Oracle SQL 內置函數大全
<<Oracle SQL 內置函數大全>>幻灯片:https://files.cnblogs.com/Dicky/Oracle_SQL_Function.rar
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SQL中的单记录函数
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1.ASCII
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返回与指定的字符对应的十进制数;
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SQL> select ascii('A') A,ascii('a') a,ascii('0') zero,ascii(' ') space from dual;
5![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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A A ZERO SPACE
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--------- --------- --------- ---------
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65 97 48 32
9![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
10![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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2.CHR
12
给出整数,返回对应的字符;
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SQL> select chr(54740) zhao,chr(65) chr65 from dual;
14![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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ZH C
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-- -
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赵 A
18![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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3.CONCAT
20
连接两个字符串;
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SQL> select concat('010-','88888888')||'转23' 高乾竞电话 from dual;
22![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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高乾竞电话
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----------------
25
010-88888888转23
26![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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4.INITCAP
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返回字符串并将字符串的第一个字母变为大写;
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SQL> select initcap('smith') upp from dual;
30![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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UPP
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-----
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Smith
34![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
35![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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5.INSTR(C1,C2,I,J)
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在一个字符串中搜索指定的字符,返回发现指定的字符的位置;
38
C1 被搜索的字符串
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C2 希望搜索的字符串
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I 搜索的开始位置,默认为1
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J 出现的位置,默认为1
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SQL> select instr('oracle traning','ra',1,2) instring from dual;
43![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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INSTRING
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---------
46
9
47![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
48![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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6.LENGTH
50
返回字符串的长度;
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SQL> select name,length(name),addr,length(addr),sal,length(to_char(sal)) from gao.nchar_tst;
52![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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NAME LENGTH(NAME) ADDR LENGTH(ADDR) SAL LENGTH(TO_CHAR(SAL))
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------ ------------ ---------------- ------------ --------- --------------------
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高乾竞 3 北京市海锭区 6 9999.99 7
56![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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58![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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7.LOWER
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返回字符串,并将所有的字符小写
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SQL> select lower('AaBbCcDd')AaBbCcDd from dual;
62![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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AABBCCDD
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--------
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aabbccdd
66![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
67![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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8.UPPER
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返回字符串,并将所有的字符大写
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SQL> select upper('AaBbCcDd') upper from dual;
71![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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UPPER
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--------
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AABBCCDD
75![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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77![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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9.RPAD和LPAD(粘贴字符)
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RPAD 在列的右边粘贴字符
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LPAD 在列的左边粘贴字符
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SQL> select lpad(rpad('gao',10,'*'),17,'*')from dual;
82![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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LPAD(RPAD('GAO',1
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-----------------
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*******gao*******
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不够字符则用*来填满
87![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
88![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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10.LTRIM和RTRIM
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LTRIM 删除左边出现的字符串
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RTRIM 删除右边出现的字符串
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SQL> select ltrim(rtrim(' gao qian jing ',' '),' ') from dual;
93![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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LTRIM(RTRIM('
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-------------
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gao qian jing
97![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
98![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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11.SUBSTR(string,start,count)
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取子字符串,从start开始,取count个
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SQL> select substr('13088888888',3,8) from dual;
102![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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SUBSTR('
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--------
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08888888
106![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
107![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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12.REPLACE('string','s1','s2')
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string 希望被替换的字符或变量
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s1 被替换的字符串
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s2 要替换的字符串
112
SQL> select replace('he love you','he','i') from dual;
113![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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REPLACE('H
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----------
116
i love you
117![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
118![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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13.SOUNDEX
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返回一个与给定的字符串读音相同的字符串
121
SQL> create table table1(xm varchar(8));
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SQL> insert into table1 values('weather');
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SQL> insert into table1 values('wether');
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SQL> insert into table1 values('gao');
125![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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SQL> select xm from table1 where soundex(xm)=soundex('weather');
127![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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XM
