C++中的析构函数
转载:http://blog.csdn.net/weizhee/article/details/562833
析构函数在下边3种情况时被调用:
1.对象生命周期结束,被销毁时;
2.delete指向对象的指针时,或delete指向对象的基类类型指针,而其基类虚构函数是虚函数时;
3.对象i是对象o的成员,o的析构函数被调用时,对象i的析构函数也被调用。
情况1请看下边代码:
#include<iostream.h>
class A
{
public:
A()
{
cout<<"constructing A"<<endl;
}
~A()
{
cout<<"destructing A"<<endl;
}
private:
int a;
};
class B: public A
{
public:
B()
{
cout<<"constructing B"<<endl;
}
~B()
{
cout<<"destructing B"<<endl;
}
private:
int b;
};
void main()
{
B b;
}
运行结果为:
constructing A
constructing B
destructing B
destructing A
上述代码还说明了一件事:析构函数的调用顺序与构造函数的调用顺序相反。
情况2则正好说明了为什么基类应该把析构函数声明为虚函数,请先看下边的例子:
#include<iostream.h>
class A
{
public:
A()
{
cout<<"constructing A"<<endl;
}
~A()
{
cout<<"destructing A"<<endl;
}
private:
int a;
};
class B: public A
{
public:
B()
{
cout<<"constructing B"<<endl;
}
~B()
{
cout<<"destructing B"<<endl;
}
private:
int b;
};
void main()
{
A* a = new B;
delete a;
}
运行结果为:
constructing A
constructing B
destructing A
若将class A中的析构函数声明为虚函数,运行结果将变成:
constructing A
constructing B
destructing B
destructing A
由此还可以看出虚函数还是多态的基础,才c++中没有虚函数就无法实现多态。因为不声明成虚函数就不能“推迟联编”,所以不能实现多态。这点上和java不同,java总是“推迟联编”的,所以也剩了这些麻烦。
扯远了,再看情况3,通过下边代码表示:
#include<iostream.h>
class A
{
public:
A()
{
cout<<"constructing A"<<endl;
}
~A()
{
cout<<"destructing A"<<endl;
}
private:
int a;
};
class C
{
public:
C()
{
cout<<"constructing C"<<endl;
}
~C()
{
cout<<"destructing C"<<endl;
}
private:
int c;
};
class B: public A
{
public:
B()
{
cout<<"constructing B"<<endl;
}
~B()
{
cout<<"destructing B"<<endl;
}
private:
int b;
C c;
};
void main()
{
B b;
}
运行结果为:
constructing A
constructing C
constructing B
destructing B
destructing C
destructing A
b的析构函数调用之后,又调用了b的成员c的析构函数,同时再次验证了析构函数的调用顺序与构造函数的调用顺序相反。
若将上边的代码中的main()函数内容改成
A* a = new B;
delete a;
由情况2我们知道,这将不会调用class B的析构函数不会被调用,所以class C的析构函数也不会被调用。
正如我们想的,运行结果为:
constructing A
constructing C
constructing B
destructing A