1.books系列表接口--teacher
# urls.py
from django.urls import path,re_path
from api import views
urlpatterns = [
path('books/', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
re_path('books/(?P<pk>\d+)', views.BookAPIView.as_view()),
]
# views.py
from rest_framework.response import Response
from api import models
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from api.ser import BookModelSerializer
class BookAPIView(APIView):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# 查询单个和查询所有,合到一起
# 查所有
book_list=models.Book.objects.all().filter(is_delete=False)
book_list_ser=BookModelSerializer(book_list,many=True)
return Response(data=book_list_ser.data)
# 查一个
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# 具备增单条,和增多条的功能
if isinstance(request.data,dict):
book_ser=BookModelSerializer(data=request.data)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_ser.save()
return Response(data=book_ser.data)
elif isinstance(request.data,list):
# 现在book_ser是ListSerializer对象
from rest_framework.serializers import ListSerializer
# 根据many=True,调用的是ListSerializer类 的create方法
book_ser = BookModelSerializer(data=request.data,many=True) # 增多条
print('--------',type(book_ser))
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_ser.save()
# 多条新增---》ListSerializer--》create方法
# def create(self, validated_data):
# self.child是BookModelSerializer对象
# print(type(self.child))
# return [
# self.child.create(attrs) for attrs in validated_data
# ]
return Response(data=book_ser.data)
def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
# 改一个和改多个
# 改一个
if kwargs.get('pk',None):
book=models.Book.objects.filter(pk=kwargs.get('pk')).first()
# partial=True,判断是否是局部修改
book_ser = BookModelSerializer(instance=book,data=request.data,partial=True) # 改一个
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_ser.save()
return Response(data=book_ser.data)
else:
# 改多个
# 前端传递数据格式[{id:1,name:xx,price:xx},{id:1,name:xx,price:xx}]
# 处理传入的数据 对象列表[book1,book2] 修改的数据列表[{name:xx,price:xx},{name:xx,price:xx}]
book_list=[]
modify_data=[]
for item in request.data:
# {id:1,name:xx,price:xx}
pk=item.pop('id')
book=models.Book.objects.get(pk=pk)
book_list.append(book)
modify_data.append(item)
# 第一种方案,for循环一个一个修改
# for i,si_data in enumerate(modify_data):
# book_ser = BookModelSerializer(instance=book_list[i], data=si_data)
# book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
# book_ser.save()
# return Response(data='成功')
# 第二种方案,重写ListSerializer的update方法
book_ser = BookModelSerializer(instance=book_list,data=modify_data,many=True)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_ser.save() # ListSerializer的update方法,自己写的update方法
return Response(book_ser.data)
def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
#单个删除和批量删除
pk=kwargs.get('pk')
pks=[]
if pk:
# 单条删除
pks.append(pk)
# 不管单条删除还是多条删除,都用多条删除
# 多条删除
# {'pks':[1,2,3]}
else:
pks=request.data.get('pks')
# 把is_delete设置成true
# ret返回受影响的行数
ret=models.Book.objects.filter(pk__in=pks,is_delete=False).update(is_delete=True)
if ret:
return Response(data={'msg':'删除成功'})
else:
return Response(data={'msg': '没有要删除的数据'})
ser.py
# 如果序列化的是数据库的表,尽量用ModelSerializer
from rest_framework import serializers
from api import models
# 写一个类,继承ListSerializer,重写父类的update()
class BookListSerializer(serializers.ListSerializer):
# def create(self, validated_data):
# print(validated_data)
# return super().create(validated_data)
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
print(instance)
print(validated_data)
# 保存数据
# self.child就是序列化类BookModelSerializer对象
return [
# self.child.update(对象,字典) for attrs in validated_data
self.child.update(instance[i],attrs) for i,attrs in enumerate(validated_data)
]
class BookModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
# 一种方案(只序列化可以,反序列化有问题)
# publish=serializers.CharField(source='publish.name')
# 第二种方案,models中写方法
class Meta:
list_serializer_class=BookListSerializer # 设置 自定义序列化器的列表类 默认是ListSerializer
model=models.Book
# fields='__all__'
# depth=0 # 用的少
fields = ('name','price','authors','publish','publish_name','author_list')
extra_kwargs={
'publish':{'write_only':True},