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--------
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weather
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wether
132![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
133![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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14.TRIM('s' from 'string')
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LEADING 剪掉前面的字符
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TRAILING 剪掉后面的字符
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如果不指定,默认为空格符
138![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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15.ABS
140
返回指定值的绝对值
141
SQL> select abs(100),abs(-100) from dual;
142![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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ABS(100) ABS(-100)
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--------- ---------
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100 100
146![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
147![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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16.ACOS
149
给出反余弦的值
150
SQL> select acos(-1) from dual;
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ACOS(-1)
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---------
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3.1415927
155![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
156![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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17.ASIN
158
给出反正弦的值
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SQL> select asin(0.5) from dual;
160![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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ASIN(0.5)
162
---------
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.52359878
164![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
165![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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18.ATAN
167
返回一个数字的反正切值
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SQL> select atan(1) from dual;
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ATAN(1)
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---------
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.78539816
173![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
174![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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19.CEIL
176
返回大于或等于给出数字的最小整数
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SQL> select ceil(3.1415927) from dual;
178![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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CEIL(3.1415927)
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---------------
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4
182![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
183![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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20.COS
185
返回一个给定数字的余弦
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SQL> select cos(-3.1415927) from dual;
187![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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COS(-3.1415927)
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---------------
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-1
191![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
192![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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21.COSH
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返回一个数字反余弦值
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SQL> select cosh(20) from dual;
196![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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COSH(20)
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---------
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242582598
200![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
201![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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22.EXP
203
返回一个数字e的n次方根
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SQL> select exp(2),exp(1) from dual;
205![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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EXP(2) EXP(1)
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--------- ---------
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7.3890561 2.7182818
209![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
210![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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23.FLOOR
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对给定的数字取整数
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SQL> select floor(2345.67) from dual;
214![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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FLOOR(2345.67)
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--------------
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2345
218![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
219![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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24.LN
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返回一个数字的对数值
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SQL> select ln(1),ln(2),ln(2.7182818) from dual;
223![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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LN(1) LN(2) LN(2.7182818)
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--------- --------- -------------
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0 .69314718 .99999999
227![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
228![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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25.LOG(n1,n2)
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返回一个以n1为底n2的对数
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SQL> select log(2,1),log(2,4) from dual;
232![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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LOG(2,1) LOG(2,4)
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--------- ---------
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0 2
236![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
237![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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26.MOD(n1,n2)
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返回一个n1除以n2的余数
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SQL> select mod(10,3),mod(3,3),mod(2,3) from dual;
241![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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MOD(10,3) MOD(3,3) MOD(2,3)
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--------- --------- ---------
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1 0 2
245![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
246![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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27.POWER
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返回n1的n2次方根
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SQL> select power(2,10),power(3,3) from dual;
250![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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POWER(2,10) POWER(3,3)
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----------- ----------
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1024 27
254![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
255![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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28.ROUND和TRUNC
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按照指定的精度进行舍入
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SQL> select round(55.5),round(-55.4),trunc(55.5),trunc(-55.5) from dual;
259![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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ROUND(55.5) ROUND(-55.4) TRUNC(55.5) TRUNC(-55.5)
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----------- ------------ ----------- ------------
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56 -55 55 -55
263![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
264![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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29.SIGN
