Spring框架第五篇之Spring与AOP

一、AOP概述

AOP(Aspect Orient Programming),面向切面编程,是面向对象编程OOP的一种补充。面向对象编程是从静态角度考虑程序的结构,而面向切面编程是从动态角度考虑程序运行过程。

AOP底层就是采用动态代理模式实现的,采用了两种代理:JDK的动态代理与CGLIB的动态代理。

面向切面编程,就是将交叉业务逻辑封装成切面,利用AOP容器的功能将切面织入到主业务逻辑中。所谓交叉业务逻辑是指,通用的、与主业务逻辑无关的代码。如安全检查、事务、日志等。

若不是用AOP,则会出现代码纠缠,即交叉业务逻辑与主业务逻辑混合在一起,这样会使主业务逻辑变的混杂不清。

二、通知Advice

1、通知详解

(1)前置通知MethodBeforeAdvice

定义前置通知,需要实现MethodBeforeAdvice接口。该接口中有一个方法before(),会在目标方法执行之前执行。

前置通知的特点:

1、在目标方法执行之前执行。

2、不改变目标方法的执行流程,前置通知代码不能阻止目标方法执行。

3、不改变目标方法执行的结果。

 举例:

创建IService接口:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.beforeadvice;

public interface IService {

    void doFirst();

    void doSecond();

}

创建接口的实现类:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.beforeadvice;

public class SomeServiceImpl implements IService {

    @Override
    public void doFirst() {
        System.out.println("执行doFirst()方法");
    }

    @Override
    public void doSecond() {
        System.out.println("执行doFirst()方法");
    }

}

创建前置通知类MyMethodBeforeAdvice,该类必须实现MethodBeforeAdvice接口:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.beforeadvice;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;

/**
 * 前置通知
 * 
 * @author Root
 */
public class MyMethodBeforeAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice {

    // 当前方法在目标方法执行之前执行
    // method:目标方法
    // args:目标方法参数列表
    // target:目标对象
    @Override
    public void before(Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
        // 对于目标方法的增强代码就写在这里
        System.out.println("执行前置通知...");
    }

}

配置XML文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
    <!-- 1、注册目标对象 -->
    <bean id="someService" class="com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.beforeadvice.SomeServiceImpl"/>
    
    <!-- 2、注册切面:通知 -->
    <bean id="myAdvice" class="com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.beforeadvice.MyMethodBeforeAdvice"/>
    
    <!-- 3、生成代理对象 -->
    <bean id="serviceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <!-- 指定目标对象 -->
        <!-- <property name="targetName" value="someService"/> -->
        <property name="target" ref="someService"/>
        <!-- 指定切面 -->
        <property name="interceptorNames" value="myAdvice"/>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

测试:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.beforeadvice;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {

    @Test
    public void test() {
        
        String resource = "com/ietree/spring/basic/aop/beforeadvice/applicationContext.xml";
        
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(resource);
    
        IService service = (IService)ac.getBean("serviceProxy");
        
        service.doFirst();
        System.out.println("==============");
        service.doSecond();
    }

}

输出:

执行前置通知...
执行doFirst()方法
==============
执行前置通知...
执行doFirst()方法

注意:执行之前需要导入spring-aop-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar包

(2)后置通知AfterReturningAdvice

定义前置通知,需要实现AfterReturningAdvice接口。该接口中有一个方法afterReturning(),会在目标方法执行之后执行。

后置通知的特点:

1、在目标方法执行之后执行。

2、不改变目标方法的执行流程,后置通知代码不能阻止目标方法执行。

3、不改变目标方法执行的结果。

大致流程和前置通知差不多,这里就简单列举一下不同之处:

创建后置通知类并实现AfterReturningAdvice接口,重写afterReturning()方法:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.afterreturningadvice;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;

/**
 * 后置通知:可以获取到目标方法的返回结果,但是无法改变目标方法的结果
 * 
 * @author Root
 */
public class MyAfterReturningAdvice implements AfterReturningAdvice {

    // 在目标方法执行之后执行
    // returnValue:目标方法的返回值
    @Override
    public void afterReturning(Object returnValue, Method method, Object[] args, Object target) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("执行后置通知方法 returnValue = " + returnValue);
    }