'publish_name':{'read_only':True},
'authors':{'write_only':True},
'author_list':{'read_only':True}
}
# models.py
from django.db import models
# 一般情况下:一个表中若写了id字段,那所有表都会写;要嘛,全都不写
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
class BaseModel(models.Model):
# 删除(用字段标记,不会真正的删除数据)
# 使用choices参数:二维的二元元组,第一个元素表示存在数据库内真实的值,第二个表示页面上显示的具体内容
# 获取显示的内容:get_字段名_display()
delete_choices = ((False, '未删除'), (True, '已删除'))
is_delete = models.BooleanField(choices=delete_choices, default=False)
# 布尔类型,实质在数据库表中 存放就是数据类型的 0和1
# 创建时间:
# 方式一:auto_now_add=True 创建记录时,自动把当前时间插入,后续不会改变(不需要手动插入时间)
create_time=models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
# 方式二:写默认值 (注意有坑:datetime.now不能加括号调用,因为加括号调用后,就是固定的时间数据--项目的执行时间)
import datetime
create_time=models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.now)
# 更新时间
# auto_now=True, 每次更新时,就会把当前时间插入
last_update_time=models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
class Meta:
# Meta可以控制(就是给当前类设定一些属性,当前类 通过orm 又对应数据库的表):
# 1.在admin中 将表名显示为自定义的名字 (原理:跟字段写verbose_name一样,设置当前类的别名)
# 复数形式,如果只设置verbose_name,在Admin会显示为“表名s”
verbose_name = '表名'
verbose_name_plural = "表名"
# 2.控制该表联合属性 (数据库中:单个字段,有索引,有唯一; 多个字段,有联合索引,联合唯一)
index_together=[] # 联合索引
unique_together=[] # 联合唯一
# 3.设置当前类为抽象类
abstract=True # 抽象类/模型类,表示该类只能用于继承,不会有实例化对象 (此处就是不在数据库建立出真正的表)
class Book(BaseModel):
id=models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
# verbose_name admin中会显示该别名
name=models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name='书名',help_text='这里填书名')
price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)
# 一对多的关系一旦确立,关联字段写在多的一方
# to_field 默认不写,关联到Publish主键
# db_constraint=False 逻辑上的关联,实质上没有外键联系,增删不会受外键影响,但是orm查询不影响
publish=models.ForeignKey(to='Publish',on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING,db_constraint=False)
# 多对多,跟作者,关联字段写在查询次数多的一方
# 什么时候用自动,什么时候用手动?第三张表只有关联字段,用自动;第三张表有扩展字段,需要手动写
# 不能写on_delete
authors=models.ManyToManyField(to='Author',db_constraint=False)
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural='书表' # admin中表名的显示
def __str__(self):
return self.name
@property
def publish_name(self):
return self.publish.name
def author_list(self):
author_list=self.authors.all()
# ll=[]
# for author in author_list:
# ll.append({'name':author.name,'sex':author.get_sex_display()})
# return ll
return [ {'name':author.name,'sex':author.get_sex_display()}for author in author_list]
class Publish(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
addr=models.CharField(max_length=32)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Author(BaseModel):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
sex=models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'男'),(2,'女')))
# 一对一关系,写在查询频率高的一方
# OneToOneField本质就是ForeignKey+unique,自己手写也可以
authordetail=models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail',db_constraint=False,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
class AuthorDetail(BaseModel):
mobile=models.CharField(max_length=11)
# 二、表断关联
1、表之间没有外键关联,但是有外键逻辑关联(有充当外键的字段)
2、断关联后不会影响数据库查询效率,但是会极大提高数据库增删改效率(不影响增删改查操作)
3、断关联一定要通过逻辑保证表之间数据的安全,不要出现脏数据,代码控制
4、断关联
5、级联关系
作者没了,详情也没:on_delete=models.CASCADE
出版社没了,书还是那个出版社出版:on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING
部门没了,员工没有部门(空不能):null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL
部门没了,员工进入默认部门(默认值):default=0, on_delete=models.SET_DEFAULT
2.books系列表接口--me
# url.py
from django.urls import path
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
path('books/<int:pk>', views.BookView.as_view())
]
# view.py
from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from app01.serializer import BookModelSerializer
from app01.models import Book
class BookView(ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateAPIView):
serializer_class = BookModelSerializer
queryset = Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 通过url的转化器(有名分组路由匹配数字给pk), 若有pk值,执行单查
if kwargs.get('pk'):
return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
# 没有pk值,执行多查
else:
return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 单增,直接调用 父类的create()
