pm.max_spare_servers - the maximum number of children in 'idle'
; state (waiting to process). If the number
; of 'idle' processes is greater than this
; number then some children will be killed.
; ondemand - no children are created at startup. Children will be forked when
; new requests will connect. The following parameter are used:
; pm.max_children - the maximum number of children that
; can be alive at the same time.
; pm.process_idle_timeout - The number of seconds after which
; an idle process will be killed.
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm = dynamic
 
; The number of child processes to be created when pm is set to 'static' and the
; maximum number of child processes when pm is set to 'dynamic' or 'ondemand'.
; This value sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be
; served. Equivalent to the ApacheMaxClients directive with mpm_prefork.
; Equivalent to the PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment variable in the original PHP
; CGI. The below defaults are based on a server without much resources. Don't
; forget to tweak pm.* to fit your needs.
; Note: Used when pm is set to 'static', 'dynamic' or 'ondemand'
; Note: This value is mandatory.
pm.max_children = 128
 
; The number of child processes created on startup.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Default Value: min_spare_servers + (max_spare_servers - min_spare_servers) / 2
pm.start_servers = 2
 
; The desired minimum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
 
; The desired maximum number of idle server processes.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'dynamic'
; Note: Mandatory when pm is set to 'dynamic'
pm.max_spare_servers = 128
 
; The number of seconds after which an idle process will be killed.
; Note: Used only when pm is set to 'ondemand'
; Default Value: 10s
;pm.process_idle_timeout = 10s;
 
; The number of requests each child process should execute before respawning.
; This can be useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. For
; endless request processing specify '0'. Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS.
; Default Value: 0
;pm.max_requests = 500
 
; The URI to view the FPM status page. If this value is not set, no URI will be
; recognized as a status page. It shows the following informations:
; pool - the name of the pool;
; process manager - static, dynamic or ondemand;
; start time - the date and time FPM has started;
; start since - number of seconds since FPM has started;
; accepted conn - the number of request accepted by the pool;
; listen queue - the number of request in the queue of pending
; connections (see backlog in listen(2));
; max listen queue - the maximum number of requests in the queue
; of pending connections since FPM has started;
; listen queue len - the size of the socket queue of pending connections;
; idle processes - the number of idle processes;
; active processes - the number of active processes;
; total processes - the number of idle + active processes;
; max active processes - the maximum number of active processes since FPM
; has started;
; max children reached - number of times, the process limit has been reached,
; when pm tries to start more children (works only for
; pm 'dynamic' and 'ondemand');
; Value are updated in real time.
; Example output:
; pool: www
; process manager: static
; start time: 01/Jul/2011:17:53:49 +0200
; start since: 62636
; accepted conn: 190460
; listen queue: 0
; max listen queue: 1
; listen queue len: 42
; idle processes: 4
; active processes: 11
; total processes: 15
; max active processes: 12
; max children reached: 0
;
; By default the status page output is formatted as text/plain. Passing either
; 'html', 'xml' or 'json' in the query string will return the corresponding
; output syntax. Example:
; http://www.foo.bar/status
; http://www.foo.bar/status?json
; http://www.foo.bar/status?html
; http://www.foo.bar/status?xml
;
; By default the status page only outputs short status. Passing 'full' in the
; query string will also return status for each pool process.
; Example:
; http://www.foo.bar/status?full
; http://www.foo.bar/status?json&full
; http://www.foo.bar/status?html&full
; http://www.foo.bar/status?xml&full
; The Full status returns for each process:
; pid - the PID of the process;
; state - the state of the process (Idle, Running, ...);
; start time - the date and time the process has started;
; start since - the number of seconds since the process has started;
; requests - the number of requests the process has served;
; request duration - the duration in 缁?of the requests;
; request method - the request method (GET, POST, ...);
; request URI - the request URI with the query string;
; content length - the content length of the request (only with POST);
; user - the user (PHP_AUTH_USER) (or '-' if not set);
; script - the main script called (or '-' if not set);
; last request cpu - the %cpu the last request consumed
; it's always 0 if the process is not in Idle state
; because CPU calculation is done when the request
; processing has terminated;
; last request memory - the max amount of memory the last request consumed
; it's always 0 if the process is not in Idle state
; because memory calculation is done when the request
; processing has terminated;
; If the process is in Idle state, then informations are related to the
; last request the process has served. Otherwise informations are related to
; the current request being served.
; Example output:
; ************************
; pid: 31330
; state: Running
; start time: 01/Jul/2011:17:53:49 +0200
; start since: 63087
; requests: 12808
; request duration: 1250261
; request method: GET
; request URI: /test_mem.php?N=10000
; content length: 0
; user: -
; script: /home/fat/web/docs/php/test_mem.php
; last request cpu: 0.00
; last request memory: 0
;
; Note: There is a real-time FPM status monitoring sample web page available
; It's available in: /usr/local/webserver/php/share/php/fpm/status.html
;
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
; may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
;pm.status_path = /status
 