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取数字n的符号,大于0返回1,小于0返回-1,等于0返回0
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SQL> select sign(123),sign(-100),sign(0) from dual;
268![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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SIGN(123) SIGN(-100) SIGN(0)
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--------- ---------- ---------
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1 -1 0
272![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
273![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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30.SIN
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返回一个数字的正弦值
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SQL> select sin(1.57079) from dual;
277![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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SIN(1.57079)
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------------
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1
281![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
282![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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31.SIGH
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返回双曲正弦的值
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SQL> select sin(20),sinh(20) from dual;
286![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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SIN(20) SINH(20)
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--------- ---------
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.91294525 242582598
290![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
291![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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32.SQRT
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返回数字n的根
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SQL> select sqrt(64),sqrt(10) from dual;
295![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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SQRT(64) SQRT(10)
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--------- ---------
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8 3.1622777
299![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
300![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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33.TAN
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返回数字的正切值
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SQL> select tan(20),tan(10) from dual;
304![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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TAN(20) TAN(10)
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--------- ---------
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2.2371609 .64836083
308![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
309![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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34.TANH
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返回数字n的双曲正切值
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SQL> select tanh(20),tan(20) from dual;
313![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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TANH(20) TAN(20)
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--------- ---------
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1 2.2371609
317![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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319![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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35.TRUNC
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按照指定的精度截取一个数
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SQL> select trunc(124.1666,-2) trunc1,trunc(124.16666,2) from dual;
323![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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TRUNC1 TRUNC(124.16666,2)
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--------- ------------------
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100 124.16
327![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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329![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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36.ADD_MONTHS
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增加或减去月份
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SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),2),'yyyymm') from dual;
333![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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TO_CHA
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------
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200002
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SQL> select to_char(add_months(to_date('199912','yyyymm'),-2),'yyyymm') from dual;
338![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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TO_CHA
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------
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199910
342![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
343![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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37.LAST_DAY
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返回日期的最后一天
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SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd'),to_char((sysdate)+1,'yyyy.mm.dd') from dual;
347![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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TO_CHAR(SY TO_CHAR((S
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---------- ----------
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2004.05.09 2004.05.10
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SQL> select last_day(sysdate) from dual;
352![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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LAST_DAY(S
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----------
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31-5月 -04
356![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
357![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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38.MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)
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给出date2-date1的月份
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SQL> select months_between('19-12月-1999','19-3月-1999') mon_between from dual;
361![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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MON_BETWEEN
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-----------
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9
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SQL>selectmonths_between(to_date('2000.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd'),to_date('2005.05.20','yyyy.mm.dd')) mon_betw from dual;
366![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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MON_BETW
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---------
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-60
370![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
371![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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39.NEW_TIME(date,'this','that')
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给出在this时区=other时区的日期和时间
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SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') bj_time,to_char(new_time
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2 (sysdate,'PDT','GMT'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') los_angles from dual;
376![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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BJ_TIME LOS_ANGLES
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------------------- -------------------
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2004.05.09 11:05:32 2004.05.09 18:05:32
380![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
381![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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40.NEXT_DAY(date,'day')
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给出日期date和星期x之后计算下一个星期的日期
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SQL> select next_day('18-5月-2001','星期五') next_day from dual;