if isinstance(request.data, dict):
return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
# 多增,则是调用 ListSerializer的save() 保存
elif isinstance(request.data, list):
serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data, many=True)
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
serializer.save()
return Response(data=serializer.data)
def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 单改
if kwargs.get('pk'):
return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
# 多改 (重写ListSerializer的update方法)
# 前端传递数据格式[{id:1,name:xx,price:xx},{id:1,name:xx,price:xx}]
# 处理传入的数据 对象列表[book1,book2] 修改的数据列表[{name:xx,price:xx},{name:xx,price:xx}]
else:
book_list = []
modify_data = []
for item in request.data:
pk = item.pop('id')
book_obj = self.queryset.filter(pk=pk).first()
book_list.append(book_obj)
modify_data.append(item)
book_ser = BookModelSerializer(instance=book_list, data=modify_data, many=True)
book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
book_ser.save()
return Response(book_ser.data)
def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# 统一采用多条删除的方式
pk = kwargs.get('pk')
pks = []
if pk:
pks.append(pk)
else:
pks = request.data.get('pks')
print(pks)
res = Book.objects.filter(pk__in=pks, is_delete=False).update(is_delete=True)
if not res:
return Response(data={'code': 101, 'msg': '删除失败'})
return Response(data={'code': 100, 'msg': f'成功删除{res}条数据'})
# models.py
from django.db import models
class BaseModel(models.Model):
delete_choices = ((False, '未删除'), (True, '已删除'))
is_delete = models.BooleanField(choices=delete_choices, default=False, verbose_name='是否删除')
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='创建时间')
last_update_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True, verbose_name='更新时间')
class Meta:
abstract = True
class Book(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='书名')
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, verbose_name='价格')
publish = models.ForeignKey(to='Publish', on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING, db_constraint=False)
authors = models.ManyToManyField(to='Author', db_constraint=False)
@property
def authors_list(self):
authors = self.authors.all()
return [author.name for author in authors]
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = '图书表'
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Publish(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='名字')
address = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='地址')
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = '出版社表'
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class Author(BaseModel):
name = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='名字')
sex = models.IntegerField(choices=((1, '男'), (2, '女')), null=True, verbose_name='性别')
author_detail = models.OneToOneField(to='AuthorDetail', db_constraint=False,
on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name='作者详情')
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = '作者表'
def __str__(self):
return self.name
class AuthorDetail(BaseModel):
phone = models.CharField(max_length=11, verbose_name='电话')
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = '作者详情表'
def __str__(self):
return self.phone
# serializer.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from app01.models import Book
class BookListSerializer(serializers.ListSerializer):
def update(self, instance, validated_data):
return [
self.child.update(instance=instance[i], validated_data=attrs) for i, attrs in enumerate(validated_data)
]
class BookModelSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
list_serializer_class = BookListSerializer
model = Book
fields = ['name', 'price', 'publish', 'publish_name', 'authors', 'authors_list']
extra_kwargs = {
'publish': {'write_only': True},
'publish_name': {'read_only': True},
'authors': {'write_only': True},
'author_list': {'read_only': True}
}
publish_name = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
def get_publish_name(self, instance):
return instance.publish.name
作业
# 1 一个表可不可以有多个自增字段
不可以,猜测:因为若是有多个自增字段(默认就不会为空了),那么就相当于有多个主键