}

配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
    <!-- 1、注册目标对象 -->
    <bean id="someService" class="com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.afterreturningadvice.SomeServiceImpl"/>
    
    <!-- 2、注册切面:通知 -->
    <bean id="myAdvice" class="com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.afterreturningadvice.MyAfterReturningAdvice"/>
    
    <!-- 3、生成代理对象 -->
    <bean id="serviceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <!-- 指定目标对象 -->
        <property name="target" ref="someService"/>
        <!-- 指定切面 -->
        <property name="interceptorNames" value="myAdvice"/>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

注意:后置通知可以获取到目标方法的返回结果,但是无法改变目标方法执行的返回结果。

(3)环绕通知MethodInterceptor

 定义环绕通知,需要实现MethodInterceptor接口。环绕通知,也叫方法拦截器,可以在目标方法调用之前及之后做处理,可以改变目标方法的返回值,也可以改变程序执行流程。

创建环绕通知类MyMethodInterceptor,实现MethodInterceptor接口:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.methodinterceptor;

import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;

// 环绕通知:可以修改目标方法的返回结果
public class MyMethodInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor {

    @Override
    public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
        
        System.out.println("执行环绕通知:目标方法执行之前");
        // 执行目标方法
        Object result = invocation.proceed();
        
        System.out.println("执行环绕通知:目标方法执行之后");
        if(null != result)
        {
            result = ((String)result).toUpperCase();
        }
        return result;
    }

}

配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
    <!-- 1、注册目标对象 -->
    <bean id="someService" class="com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.methodinterceptor.SomeServiceImpl"/>
    
    <!-- 2、注册切面:通知 -->
    <bean id="myAdvice" class="com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.methodinterceptor.MyMethodInterceptor"/>
    
    <!-- 3、生成代理对象 -->
    <bean id="serviceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <!-- 指定目标对象 -->
        <!-- <property name="targetName" value="someService"/> -->
        <property name="target" ref="someService"/>
        <!-- 指定切面 -->
        <property name="interceptorNames" value="myAdvice"/>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

测试:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.methodinterceptor;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {

    @Test
    public void test() {
        
        String resource = "com/ietree/spring/basic/aop/methodinterceptor/applicationContext.xml";
        
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(resource);
    
        IService service = (IService)ac.getBean("serviceProxy");
        
        service.doFirst();
        System.out.println("==============");
        
        String result = service.doSecond();
        System.out.println(result);
    }

}

输出:

执行环绕通知:目标方法执行之前
执行doFirst()方法
执行环绕通知:目标方法执行之后
==============
执行环绕通知:目标方法执行之前
执行doSecond()方法
执行环绕通知:目标方法执行之后
ABCDE

注意:环绕通知不仅可以获取到方法的返回结果,而且还可以修改方法的返回结果。

(4)异常通知ThrowsAdvice

异常分两种:
1)运行时异常,不进行处理,也可以通过编译。若一个类继承自RunTimeException,则该异常就是运行时异常
 2)编译时异常,受查异常,Checked Exception。不进行处理,则无法通过编译。若一个类继承自Exception,则该异常就是受查异常。

创建接口IService:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.throwsadvice;

public interface IService {
    // 用户登录
    boolean login(String username, String password) throws UserException;
}

创建接口实现类SomeServiceImpl:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.throwsadvice;

public class SomeServiceImpl implements IService {

    @Override
    public boolean login(String username, String password) throws UserException {
        if (!"jack".equals(username)) {
            throw new UsernameException("用户名错误!");
        }
        if (!"123".equals(password)) {
            throw new PasswordException("密码错误!");
        }
//        double i = 3 / 0;
        return true;
    }

}

创建三个自定义异常:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.throwsadvice;

/**
 * 自定义异常
 * 异常分两种:
 * 1)运行时异常,不进行处理,也可以通过编译。若一个类继承自RunTimeException,则该异常就是运行时异常
 * 2)编译时异常,受查异常,Checked Exception。不进行处理,则无法通过编译。若一个类继承自Exception,则该异常就是受查异常。
 * 
 * @author Root
 */
public class UserException extends Exception {

    public UserException() {
        super();
    }

    public UserException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }

}

用户名异常:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.throwsadvice;

public class UsernameException extends UserException {

    public UsernameException() {
        super();
    }

    public UsernameException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }

}

密码异常:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.throwsadvice;

public class PasswordException extends UserException {

    public PasswordException() {
        super();
    }

    public PasswordException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }

}

定义异常通知:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.throwsadvice;

import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;