; The ping URI to call the monitoring page of FPM. If this value is not set, no
; URI will be recognized as a ping page. This could be used to test from outside
; that FPM is alive and responding, or to
; - create a graph of FPM availability (rrd or such);
; - remove a server from a group if it is not responding (load balancing);
; - trigger alerts for the operating team (24/7).
; Note: The value must start with a leading slash (/). The value can be
; anything, but it may not be a good idea to use the .php extension or it
; may conflict with a real PHP file.
; Default Value: not set
;ping.path = /ping
 
; This directive may be used to customize the response of a ping request. The
; response is formatted as text/plain with a 200 response code.
; Default Value: pong
;ping.response = pong
 
; The access log file
; Default: not set
;access.log = log/$pool.access.log
 
; The access log format.
; The following syntax is allowed
; %%: the '%' character
; %C: %CPU used by the request
; it can accept the following format:
; - %{user}C for user CPU only
; - %{system}C for system CPU only
; - %{total}C for user + system CPU (default)
; %d: time taken to serve the request
; it can accept the following format:
; - %{seconds}d (default)
; - %{miliseconds}d
; - %{mili}d
; - %{microseconds}d
; - %{micro}d
; %e: an environment variable (same as $_ENV or $_SERVER)
; it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the env
; variable. Some exemples:
; - server specifics like: %{REQUEST_METHOD}e or %{SERVER_PROTOCOL}e
; - HTTP headers like: %{HTTP_HOST}e or %{HTTP_USER_AGENT}e
; %f: script filename
; %l: content-length of the request (for POST request only)
; %m: request method
; %M: peak of memory allocated by PHP
; it can accept the following format:
; - %{bytes}M (default)
; - %{kilobytes}M
; - %{kilo}M
; - %{megabytes}M
; - %{mega}M
; %n: pool name
; %o: ouput header
; it must be associated with embraces to specify the name of the header:
; - %{Content-Type}o
; - %{X-Powered-By}o
; - %{Transfert-Encoding}o
; - ....
; %p: PID of the child that serviced the request
; %P: PID of the parent of the child that serviced the request
; %q: the query string
; %Q: the '?' character if query string exists
; %r: the request URI (without the query string, see %q and %Q)
; %R: remote IP address
; %s: status (response code)
; %t: server time the request was received
; it can accept a strftime(3) format:
; %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z (default)
; %T: time the log has been written (the request has finished)
; it can accept a strftime(3) format:
; %d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S %z (default)
; %u: remote user
;
; Default: "%R - %u %t \"%m %r\" %s"
;access.format = %R - %u %t "%m %r%Q%q" %s %f %{mili}d %{kilo}M %C%%
 
; The log file for slow requests
; Default Value: not set
; Note: slowlog is mandatory if request_slowlog_timeout is set
;slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow
 
; The timeout for serving a single request after which a PHP backtrace will be
; dumped to the 'slowlog' file. A value of '0s' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
;request_slowlog_timeout = 0
 
; The timeout for serving a single request after which the worker process will
; be killed. This option should be used when the 'max_execution_time' ini option
; does not stop script execution for some reason. A value of '0' means 'off'.
; Available units: s(econds)(default), m(inutes), h(ours), or d(ays)
; Default Value: 0
;request_terminate_timeout = 0
 
; Set open file descriptor rlimit.
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_files = 1024
 
; Set max core size rlimit.
; Possible Values: 'unlimited' or an integer greater or equal to 0
; Default Value: system defined value
;rlimit_core = 0
 