385![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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NEXT_DAY
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----------
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25-5月 -01
389![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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391![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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41.SYSDATE
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用来得到系统的当前日期
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SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy day') from dual;
395![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'
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-----------------
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09-05-2004 星期日
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trunc(date,fmt)按照给出的要求将日期截断,如果fmt='mi'表示保留分,截断秒
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SQL> select to_char(trunc(sysdate,'hh'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hh,
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2 to_char(trunc(sysdate,'mi'),'yyyy.mm.dd hh24:mi:ss') hhmm from dual;
402![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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HH HHMM
404
------------------- -------------------
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2004.05.09 11:00:00 2004.05.09 11:17:00
406![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
407
408![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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42.CHARTOROWID
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将字符数据类型转换为ROWID类型
411
SQL> select rowid,rowidtochar(rowid),ename from scott.emp;
412![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
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ROWID ROWIDTOCHAR(ROWID) ENAME
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------------------ ------------------ ----------
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AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAA SMITH
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AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAB ALLEN
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AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAC WARD
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AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD AAAAfKAACAAAAEqAAD JONES
419![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
420![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
421
43.CONVERT(c,dset,sset)
422
将源字符串 sset从一个语言字符集转换到另一个目的dset字符集
423
SQL> select convert('strutz','we8hp','f7dec') "conversion" from dual;
424![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
425
conver
426
------
427
strutz
428![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
429![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
430
44.HEXTORAW
431
将一个十六进制构成的字符串转换为二进制
432![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
433![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
434
45.RAWTOHEXT
435
将一个二进制构成的字符串转换为十六进制
436![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
437
438![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
439
46.ROWIDTOCHAR
440
将ROWID数据类型转换为字符类型
441![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
442
443![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
444
47.TO_CHAR(date,'format')
445
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
446![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
447
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
448
-------------------
449
2004/05/09 21:14:41
450![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
451
452![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
453
48.TO_DATE(string,'format')
454
将字符串转化为ORACLE中的一个日期
455![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
456![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
457
49.TO_MULTI_BYTE
458
将字符串中的单字节字符转化为多字节字符
459
SQL> select to_multi_byte('高') from dual;
460![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
461
TO
462
--
463
高
464![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
465![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
466
50.TO_NUMBER
467
将给出的字符转换为数字
468
SQL> select to_number('1999') year from dual;
469![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
470
YEAR
471
---------
472
1999
473![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
474![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
475
51.BFILENAME(dir,file)
476
指定一个外部二进制文件
477
SQL>insert into file_tb1 values(bfilename('lob_dir1','image1.gif'));
478![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
479![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
480
52.CONVERT('x','desc','source')
481
将x字段或变量的源source转换为desc
482
SQL> select sid,serial#,username,decode(command,
483
2 0,'none',
484
3 2,'insert',
485
4 3,
486
5 'select',
487
6 6,'update',
488
7 7,'delete',
489
8 8,'drop',
490
9 'other') cmd from v$session where type!='background';
491![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
492
SID SERIAL# USERNAME CMD
493
--------- --------- ------------------------------ ------
494
1 1 none
495
2 1 none
496
3 1 none
497
4 1 none
498
5 1 none
499
6 1 none
500
7 1275 none
501
8 1275 none
502
9 20 GAO select
503
10 40 GAO none
504![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
505![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
506
53.DUMP(s,fmt,start,length)
507
DUMP函数以fmt指定的内部数字格式返回一个VARCHAR2类型的值
508
SQL> col global_name for a30
509
SQL> col dump_string for a50
510
SQL> set lin 200
511
SQL> select global_name,dump(global_name,1017,8,5) dump_string from global_name;
512![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
513
GLOBAL_NAME DUMP_STRING
514
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------
515
ORACLE.WORLD Typ=1 Len=12 CharacterSet=ZHS16GBK: W,O,R,L,D
516![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
517![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
518
54.EMPTY_BLOB()和EMPTY_CLOB()
519
这两个函数都是用来对大数据类型字段进行初始化操作的函数
520![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
521![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
522
55.GREATEST
523
返回一组表达式中的最大值,即比较字符的编码大小.
524
SQL> select greatest('AA','AB','AC') from dual;
525![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
526
GR
527
--
528
AC
529
SQL> select greatest('啊','安','天') from dual;
530![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
531
GR
532
--
533
天
534![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
535![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
536
56.LEAST
537
返回一组表达式中的最小值
538
SQL> select least('啊','安','天') from dual;
539![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
540
LE
541
--
542
啊
543![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
544![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
545
57.UID
546
返回标识当前用户的唯一整数
547
SQL> show user
548
USER 为"GAO"
549
SQL> select username,user_id from dba_users where user_id=uid;
550![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
551
USERNAME USER_ID
552
------------------------------ ---------
553
GAO 25
554![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
555
556![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
557
58.USER
558
返回当前用户的名字
559
SQL> select user from dual;
560![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
561
USER
562
------------------------------
563
GAO
564![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
565![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
566
59.USEREVN
567
返回当前用户环境的信息,opt可以是:
568
ENTRYID,SESSIONID,TERMINAL,ISDBA,LABLE,LANGUAGE,CLIENT_INFO,LANG,VSIZE
569
ISDBA 查看当前用户是否是DBA如果是则返回true
570
SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;
571![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
572
USEREN
573
------
574
FALSE
575
SQL> select userenv('isdba') from dual;
576![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
577
USEREN
578
------
579
TRUE
580
SESSION
581
返回会话标志
582
SQL> select userenv('sessionid') from dual;
583![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
584
USERENV('SESSIONID')
585
--------------------
586
152
587
ENTRYID
588
返回会话人口标志
589
SQL> select userenv('entryid') from dual;
590![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
591
USERENV('ENTRYID')
592
------------------
593
0
594
INSTANCE
595
返回当前INSTANCE的标志
596
SQL> select userenv('instance') from dual;