/**
 * 异常通知 当目标方法抛出与指定类型的异常具有is-a关系的异常时,执行当前方法afterThrowing()
 * 
 * @author Root
 */
public class MyThrowsAdvice implements ThrowsAdvice {

    // 当目标方法抛出UsernameException异常时,执行当前方法
    public void afterThrowing(UsernameException ex) {
        System.out.println("发生用户名异常 ex = " + ex.getMessage());
    }

    // 当目标方法抛出UsernameException异常时,执行当前方法
    public void afterThrowing(PasswordException ex) {
        System.out.println("发生密码异常 ex = " + ex.getMessage());
    }

    // 当目标方法抛出UsernameException异常时,执行当前方法
    public void afterThrowing(Exception ex) {
        System.out.println("发生其它异常 ex = " + ex.getMessage());
    }
}

配置文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
    <!-- 1、注册目标对象 -->
    <bean id="someService" class="com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.throwsadvice.SomeServiceImpl"/>
    
    <!-- 2、注册切面:通知 -->
    <bean id="myAdvice" class="com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.throwsadvice.MyThrowsAdvice"/>
    
    <!-- 3、生成代理对象 -->
    <bean id="serviceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <!-- 指定目标对象 -->
        <!-- <property name="targetName" value="someService"/> -->
        <property name="target" ref="someService"/>
        <!-- 指定切面 -->
        <property name="interceptorNames" value="myAdvice"/>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

测试:

package com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.throwsadvice;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {

    @Test
    public void test() throws UserException {
        
        String resource = "com/ietree/spring/basic/aop/throwsadvice/applicationContext.xml";
        
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(resource);
    
        IService service = (IService)ac.getBean("serviceProxy");
        
        service.login("jack", "123");
    }

}

 (5)同时使用多个通知的配置方法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
    <!-- 1、注册目标对象 -->
    <bean id="someService" class="com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.multipleadvice.SomeServiceImpl"/>
    
    <!-- 2、注册切面:通知 -->
    <!-- 前置通知 -->
    <bean id="beforeAdvice" class="com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.multipleadvice.MyMethodBeforeAdvice"/>
    <!-- 后置通知 -->
    <bean id="afterAdvice" class="com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.multipleadvice.MyAfterReturningAdvice"/>
    
    <!-- 3、生成代理对象 -->
    <bean id="serviceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <!-- 指定目标对象 -->
        <property name="target" ref="someService"/>
        <!-- 指定切面 -->
        <!-- 方式一 -->
        <property name="interceptorNames" value="beforeAdvice,afterAdvice"/>
        <!-- 方式二 -->
        <!-- <property name="interceptorNames">
            <array>
                <value>beforeAdvice</value>
                <value>afterAdvice</value>
            </array>
        </property> -->
    </bean>
    
</beans>

 

三、顾问Advisor

 通知(Advice)是Spring提供的一种切面(Aspect)。但其功能过于简单:只能将切面织入到目标类的所有方法中,无法完成将切面织入到指定目标方法中。

顾问(Advisor)是Spring提供的另一种切面。它可以完成更为复杂的切面织入功能。PointcutAdvisor是顾问的一种,可以指定具体的切入点。顾问将通知进行了包装,会根据不同的通知类型,在不同的时间点,将切面织入到不同的切入点。

PointcutAdvisor接口有两个较为常用的实现类:

NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor:名称匹配方法切入点顾问

RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor:正则表达式匹配方法切入点顾问

1、名称匹配方法切入点顾问NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor

 NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor,即名称匹配方法切入点顾问。容器可根据配置文件中指定的方法名来设置切入点。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
    <!-- 1、注册目标对象 -->
    <bean id="someService" class="com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.advisor.namematchmethodpointcutadvisor.SomeServiceImpl"/>
    
    <!-- 2、注册切面:通知 -->
    <bean id="myAdvice" class="com.ietree.spring.basic.aop.advisor.namematchmethodpointcutadvisor.MyMethodBeforeAdvice"/>
    
