05-Python-判断语句

1、条件测试

每条if语句的核心都是一个值为True或False的表达式,这种表达式被称为条件测试。Python根据条件测试的值为True还是False来决定是否执行if语句中的代码。条件测试为True,则执行;否则,不执行。

1.1、检查特定值是否包含在列表中

 

1 banned_users = ['andrew','carolina','david']
2 user = 'marie'
3 
4 if user in banned_users:
5     print(user.title() + ", you can post a response if you wish.")
6 if user not in banned_users:
7     print(user.title() + " doesn't exist in list.")

 

1.2、布尔表达式

布尔表达式结果要么为True,要么为False。空字符串、列表、元组、字典等都为假。

1 bool([])  #值为False
2 bool({}) #值为False
3 bool([])   #值为False
4 bool("")  #值为False
5 bool(0)   #值为False
6 
7 bool(1)   #值为True
8 bool(-1)  #值为True

 

1.3、if-elif-else

 1 if <条件判断1>:
 2     <执行1>
 3 elif <条件判断2>:
 4     <执行2>
 5 elif <条件判断3>:
 6     <执行3>
 7 else:
 8     <执行4>
 9 
10 #举例
11 age = int(input("please input your age: "))
12 
13 if age < 4:  #4岁以下免费
14     price = 0
15 elif age < 18:  #4~17岁5块
16     price = 5
17 elif age < 65:  #18~64岁10块
18     price = 10
19 else:  #大于等于65岁的半价
20     price = 5
21 
22 print("Your admission cost is $" + str(price) + ".")

 

1.4、测试多个条件

if-elif-else功能强大,但仅适合用于只有一个条件满足的情况:遇到通过了的测试后后,Python会跳过余下的测试。如果有时候需要关心所有的检测条件,则不能使用if-elif-else这种结构,而应该使用多个if语句。

 1 #如果顾客点了两种配料,就需要确保在其披萨中包含'mushrooms'和'extra cheese'。
 2 requested_toppings = ['mushrooms','extra cheese']
 3 
 4 if 'mushrooms' in requested_toppings:
 5     print("Adding mushrooms.")
 6 if 'pepperoni' in requested_toppings:
 7     print("Adding pepperoni.")
 8 if 'extra cheese' in requested_toppings:
 9     print("Adding extra cheese:")
10 
11 print("\nFinished making your pizza!")

 

2、用if语句处理列表

2.1、处理特殊元素

1 requested_toppings = ['mushrooms','green peppers','extra cheese']
2 
3 for requested_topping in requested_toppings:
4     if requested_topping == 'green peppers':  #如果点了青椒,则打印青椒没了。
5         print("Sorry,we are out of green peppers right now.")
6     else:
7         print("Adding " + requested_topping + ".")
8 
9 print("\nFinished making your pizza!")

 

2.2、确定列表不是空的

1 requested_toppings = []
2 
3 if requested_toppings:  #为真就执行循环体
4   for requested_topping in requeted_toppings: 
5      print("Adding " + requested_topping + ".")
6   print("\nFinished making your pizza!")
7 else:
8   print("You get a plain pizza!")

 

2.3、使用多个列表

 1 available_toppings = ['mushrooms','olives','green peppers','pepperoni','pineapple','extra cheese']
 2 requested_toppings = ['mushrooms','french fries','extra cheese']
 3 
 4 for requested_topping in  requested_toppings:
 5     if requested_topping in available_toppings:
 6         print("Adding " + requested_topping + ".')
 7     else:
 8         print("Sorry, we don't have " + requested_topping + ".")
 9 
10 print("\nFinished making your pizza!")

 

posted @ 2017-10-17 11:07  Druid_Py  阅读(552)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报