Python执行系统命令的方法
http://www.cnblogs.com/xuxm2007/archive/2011/01/17/1937220.html
Python中执行系统命令常见方法有两种:
两者均需 import os
(1) os.system
# 仅仅在一个子终端运行系统命令,而不能获取命令执行后的返回信息
system(command) -> exit_status
Execute the command (a string) in a subshell.
# 如果再命令行下执行,结果直接打印出来
>>> os.system(
'ls'
)
04101419778.CHM
bash document media py
-
django video
11.wmv
books downloads Pictures python
all
-
20061022
Desktop Examples project tools
(2) os.popen
# 该方法不但执行命令还返回执行后的信息对象
popen(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) -> pipe
Open a pipe to/from a command returning a file object.
例如:
>>>tmp = os.popen('ls *.py').readlines()
>>>tmp
Out[21]:
['dump_db_pickle.py ',
'dump_db_pickle_recs.py ',
'dump_db_shelve.py ',
'initdata.py ',
'__init__.py ',
'make_db_pickle.py ',
'make_db_pickle_recs.py ',
'make_db_shelve.py ',
'peopleinteract_query.py ',
'reader.py ',
'testargv.py ',
'teststreams.py ',
'update_db_pickle.py ',
'writer.py ']
好处在于:将返回的结果赋于一变量,便于程序的处理。
(3) 使用模块subprocess
import
subprocess
subprocess.call ([
"cmd"
,
"arg1"
,
"arg2"
],shell
=
True
)
获取返回和输出:
import
subprocess
p
=
subprocess.Popen(
'ls'
, shell
=
True
, stdout
=
subprocess.PIPE, stderr
=
subprocess.STDOUT)
for
line
in
p.stdout.readlines():
print
line,
retval
=
p.wait()
(4) 使用模块commands模块
>>> import commands
>>> dir(commands)
['__all__', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', 'getoutput', 'getstatus','getstatusoutput', 'mk2arg', 'mkarg']
>>> commands.getoutput("date")
'Wed Jun 10 19:39:57 CST 2009'
>>>
>>> commands.getstatusoutput("date")
(0, 'Wed Jun 10 19:40:41 CST 2009')
注意: 当执行命令的参数或者返回中包含了中文文字,那么建议使用subprocess,如果使用os.popen则会出现下面的错误:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "./test1.py", line 56, in <module>
main()
File "./test1.py", line 45, in main
fax.sendFax()
File "./mailfax/Fax.py", line 13, in sendFax
os.popen(cmd)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode characters in position 46-52: ordinal not inrange(128)
关于本文更多的延伸阅读地址:
http://zh-cn.how-to.mobi/index.php?id=89228