    <!-- 3、注册顾问:顾问 -->
    <bean id="myAdvisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.NameMatchMethodPointcutAdvisor">
        <!-- 指定切面 -->
        <property name="advice" ref="myAdvice"/>
        <!-- 指定切入点 -->
        <!-- <property name="mappedName" value="doFirst"/> -->
        <!-- <property name="mappedNames" value="doFirst,doSecond"/> -->
        <property name="mappedNames" value="*ir*"/>
    </bean>
    
    <!-- 4、生成代理对象 -->
    <bean id="serviceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <!-- 指定目标对象 -->
        <property name="target" ref="someService"/>
        <!-- 指定顾问-->
        <property name="interceptorNames" value="myAdvisor"/>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

 

2、正则表达式匹配方法切入点顾问RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor

 RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor,即正则表达式方法顾问。容器可根据正则表达式来设置切入点。注意,与正则表达式进行匹配的对象是接口中的方法名,而非目标类(接口实现类)的方法名。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">
           
    <!--1、注册目标类-->
    <bean id="someServiceImpl" class="com.ietree.spring.aop.advisor.SomeServiceImpl"></bean>
    <!-- 2、注册通知 -->
    <bean id="myAdvice" class="com.ietree.spring.aop.advisor.MyMethodBeforeAdvice"></bean>

    <bean id="myAdvisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
        <property name="advice" ref="myAdvice"></property>
        <!-- 这里的正则表达式匹配的对象是全限定性方法名 -->
        <!-- 方式一 -->
        <!--<property name="pattern" value=".*doFirst"/>-->
        <!-- 方式二 -->
        <!--<property name="patterns" value=".*doFirst,.*doSecond"/>-->
        <!-- 方式三 -->
        <!--<property name="pattern" value=".*doFirst|.*doSecond"/>-->
    </bean>

    <!-- 生成代理对象 -->
    <bean id="serviceProxy" class="org.springframework.aop.framework.ProxyFactoryBean">
        <property name="target" ref="someServiceImpl"/>
        <property name="interceptorNames" value="myAdvisor"/>
    </bean>

</beans>
           

测试:

package com.ietree.spring.aop.advisor;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * Created by Root on 2017/7/3.
 */
public class Test {

    @org.junit.Test
    public void test01(){

        String resource = "com/ietree/spring/aop/advisor/applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(resource);

        ISomeService service = (ISomeService)ac.getBean("serviceProxy");
        service.doFirst();
        System.out.println("==========================");
        service.doSecond();
        System.out.println("==========================");
        service.doThird();

    }

}

 

四、自动代理生成器

 1、默认advisor自动代理生成器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
           
    <!--1、注册目标类-->
    <bean id="someServiceImpl" class="com.ietree.spring.aop.defaultadvisorautoproxycreator.SomeServiceImpl"></bean>
    <bean id="someServiceImpl2" class="com.ietree.spring.aop.defaultadvisorautoproxycreator.SomeServiceImpl"></bean>
    <!-- 2、注册通知 -->
    <bean id="myAdvice" class="com.ietree.spring.aop.defaultadvisorautoproxycreator.MyMethodBeforeAdvice"></bean>

    <bean id="myAdvisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
        <property name="advice" ref="myAdvice"></property>
        <!-- 这里的正则表达式匹配的对象是全限定性方法名 -->
        <property name="pattern" value=".*doFirst"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 注册默认自动代理生成器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator"/>

</beans> 
           

测试:

package com.ietree.spring.aop.defaultadvisorautoproxycreator;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * Created by Root on 2017/7/3.
 */
public class Test {

    @org.junit.Test
    public void test01(){

        String resource = "com/ietree/spring/aop/defaultadvisorautoproxycreator/applicationContext.xml";
        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(resource);

        ISomeService service = (ISomeService)ac.getBean("someServiceImpl");
        service.doFirst();
        System.out.println("==========================");
        service.doSecond();
        System.out.println("==========================");
        service.doThird();

        System.out.println("----------------------------------");

        ISomeService service2 = (ISomeService)ac.getBean("someServiceImpl2");
        service2.doFirst();
        System.out.println("==========================");
        service2.doSecond();
        System.out.println("==========================");
        service2.doThird();
    }

