Linux USB驱动学习总结(二)---- USB设备驱动

USB 设备驱动:

一、USB 描述符:(存在于USB 的E2PROM里面)

1、  设备描述符:struct usb_device_descriptor

2、  配置描述符:struct usb_config_descriptor

3、  接口描述符:struct usb_interface_descriptor

4、  端点描述符:struct usb_endpoint_descriptor

 

通过命令lsusb 列出系统中所有的USB设备:

通过命令lsusb -v 列出系统中所有的USB设备的各个描述符信息:

设备描述符:

struct usb_device_descriptor {
    __u8  bLength; ///长度
    __u8  bDescriptorType; ///描述符类型

    __le16 bcdUSB;
    __u8  bDeviceClass;///设备类型
    __u8  bDeviceSubClass;///设备子类型
    __u8  bDeviceProtocol;///协议
    __u8  bMaxPacketSize0;///最大传输大小
    __le16 idVendor;///厂商 ID
    __le16 idProduct;///设备 ID
    __le16 bcdDevice;///
    __u8  iManufacturer;
    __u8  iProduct;
    __u8  iSerialNumber;///序列号
    __u8  bNumConfigurations;///包含的配置数目(每个USB设备会对应多个配置)
} __attribute__ ((packed));

配置描述符:

struct usb_config_descriptor {         ///USB 配置描述符

         __u8  bLength;

         __u8  bDescriptorType;

 

         __le16 wTotalLength;///总长度

         __u8  bNumInterfaces;///接口数目(每个接口代表一种功能)

         __u8  bConfigurationValue;///

         __u8  iConfiguration;

         __u8  bmAttributes;

         __u8  bMaxPower;

} __attribute__ ((packed));

 

 

接口描述符:

 

struct usb_interface_descriptor { ///USB 接口描述符

         __u8  bLength;

         __u8  bDescriptorType;

 

         __u8  bInterfaceNumber;

         __u8  bAlternateSetting;

         __u8  bNumEndpoints;

         __u8  bInterfaceClass;

         __u8  bInterfaceSubClass;

         __u8  bInterfaceProtocol;

         __u8  iInterface;

} __attribute__ ((packed));

 

 

端点描述符:

struct usb_endpoint_descriptor {   ///USB 端点描述符(每个USB设备最多有16个端点)

         __u8  bLength; ///描述符的字节长度

         __u8  bDescriptorType;///描述符类型,对于端点就是USB_DT_ENDPOINT

 

         __u8  bEndpointAddress;///bit0~3表示端点地址,bit8 表示方向,输入还是输出

         __u8  bmAttributes;///属性(bit0、bit1构成传输类型,00--控制,01--等时,10--批量,11--中断)

         __le16 wMaxPacketSize;///端点一次可以处理的最大字节数

         __u8  bInterval;///希望主机轮询自己的时间间隔

 

         /* NOTE:  these two are _only_ in audio endpoints. */

         /* use USB_DT_ENDPOINT*_SIZE in bLength, not sizeof. */

         __u8  bRefresh;

         __u8  bSynchAddress;

} __attribute__ ((packed));

 

 

二、USB的传输方式:(不同的设备对于传输的数据各有各的要求)

1、  控制传输---获取/配置设备

2、  中断传输---例如USB鼠标、USB键盘(这里说的中断和硬件上下文的中断不一样,它不是设备主动发送一个中断请求,而是主控制器在保证不大于某个时间间隔interval内安排的一次数据传输)

3、  批量传输---用于大容量数据传输,没有固定的传输速率,例如usb打印机、扫描仪、U盘等,对应的端点就叫批量端点

4、  等时传输---可以传输大批量数据,但是对数据是否到达没有保证,对实时性要求很高, 例如音频、视频等设备(USB摄像头、USB话筒),对应的端点就叫等时端点

 

三、URB(usb request block),USB请求块

urb 是usb数据传输机制使用的核心数据结构,urb供usb协议栈使用;

struct urb { //由主机控制器发送给USB设备
    struct kref kref;        /* reference count of the URB */
    void *hcpriv;            /* private data for host controller */
    atomic_t use_count;        /* concurrent submissions counter */
    atomic_t reject;        /* submissions will fail */

    struct list_head urb_list;    /* list head for use by the urb's
                     * current owner */
    struct list_head anchor_list;    /* the URB may be anchored */
    struct usb_anchor *anchor;
    struct usb_device *dev;        /* (in) pointer to associated device */ ///urb所发送的目标指针,在urb可以被发送到USB核心之前必须由USB驱动程序初始化
    struct usb_host_endpoint *ep;    /* (internal) pointer to endpoint */
    unsigned int pipe;    //通过端点的number来得到,决定了主机数据要发送给哪一个设备
    unsigned int stream_id;        /* (in) stream ID */
    int status;            /* (return) non-ISO status */
    unsigned int transfer_flags;    /* (in) URB_SHORT_NOT_OK | ...*/
    void *transfer_buffer;        /* (in) associated data buffer */ ///in---接收数据buffer,out----发送数据buffer
    dma_addr_t transfer_dma;    /* (in) dma addr for transfer_buffer *////存在于支持DMA的设备
    struct scatterlist *sg;        /* (in) scatter gather buffer list */
    int num_mapped_sgs;        /* (internal) mapped sg entries */
    int num_sgs;            /* (in) number of entries in the sg list */
    u32 transfer_buffer_length;    /* (in) data buffer length */
    u32 actual_length;        /* (return) actual transfer length */
    unsigned char *setup_packet;    /* (in) setup packet (control only) */
    dma_addr_t setup_dma;        /* (in) dma addr for setup_packet */
    int start_frame;        /* (modify) start frame (ISO) */
    int number_of_packets;        /* (in) number of ISO packets */
    int interval;            /* (modify) transfer interval ///主机轮询的时间间隔
    void *context;            /* (in) context for completion *////上下文
    usb_complete_t complete;    /* (in) completion routine *////完成例程(回调)--当主机发送完urb,设备返回回应信号时执行
};