; Chroot to this directory at the start. This value must be defined as an
; absolute path. When this value is not set, chroot is not used.
; Note: you can prefix with '$prefix' to chroot to the pool prefix or one
; of its subdirectories. If the pool prefix is not set, the global prefix
; will be used instead.
; Note: chrooting is a great security feature and should be used whenever
; possible. However, all PHP paths will be relative to the chroot
; (error_log, sessions.save_path, ...).
; Default Value: not set
;chroot =
 
; Chdir to this directory at the start.
; Note: relative path can be used.
; Default Value: current directory or / when chroot
;chdir = /var/www
 
; Redirect worker stdout and stderr into main error log. If not set, stdout and
; stderr will be redirected to /dev/null according to FastCGI specs.
; Note: on highloaded environement, this can cause some delay in the page
; process time (several ms).
; Default Value: no
;catch_workers_output = yes
 
; Limits the extensions of the main script FPM will allow to parse. This can
; prevent configuration mistakes on the web server side. You should only limit
; FPM to .php extensions to prevent malicious users to use other extensions to
; exectute php code.
; Note: set an empty value to allow all extensions.
; Default Value: .php
;security.limit_extensions = .php .php3 .php4 .php5
 
; Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH. All $VARIABLEs are taken from
; the current environment.
; Default Value: clean env
;env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
;env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
;env[TMP] = /tmp
;env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
;env[TEMP] = /tmp
 
; Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. These settings
; overwrite the values previously defined in the php.ini. The directives are the
; same as the PHP SAPI:
; php_value/php_flag - you can set classic ini defines which can
; be overwritten from PHP call 'ini_set'.
; php_admin_value/php_admin_flag - these directives won't be overwritten by
; PHP call 'ini_set'
; For php_*flag, valid values are on, off, 1, 0, true, false, yes or no.
 
; Defining 'extension' will load the corresponding shared extension from
; extension_dir. Defining 'disable_functions' or 'disable_classes' will not
; overwrite previously defined php.ini values, but will append the new value
; instead.
 
; Note: path INI options can be relative and will be expanded with the prefix
; (pool, global or /usr/local/webserver/php)
 
; Default Value: nothing is defined by default except the values in php.ini and
; specified at startup with the -d argument
;php_admin_value[sendmail_path] = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i -f www@my.domain.com
;php_flag[display_errors] = off
;php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/fpm-php.www.log
;php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
;php_admin_value[memory_limit] = 32M
EOF

3.13.启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为2,最大进程数为128（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www

# ulimit -SHn 65535
# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start

注/etc/init.d/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。

4.安装Nginx

4.1.安装Nginx所需的pcre库

# cd pcre-8.33
./configure &>/dev/null
make &>/dev/null
make install &>/dev/null
cd ../

4.2.安装Nginx1.2.0

# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 /lib64

# cd nginx-1.2.0/
# ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
# make &>/dev/null
# make install
# cd ../

4.3.创建Nginx日志目录

# mkdir -p /data1/logs
# chmod +w /data1/logs
# chown -R www:www /data1/logs

4.4.创建Nginx配置文件

# >/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

# cat >>/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf <<\EOF
user www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log /data1/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
use epoll;
worker_connections 65535;
}

http
{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
  
#charset gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
 
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
 
keepalive_timeout 60;
 
tcp_nodelay on;
 
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
  
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1k;
gzip_buffers 4 16k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
 
#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;

log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
 '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';

log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
 '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; 
 
server
{
listen 80;
server_name  172.16.10.72;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/blog;
 
#limit_conn crawler 20;
 
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
 
 
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
{
expires 30d;
}
 
 
location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
{
expires 1h;
}
access_log /data1/logs/access.log access;
} 
 
server
{
listen 80;
server_name www.evill0m.com;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /data0/htdocs/www;
 
location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
{
#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
access_log /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs;
} 
 
server
{
listen 80;
server_name status.hosts.eivll0m.com;
  
location / {
stub_status on;
access_log off;
}
}
}
EOF

4.5.启动nginx

# ulimit -SHn 65535
# echo "ulimit -SHn 65535" >>/etc/rc.local
# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx 

4.6.创建nginx启动脚本

cat >>/etc/init.d/nginx<<\EOF
#!/bin/bash 
# 
# Startup script for the Nginx 
# chkconfig: - 88 63 
# description: Nginx is a free,open-source,high-performance HTTP Server and reverse proxy. 
# program:/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx 
# config:/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 
# pidfile:/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid 
 