}

注意:使用DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator自动代理生成器会有以下几个问题:

1)不能选择目标对象。

2)不能选择切面类型,切面只能是advisor。

3)不能选择advisor,所有的advisor都将被作为切面织入到目标方法中。

需要解决这几个问题,需要使用Bean名称自动代理生成器实现。

2、Bean名称自动代理生成器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
           
    <!--1、注册目标类-->
    <bean id="someService" class="com.ietree.spring.aop.defaultadvisorautoproxycreator.SomeServiceImpl"></bean>
    <bean id="someService2" class="com.ietree.spring.aop.defaultadvisorautoproxycreator.SomeServiceImpl"></bean>
    <!-- 2、注册通知 -->
    <bean id="myAdvice" class="com.ietree.spring.aop.defaultadvisorautoproxycreator.MyMethodBeforeAdvice"></bean>
    <!-- 3、注册顾问 -->
    <bean id="myAdvisor" class="org.springframework.aop.support.RegexpMethodPointcutAdvisor">
        <property name="advice" ref="myAdvice"></property>
        <!-- 这里的正则表达式匹配的对象是全限定性方法名 -->
        <property name="pattern" value=".*doFirst"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 注册默认自动代理生成器 -->
    <!--<bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.DefaultAdvisorAutoProxyCreator"/>-->

    <!-- 注册Bean名称自动代理生成器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
        <property name="beanNames" value="someService"/>
        <property name="interceptorNames" value="myAdvisor"/>
    </bean>

</beans>
           

 

五、AspectJ对AOP的实现

1、AspectJ基本概念 

AspectJ切入表达式原型:

execution(
      [modifiers-pattern] 访问权限类型
      ret-type-pattern 返回值类型
      [declaring-type-pattern] 全限定性类名
      name-pattern(param-pattern)方法名(参数名)
      [throws-pattern] 抛出异常类型
 )

其中,带有[ ]的部分是可以省略的,红色的部分是不能省略的部分。

还可以使用以下符号:

符号 意义
* 0至多个任意字符
..

用在方法参数中,表示任意多个参数。

用在包名后,表示当前包及其子包路径。

+

用在类名后,表示当前类及其子类。

用在接口后,表示当前接口及其实现类。

 

2、基于注解方式的实现

首先创建切面类 MyAspectJ:

package com.ietree.spring.aop.aspectj.annotation;

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import java.util.Locale;

/**
 * 切面类
 * <p>
 * Created by Root on 2017/7/5.
 */
@Aspect // 表示当前类为切面类
public class MyAspectJ {

    // 设置前置通知
    @Before("execution(* *..ISomeService.doFirst(..))")
    public void before() {
        System.out.println("执行前置通知方法...");
    }

    @Before("execution(* *..ISomeService.doFirst(..))")
    public void before(JoinPoint jp) {
        System.out.println("执行前置通知方法,jp = " + jp);
    }

    // 设置后置通知
    @AfterReturning("execution(* *..ISomeService.doSecond(..))")
    public void afterReturning() {
        System.out.println("执行后置通知方法...");
    }

    @AfterReturning(value = "execution(* *..ISomeService.doSecond(..))", returning = "result")
    public void afterReturning(Object result) {
        System.out.println("执行后置通知方法, result = " + result);
    }

    // 设置环绕通知
    @Around("execution(* *..ISomeService.doSecond(..))")
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("执行环绕通知方法之前...");
        // 执行目标方法
        Object result = pjp.proceed();
        System.out.println("执行环绕通知方法之后...");
        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(result)) {
            result = ((String) result).toUpperCase(Locale.US);
        }
        return result;
    }

    // 设置异常通知
    @AfterThrowing("execution(* *..ISomeService.doThird(..))")
    public void afterThrowing() {
        System.out.println("执行异常通知方法...");
    }

    // 设置异常通知
    @AfterThrowing(value = "execution(* *..ISomeService.doThird(..))", throwing = "ex")
    public void afterThrowing(Exception ex) {
        System.out.println("执行异常通知方法,ex = " + ex.getMessage());
    }

    // 设置最终通知
    //@After("doThirdPointCut()")
    @After("execution(* *..ISomeService.doThird(..))")
    public void After() {
        System.out.println("执行最终通知方法");
    }