 

urb的使用方法:

1、  分配urb

struct urb *usb_alloc_urb(int iso_packets, gfp_t mem_flags);  //\drivers\usb\core\urb.c

2、  初始化urb

void usb_fill_[control | int | bulk]_urb{ } ///对应控制传输、中断传输、批量传输

3、  提交urb(提交给主控制器,由主控制器发送给USB设备)

(1)  异步提交urb,提交完成后执行通过usb_fill_[control | int | bulk]_urb 传入的回调函数

int usb_submit_urb(struct urb *urb, gfp_t mem_flags); //\drivers\usb\core\urb.c

(2) 同步提交urb

int  usb_[control | interrupt | bulk]_msg ()  //\drivers\usb\core\Message.c

 

四、usb驱动数据结构 usb_device

 1 struct usb_device {  ///描述一个USB 设备
 2     int        devnum;
 3     char        devpath[16];
 4     u32        route;
 5     enum usb_device_state    state;
 6     enum usb_device_speed    speed;
 7 
 8     struct usb_tt    *tt;
 9     int        ttport;
10 
11     unsigned int toggle[2];
12 
13     struct usb_device *parent;
14     struct usb_bus *bus;
15     struct usb_host_endpoint ep0;
16 
17     struct device dev;
18 
19     struct usb_device_descriptor descriptor;
20     struct usb_host_bos *bos;
21     struct usb_host_config *config;
22 
23     struct usb_host_config *actconfig;
24     struct usb_host_endpoint *ep_in[16];
25     struct usb_host_endpoint *ep_out[16];
26 
27     char **rawdescriptors;
28 
29     unsigned short bus_mA;
30     u8 portnum;
31     u8 level;
32 
33     unsigned can_submit:1;
34     unsigned persist_enabled:1;
35     unsigned have_langid:1;
36     unsigned authorized:1;
37     unsigned authenticated:1;
38     unsigned wusb:1;
39     unsigned lpm_capable:1;
40     unsigned usb2_hw_lpm_capable:1;
41     unsigned usb2_hw_lpm_besl_capable:1;
42     unsigned usb2_hw_lpm_enabled:1;
43     unsigned usb2_hw_lpm_allowed:1;
44     unsigned usb3_lpm_enabled:1;
45     int string_langid;
46 
47     /* static strings from the device */
48     char *product;
49     char *manufacturer;
50     char *serial;
51 
52     struct list_head filelist;
53 
54     int maxchild;
55 
56     u32 quirks;
57     atomic_t urbnum;
58 
59     unsigned long active_duration;
60 
61 #ifdef CONFIG_PM
62     unsigned long connect_time;
63 
64     unsigned do_remote_wakeup:1;
65     unsigned reset_resume:1;
66     unsigned port_is_suspended:1;
67 #endif
68     struct wusb_dev *wusb_dev;
69     int slot_id;
70     enum usb_device_removable removable;
71     struct usb2_lpm_parameters l1_params;
72     struct usb3_lpm_parameters u1_params;
73     struct usb3_lpm_parameters u2_params;
74     unsigned lpm_disable_count;
75 };

 

五、  管道

每个端点通过管道和usb主控制器连接,管道包括以下几个部分:

(1)     端点地址

(2)     数据传输方向(in 或 out)

(3)     数据传输模式

usb_[rcv| snd| ctrl| int| bulk| isoc ]pipe

根据端点地址、传输方式和传输方向创建不同的pipe:

#define usb_sndctrlpipe(dev, endpoint)    \
    ((PIPE_CONTROL << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint))
#define usb_rcvctrlpipe(dev, endpoint)    \
    ((PIPE_CONTROL << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint) | USB_DIR_IN)
#define usb_sndisocpipe(dev, endpoint)    \
    ((PIPE_ISOCHRONOUS << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint))
#define usb_rcvisocpipe(dev, endpoint)    \
    ((PIPE_ISOCHRONOUS << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint) | USB_DIR_IN)
#define usb_sndbulkpipe(dev, endpoint)    \
    ((PIPE_BULK << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint))
#define usb_rcvbulkpipe(dev, endpoint)    \
    ((PIPE_BULK << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint) | USB_DIR_IN)
#define usb_sndintpipe(dev, endpoint)    \
    ((PIPE_INTERRUPT << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint))
#define usb_rcvintpipe(dev, endpoint)    \
    ((PIPE_INTERRUPT << 30) | __create_pipe(dev, endpoint) | USB_DIR_IN

 

posted on 2016-01-05 15:50  图灵之梦  阅读(5815)  评论(1编辑  收藏  举报