# Synopsis: 
#        nginx [--help] [--version] {start|stop|restart|reload|status|update} 
 
 
# Define variable 
nginx=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx 
pidfile=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid 
PROGRAM=`basename $0` 
VERSION=1.0 
# Functions 
usage(){ 
    echo "Usage: $PROGRAM [--help] [--version] {start|stop|restart|reload|status|update}" 
} 
 
version(){ 
    echo "Version:$VERSION" 
} 
 
start(){ 
if [ -e $pidfile ] 
   then 
    echo "Nginx already running..." 
   else 
    echo -e "Starting Nginx:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\c" 
    /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx 
    echo -e "[ \c" 
    echo -e "\033[0;32mOK\033[0m\c" 
    echo -e " ]\c" 
    echo -e "\r" 
fi 
} 
 
stop(){ 
if [ -e $pidfile ] 
   then 
    echo -e "Stopping Nginx:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\c" 
    kill -TERM `cat ${pidfile}` 
    echo -e "[ \c" 
    echo -e "\033[0;32mOK\033[0m\c" 
    echo -e " ]\c" 
    echo -e "\r" 
   else 
    echo "Nginx already stopped..." 
fi 
} 
 
reload(){ 
if [ -e $pidfile ] 
   then 
    echo -e "Reloading Nginx:\t\t\t\t\t\t\c" 
    kill -HUP `cat ${pidfile}` 
    echo -e "[ \c" 
    echo -e "\033[0;32mOK\033[0m\c" 
    echo -e " ]\c" 
    echo -e "\r" 
   else 
    echo "Nginx is not running..." 
fi 
} 
 
status(){ 
    if [ -e $pidfile ] 
       then 
        PID=`cat $pidfile` 
        echo  "Nginx (pid $PID) is running..." 
       else 
        echo  "Nginx is stopped" 
    fi 
} 
 
update(){ 
if [ -e $pidfile ] 
   then 
    echo -e "Updateing Nginx:\t\t\t\t\t\t\c" 
    kill -USR2 `cat ${pidfile}` 
    echo -e "[ \c" 
    echo -e "\033[0;32mOK\033[0m\c" 
    echo -e " ]\c" 
    echo -e "\r" 
   else 
    echo "Nginx is not running..." 
fi 
} 
if [ $# -gt 0 ] 
   then 
    case $1 in 
        start) 
            start 
            ;; 
        stop) 
            stop 
            ;; 
        restart) 
            stop 
            start 
            ;; 
        reload) 
            reload 
            ;; 
        status) 
            status 
            ;; 
        update) 
            update 
            ;; 
        --help) 
            usage 
            ;; 
        --version) 
            version 
            ;; 
        *) 
            usage 
    esac 
   else 
    usage 
fi 
EOF

# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
# chkconfig --add nginx

4.6.优化Linux内核参数

# cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
#Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
 
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65535
EOF

# /sbin/sysctl -p
# modprobe bridge
# echo "modprobe bridge" >> /etc/rc.local

修改系统文件打数

# cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf<<EOF
* - nproc 102400
* - nofile 102400
EOF

4.7.创建测试页面

# echo "hello nginx" >/data0/htdocs/blog/index.html

# cat >>/data0/htdocs/blog/phpinfo.php <<EOF
<?php
phpinfo ();
?>
EOF

# cat >>/data0/htdocs/blog/index.php <<\EOF
<?php
$link=mysql_connect('localhost','root','');
if ($link)
             echo "Successfuly";
else
             echo "Faile";
mysql_close();
EOF

4.8.验证

4.9.平滑变更Nginx配置

4.9.1.修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确

# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

4.9.2.平滑重启

# /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

4.10.定时切割Nginx日志的脚本

4.10.1创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

# cat >>/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh <<\EOF
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
 
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"
 
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
EOF

4.10.2.设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志

# crontab -e
00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh