Docker Compose 使用示例

一般步骤

1、定义Dockerfile,方便迁移到任何地方;

2、编写docker-compose.yml文件;

3、运行docker-compose up启动服务

示例

准备工作:提前下载好镜像:

docker pull mysql docker pull wordpress

需要新建一个空白目录,例如wptest。新建一个docker-compose.yml

version: '2' services: web: image: wordpress:latest links: - db ports: - "8002:80" environment: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306 WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: 123456 db: image: mysql environment: - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456

以上命令的意思是新建db和wordpress容器。等同于:

$ docker run --name db -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql $ docker run --name some-wordpress --link db:mysql -p 8002:80 -d wordpress

注意,如果你是直接从fig迁移过来的,且web里links是- db:mysql,这里会提示没有给wordpress设置环境变量,这里需要添加环境变量WORDPRESS_DB_HOST和WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD。

好,我们启动应用:

# docker-compose up Creating wptest_db_1... Creating wptest_wordpress_1... Attaching to wptest_db_1, wptest_wordpress_1 wordpress_1 | Complete! WordPress has been successfully copied to /var/www/html

就成功了。浏览器访问 http://localhost:8002(或 http://host-ip:8002)即可

默认是前台运行并打印日志到控制台。如果想后台运行,可以:

docker-compose up -d

服务后台后,可以使用下列命令查看状态:

# docker-compose ps Name Command State Ports ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- figtest_db_1 docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 3306/tcp figtest_wordpress_1 docker-entrypoint.sh apach ... Up 0.0.0.0:8002->80/tcp # docker-compose logs Attaching to wptest_wordpress_1, wptest_db_1 db_1 | 2016-10-4T14:38:46.98030Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). db_1 | 2016-10-4T14:38:46.99974Z 0 [Note] mysqld (mysqld 5.7.15) starting as process 1 ... db_1 | 2016-10-4T14:38:46.27191Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: PUNCH HOLE support available

停止服务:

# docker-compose stop Stopping wptest_wordpress_1... Stopping wptest_db_1...

重新启动服务:

docker-compose restart

docker-compose.yml参考

每个docker-compose.yml必须定义image或者build中的一个,其它的是可选的。

image

指定镜像tag或者ID。示例:

image: redis image: ubuntu:14.04 image: tutum/influxdb image: example-registry.com:4000/postgresql image: a4bc65fd

注意,在version 1里同时使用image和build是不允许的,version 2则可以,如果同时指定了两者,会将build出来的镜像打上名为image标签。

build

用来指定一个包含Dockerfile文件的路径。一般是当前目录.。Fig将build并生成一个随机命名的镜像。

注意,在version 1里bulid仅支持值为字符串。version 2里支持对象格式。

build: ./dir build: context: ./dir dockerfile: Dockerfile-alternate args: buildno: 1

context为路径,dockerfile为需要替换默认docker-compose的文件名,args为构建(build)过程中的环境变量,用于替换Dockerfile里定义的ARG参数,容器中不可用。示例:

Dockerfile:

ARG buildno ARG password RUN echo "Build number: $buildno" RUN script-requiring-password.sh "$password"

docker-compose.yml:

build: context: . args: buildno: 1 password: secret build: context: . args: - buildno=1 - password=secret

command

用来覆盖缺省命令。示例:

command: bundle exec thin -p 3000

command也支持数组形式:

command: [bundle, exec, thin, -p, 3000]

links

用于链接另一容器服务,如需要使用到另一容器的mysql服务。可以给出服务名和别名;也可以仅给出服务名,这样别名将和服务名相同。同docker run --link。示例:

links: - db - db:mysql - redis

使用了别名将自动会在容器的/etc/hosts文件里创建相应记录:

172.17.2.186 db 172.17.2.186 mysql 172.17.2.187 redis

所以我们在容器里就可以直接使用别名作为服务的主机名。

ports

用于暴露端口。同docker run -p。示例:

ports: - "3000" - "8000:8000" - "49100:22" - "127.0.0.1:8001:8001"

expose

expose提供container之间的端口访问,不会暴露给主机使用。同docker run --expose。

expose: - "3000" - "8000"

volumes

挂载数据卷。同docker run -v。示例:

volumes: - /var/lib/mysql - cache/:/tmp/cache - ~/configs:/etc/configs/:ro

volumes_from

挂载数据卷容器,挂载是容器。同docker run --volumes-from。示例:

volumes_from: - service_name - service_name:ro - container:container_name - container:container_name:rw

container:container_name格式仅支持version 2。

environment

添加环境变量。同docker run -e。可以是数组或者字典格式:

environment: RACK_ENV: development SESSION_SECRET: environment: - RACK_ENV=development - SESSION_SECRET

depends_on

用于指定服务依赖,一般是mysql、redis等。

指定了依赖,将会优先于服务创建并启动依赖。

links也可以指定依赖。

external_links

链接搭配docker-compose.yml文件或者Compose之外定义的服务,通常是提供共享或公共服务。格式与links相似:

external_links: - redis_1 - project_db_1:mysql - project_db_1:postgresql

注意,external_links链接的服务与当前服务必须是同一个网络环境。

extra_hosts

添加主机名映射。

extra_hosts: - "somehost:162.242.195.82" - "otherhost:50.31.209.229"

将会在/etc/hosts创建记录:

162.242.195.82 somehost 50.31.209.229 otherhost

extends

继承自当前yml文件或者其它文件中定义的服务,可以选择性的覆盖原有配置。

extends: file: common.yml service: webapp

service必须有,file可选。service是需要继承的服务,例如web、database。

net

设置网络模式。同docker的--net参数。

net: "bridge" net: "none" net: "container:[name or id]" net: "host"

dns

自定义dns服务器。

dns: 8.8.8.8 dns: - 8.8.8.8 - 9.9.9.9

cpu_shares, cpu_quota, cpuset, domainname, hostname, ipc, mac_address, mem_limit, memswap_limit, privileged, read_only, restart, shm_size, stdin_open, tty, user, working_dir

这些命令都是单个值,含义请参考docker run

cpu_shares: 73 cpu_quota: 50000 cpuset: 0,1 user: postgresql working_dir: /code domainname: foo.com hostname: foo ipc: host mac_address: 02:42:ac:11:65:43 mem_limit: 1000000000 mem_limit: 128M memswap_limit: 2000000000 privileged: true restart: always read_only: true shm_size: 64M stdin_open: true tty: true

命令行参考

$ docker-compose Define and run multi-container applications with Docker. Usage: docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...] docker-compose -h|--help Options: -f, --file FILE Specify an alternate compose file (default: docker-compose.yml) -p, --project-name NAME Specify an alternate project name (default: directory name) --verbose Show more output -v, --version Print version and exit -H, --host HOST Daemon socket to connect to --tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify --tlscacert CA_PATH Trust certs signed only by this CA --tlscert CLIENT_CERT_PATH Path to TLS certificate file --tlskey TLS_KEY_PATH Path to TLS key file --tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote --skip-hostname-check Don't check the daemon's hostname against the name specified in the client certificate (for example if your docker host is an IP address) Commands: build Build or rebuild services bundle Generate a Docker bundle from the Compose file config Validate and view the compose file create Create services down Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes events Receive real time events from containers exec Execute a command in a running container help Get help on a command kill Kill containers logs View output from containers pause Pause services port Print the public port for a port binding ps List containers pull Pulls service images push Push service images restart Restart services rm Remove stopped containers run Run a one-off command scale Set number of containers for a service start Start services stop Stop services unpause Unpause services up Create and start containers version Show the Docker-Compose version information

批处理脚本

# 关闭所有正在运行容器 docker ps | awk '{print $1}' | xargs docker stop # 删除所有容器应用 docker ps -a | awk '{print $1}' | xargs docker rm # 或者 docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

参考:

1、Overview of Docker Compose - Docker

https://docs.docker.com/compose/overview/

2、library/mysql - Docker Hub

https://hub.docker.com/_/mysql/

3、library/wordpress - Docker Hub

https://hub.docker.com/_/wordpress/

 

posted @ 2018-02-23 20:44  Cslc-DaweiJ  阅读(539)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报