    // 定义一个切入点,叫做doThirdPointCut(),可以用来替换掉同样的切入点表达式,例如替换后的最终通知
    @Pointcut("execution(* *..ISomeService.doThird(..))")
    public void doThirdPointCut() {
    }
}

配置XML:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

    <!-- 注册目标类 -->
    <bean id="myService" class="com.ietree.spring.aop.aspectj.annotation.SomeServiceImpl"/>

    <!-- 注册切面类 -->
    <bean id="myAspectJ" class="com.ietree.spring.aop.aspectj.annotation.MyAspectJ"/>

    <!-- 使用aspectj的自动代理 -->
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
</beans>

 

3、基于XML方式的实现

首先创建切面类 MyAspectJ:

package com.ietree.spring.aop.aspectj.xml;

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

import java.util.Locale;

/**
 * 切面类
 * <p>
 * Created by Root on 2017/7/5.
 */
public class MyAspectJ {

    // 设置前置通知
    public void before() {
        System.out.println("执行前置通知方法...");
    }

    public void before(JoinPoint jp) {
        System.out.println("执行前置通知方法,jp = " + jp);
    }

    // 设置后置通知
    public void afterReturning() {
        System.out.println("执行后置通知方法...");
    }

    public void afterReturning(Object result) {
        System.out.println("执行后置通知方法, result = " + result);
    }

    // 设置环绕通知
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("执行环绕通知方法之前...");
        // 执行目标方法
        Object result = pjp.proceed();
        System.out.println("执行环绕通知方法之后...");
        if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(result)) {
            result = ((String) result).toUpperCase(Locale.US);
        }
        return result;
    }

    // 设置异常通知
    public void afterThrowing() {
        System.out.println("执行异常通知方法...");
    }

    // 设置异常通知
    public void afterThrowing(Exception ex) {
        System.out.println("执行异常通知方法,ex = " + ex.getMessage());
    }

    // 设置最终通知
    public void after() {
        System.out.println("执行最终通知方法");
    }


}

配置XML文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

    <!-- 注册目标类 -->
    <bean id="myService" class="com.ietree.spring.aop.aspectj.xml.SomeServiceImpl"/>

    <!-- 注册切面类 -->
    <bean id="myAspectJ" class="com.ietree.spring.aop.aspectj.xml.MyAspectJ"/>

    <aop:config>
        <aop:pointcut id="doFirstPointcut" expression="execution(* *..ISomeService.doFirst(..))"/>
        <aop:pointcut id="doSecondPointcut" expression="execution(* *..ISomeService.doSecond(..))"/>
        <aop:pointcut id="doThirdPointcut" expression="execution(* *..ISomeService.doThird(..))"/>
        <aop:aspect ref="myAspectJ">
            <!-- 前置通知 -->
            <aop:before method="before" pointcut-ref="doFirstPointcut"/>
            <aop:before method="before(org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint)" pointcut-ref="doFirstPointcut"/>

            <!-- 后置通知 -->
            <aop:after-returning method="afterReturning" pointcut-ref="doSecondPointcut"/>
            <aop:after-returning method="afterReturning(java.lang.Object)" pointcut-ref="doSecondPointcut" returning="result"/>

            <!-- 环绕通知 -->
            <aop:around method="around" pointcut-ref="doSecondPointcut"/>

            <!-- 异常通知 -->
            <aop:after-throwing method="afterThrowing(java.lang.Exception)" pointcut-ref="doThirdPointcut" throwing="ex"/>

            <!-- 最终通知 -->
            <aop:after method="after" pointcut-ref="doThirdPointcut"/>
        </aop:aspect>

    </aop:config>
</beans>

程序输出:

执行前置通知方法...
执行前置通知方法,jp = execution(void com.ietree.spring.aop.aspectj.xml.ISomeService.doFirst())
执行doFirst()方法
-----------------
执行环绕通知方法之前...
执行doSecond()方法
执行环绕通知方法之后...
执行后置通知方法, result = ABCDE
执行后置通知方法...
-----------------
执行最终通知方法
执行异常通知方法,ex = / by zero

java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

 

posted @ 2017-06-30 22:51  远近啊  阅读(390)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报