597![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
598
USERENV('INSTANCE')
599
-------------------
600
1
601
LANGUAGE
602
返回当前环境变量
603
SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;
604![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
605
USERENV('LANGUAGE')
606
----------------------------------------------------
607
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
608
LANG
609
返回当前环境的语言的缩写
610
SQL> select userenv('lang') from dual;
611![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
612
USERENV('LANG')
613
----------------------------------------------------
614
ZHS
615
TERMINAL
616
返回用户的终端或机器的标志
617
SQL> select userenv('terminal') from dual;
618![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
619
USERENV('TERMINA
620
----------------
621
GAO
622
VSIZE(X)
623
返回X的大小(字节)数
624
SQL> select vsize(user),user from dual;
625![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
626
VSIZE(USER) USER
627
----------- ------------------------------
628
6 SYSTEM
629![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
630
631![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
632
60.AVG(DISTINCT|ALL)
633
all表示对所有的值求平均值,distinct只对不同的值求平均值
634
SQLWKS> create table table3(xm varchar(8),sal number(7,2));
635
语句已处理。
636
SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);
637
SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('gao',1111.11);
638
SQLWKS> insert into table3 values('zhu',5555.55);
639
SQLWKS> commit;
640![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
641
SQL> select avg(distinct sal) from gao.table3;
642![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
643
AVG(DISTINCTSAL)
644
----------------
645
3333.33
646![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
647
SQL> select avg(all sal) from gao.table3;
648![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
649
AVG(ALLSAL)
650
-----------
651
2592.59
652![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
653![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
654
61.MAX(DISTINCT|ALL)
655
求最大值,ALL表示对所有的值求最大值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最大值,相同的只取一次
656
SQL> select max(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
657![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
658
MAX(DISTINCTSAL)
659
----------------
660
5000
661![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
662![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
663
62.MIN(DISTINCT|ALL)
664
求最小值,ALL表示对所有的值求最小值,DISTINCT表示对不同的值求最小值,相同的只取一次
665
SQL> select min(all sal) from gao.table3;
666![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
667
MIN(ALLSAL)
668
-----------
669
1111.11
670![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
671![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
672
63.STDDEV(distinct|all)
673
求标准差,ALL表示对所有的值求标准差,DISTINCT表示只对不同的值求标准差
674
SQL> select stddev(sal) from scott.emp;
675![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
676
STDDEV(SAL)
677
-----------
678
1182.5032
679![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
680
SQL> select stddev(distinct sal) from scott.emp;
681![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
682
STDDEV(DISTINCTSAL)
683
-------------------
684
1229.951
685![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
686
687![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
688
64.VARIANCE(DISTINCT|ALL)
689
求协方差
690![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
691
SQL> select variance(sal) from scott.emp;
692![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
693
VARIANCE(SAL)
694
-------------
695
1398313.9
696![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
697![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
698
65.GROUP BY
699
主要用来对一组数进行统计
700
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno;
701![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
702
DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
703
--------- --------- ---------
704
10 3 8750
705
20 5 10875
706
30 6 9400
707![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
708
709![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
710
66.HAVING
711
对分组统计再加限制条件
712
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp group by deptno having count(*)>=5;
713![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
714
DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
715
--------- --------- ---------
716
20 5 10875
717
30 6 9400
718
SQL> select deptno,count(*),sum(sal) from scott.emp having count(*)>=5 group by deptno ;
719![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
720
DEPTNO COUNT(*) SUM(SAL)
721
--------- --------- ---------
722
20 5 10875
723
30 6 9400
724![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
725![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
726
67.ORDER BY
727
用于对查询到的结果进行排序输出
728
SQL> select deptno,ename,sal from scott.emp order by deptno,sal desc;
729![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
730
DEPTNO ENAME SAL
731
--------- ---------- ---------
732
10 KING 5000
733
10 CLARK 2450
734
10 MILLER 1300
735
20 SCOTT 3000
736
20 FORD 3000
737
20 JONES 2975
738
20 ADAMS 1100
739
20 SMITH 800
740
30 BLAKE 2850
741
30 ALLEN 1600
742
30 TURNER 1500
743
30 WARD 1250
744
30 MARTIN 1250
745
30 JAMES 950
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![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
692
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
693
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
694
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
695
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
696
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
697
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
698
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
699
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
700
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
701
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
702
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
703
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
704
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
705
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
706
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
707
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
708
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
709
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
710
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
711
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
712
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
713
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
714
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
715
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
716
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
717
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
718
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
719
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
720
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
721
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
722
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
723
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
724
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
725
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
726
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
727
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
728
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
729
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
730
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
731
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
732
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
733
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
734
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
735
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
736
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
737
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
738
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
739
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
740
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
741
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
742
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
743
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
744
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
745
![](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
posted on 2005-06-18 09:38 ξσ Dicky σξ 阅读(968) 评论(0) 编辑 收藏 举报