HDFS概述和Shell操作

大数据技术之HadoopHDFS

第一章 HDFS概述

HDFS组成架构

HDFS文件块大小

 

第二章 HDFSShell操作(开发重点

1.基本语法

bin/hadoop fs 具体命令   OR  bin/hdfs dfs 具体命令

dfsfs实现类。

 

2.命令大全

$ bin/hadoop fs

[-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
        [-checksum <src> ...]
        [-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
        [-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
        [-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
        [-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-count [-q] <path> ...]
        [-cp [-f] [-p] <src> ... <dst>]
        [-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
        [-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
        [-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
        [-du [-s] [-h] <path> ...]
        [-expunge]
        [-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
        [-getfacl [-R] <path>]
        [-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>]
        [-help [cmd ...]]
        [-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]]
        [-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
        [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
        [-mv <src> ... <dst>]
        [-put [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
        [-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
        [-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ...]
        [-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
        [-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
        [-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
        [-stat [format] <path> ...]
        [-tail [-f] <file>]
        [-test -[defsz] <path>]
        [-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
        [-touchz <path> ...]
        [-usage [cmd ...]]

3常用命令实操

0)启动Hadoop集群(方便后续的测试)

$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
$ sbin/start-yarn.sh

 

1-help:输出这个命令参数

$ hadoop fs -help rm

 

2-ls: 显示目录信息

$ hadoop fs -ls /

 

3-mkdir:在HDFS上创建目录

$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /sanguo/shuguo

4-moveFromLocal:从本地剪切粘贴到HDFS

$ touch kongming.txt

$ hadoop fs  -moveFromLocal  ./kongming.txt  /sanguo/shuguo

5-appendToFile:追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾

$ touch liubei.txt
$ vi liubei.txt
输入
san gu mao lu
$ hadoop fs -appendToFile liubei.txt /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

 

6-cat:显示文件内容

$ hadoop fs -cat /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

 

(7-chgrp -chmod-chownLinux文件系统中的用法一样,修改文件所属权限

$ hadoop fs  -chmod  666  /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
$ hadoop fs  -chown  atguigu:atguigu   /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

 

(8-copyFromLocal:从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到HDFS路径去

$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal README.txt /

(9-copyToLocal:从HDFS拷贝到本地

$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt ./

10-cp :从HDFS的一个路径拷贝到HDFS的另一个路径

$ hadoop fs -cp /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt /zhuge.txt

11-mv:在HDFS目录中移动文件

$ hadoop fs -mv /zhuge.txt /sanguo/shuguo/

12-get:等同于copyToLocal,就是从HDFS下载文件到本地

$ hadoop fs -get /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt ./

13-getmerge:合并下载多个文件,比如HDFS的目录 /user/atguigu/test下有多个文件:log.1, log.2,log.3,...

$ hadoop fs -getmerge /user/atguigu/test/* ./zaiyiqi.txt

14-put:等同于copyFromLocal

$ hadoop fs -put ./zaiyiqi.txt /user/atguigu/test/

(15-tail:显示一个文件的末尾

$ hadoop fs -tail /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

 

16-rm:删除文件或文件夹

$ hadoop fs -rm /user/atguigu/test/jinlian2.txt

 

17-rmdir:删除空目录

$ hadoop fs -mkdir /test
$ hadoop fs -rmdir /test

 

18-du统计文件夹的大小信息

$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /user/atguigu/test
2.7 K  /user/atguigu/test
 
$ hadoop fs -du  -h /user/atguigu/test

1.3 K  /user/atguigu/test/README.txt
15     /user/atguigu/test/jinlian.txt
1.4 K  /user/atguigu/test/zaiyiqi.txt

 

19-setrep:设置HDFS中文件的副本数量

$ hadoop fs -setrep 10 /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt

 

                      HDFS副本数量

这里设置的副本数只是记录在NameNode元数据中,是否真的会有这么多副本,还得DataNode的数量

因为目前只有3设备,最多也就3副本,只有节点数的增加10台时副本数才能达到10

 

posted @ 2019-08-15 02:41  DiYong  阅读(336)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报