题解 「CTSC2018暴力写挂」
题目大意
给出两个大小为 \(n\) 的树,求出:
\[\max\{\text{depth}(x)+\text{depth}(y)-\text{depth}(\text{LCA}(x,y)-\text{depth}^{'}(\text{LCA}^{'}(x,y)))\}
\]
\(n\le 3666666\),答案保证在 \(\text{long long}\) 范围内。
思路
边分治秒啊,终于学会了 边分树合并 了,在这里记录一下,以免后面忘掉了。
首先我们可(bu)以(ke)想(neng)到(de)一种 \(\Theta(n\log^2 n)\) 的做法,就是说我们可以先把式子化成:
\[\frac{1}{2}(\text{dist}(x,y)+\text{depth}(x)+\text{depth}(y)-2\text{depth}^{'}(\text{LCA}^{'}(x,y)))
\]
然后你发现如果不看最后那个东西的话,前面那个可以用边分治解决。然后我们发现我们可以对于第二棵树建出当前分治的点集的虚树,然后枚举某一个点作为 \(\text{LCA}^{'}(x,y)\) 。然后你就发现时间复杂度是 \(\Theta(n\log^2 n)\) ,而且常数巨大,无法通过此题。
然后我们需要引入一个叫「边分树」的东西,它跟点分树完全不一样。对于一个点我们维护一个它每一次被分治到的贡献,这道题目当中即为 \(\text{dis}(x)+\text{depth}(x)\)(\(\text{dis}(x)\) 即为 \(x\) 到分治点的距离),但是光是这样还不够,我们还需要能够更新答案,也就是说我们需要知道每次分治所属的块,这就是为什么需要是二叉树链的原因,如果某个点是它父亲的左节点,就说明他父亲是左边的块(左右其实是自己定义的,但这并不是很重要)。
考虑合并两个二叉树,对于同一相同路径走到的 \(x,y\) ,显然它们可以合成一个合法答案,直接连起来即可。
考虑如何弄到第二棵树上去,你发现如果钦定某一个点为 \(\text{LCA}\),那么就可以用已有的点与子子树进行合并更新答案即可,不过我们还需要一个点对它自己的贡献。
时间复杂度是 \(\Theta(n\log n)\),但是常数比较大。
\(\texttt{Code}\)
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define Int register int
#define INF 0x7f7f7f7f7f
#define ll long long
#define MAXN 400250
char buf[1 << 25],*p1 = buf,*p2 = buf;
#define getchar() ((p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf,1,1 << 25,stdin))) ? EOF : *p1 ++)
template <typename T> inline void read (T &t){t = 0;char c = getchar();int f = 1;while (c < '0' || c > '9'){if (c == '-') f = -f;c = getchar();}while (c >= '0' && c <= '9'){t = (t << 3) + (t << 1) + c - '0';c = getchar();} t *= f;}
template <typename T,typename ... Args> inline void read (T &t,Args&... args){read (t);read (args...);}
template <typename T> inline void write (T x){if (x < 0){x = -x;putchar ('-');}if (x > 9) write (x / 10);putchar (x % 10 + '0');}
#define ls(x) tree[x].ls
#define rs(x) tree[x].rs
#define vl(x) tree[x].vl
#define vr(x) tree[x].vr
struct node{
ll vl,vr;
int ls,rs;
node(){vl = vr = -INF;}
}tree[MAXN * 25];
int n,cnt,root[MAXN],las[MAXN];
namespace T1{
#define N 800250
ll dis[N],wei[N << 1];
int lim,ed,tot,toop = 1,to[N << 1],nxt[N << 1],vis[N << 1],siz[N],head[N];
void Add_Edge (int u,int v,ll w){
to[++ toop] = v,wei[toop] = w,nxt[toop] = head[u],head[u] = toop;
to[++ toop] = u,wei[toop] = w,nxt[toop] = head[v],head[v] = toop;
}
void getdis (int u,int fa){for (Int i = head[u];i;i = nxt[i]) if (to[i] ^ fa) dis[to[i]] = dis[u] + wei[i],getdis (to[i],u);}
void findedge (int u,int fa,int Siz){
siz[u] = 1;
for (Int i = head[u];i;i = nxt[i]){
int v = to[i];
if (v == fa || vis[i]) continue;
findedge (v,u,Siz),siz[u] += siz[v];
int tmp = max (siz[v],Siz - siz[v]);
if (tmp < lim) lim = tmp,ed = i;
}
}
void dfs (int u,int fa,ll Dis,bool kase){
if (u <= n){
++ tot;
if (ls(las[u]) == -1) ls(las[u]) = tot;
else rs(las[u]) = tot;
if (kase == 0) ls(tot) = -1,vl(tot) = Dis + dis[u];
else rs(tot) = -1,vr(tot) = Dis + dis[u];
las[u] = tot;
}
for (Int i = head[u];i;i = nxt[i]){
int v = to[i];if (v == fa || vis[i]) continue;
dfs (v,u,Dis + wei[i],kase);
}
}
void divide (int u,int Siz){
if (Siz <= 1) return ;
lim = Siz,findedge (u,0,Siz),vis[ed] = vis[ed ^ 1] = 1;
int tx = to[ed],ty = to[ed ^ 1];
dfs (tx,0,0,0),dfs (ty,0,wei[ed],1);
divide (ty,Siz - siz[tx]),divide (tx,siz[tx]);
}
void Work (){
for (Int i = 1;i <= n;++ i) root[i] = las[i] = ++ tot,ls(root[i]) = -1;
getdis (1,0),divide (1,cnt);
}
#undef N
}
namespace T2{
ll ans,now,wei[MAXN << 1];
int toop = 1,to[MAXN << 1],nxt[MAXN << 1],head[MAXN];
void Add_Edge (int u,int v,ll w){
to[++ toop] = v,wei[toop] = w,nxt[toop] = head[u],head[u] = toop;
to[++ toop] = u,wei[toop] = w,nxt[toop] = head[v],head[v] = toop;
}
int Merge (int x,int y){
if (!x || !y) return x + y;
ans = max (ans,max (vl(x) + vr(y),vr(x) + vl(y)) - now);
ls(x) = Merge (ls(x),ls(y)),rs(x) = Merge (rs(x),rs(y));
vl(x) = max (vl(x),vl(y)),vr(x) = max (vr(x),vr(y));
return x;
}
void dfs (int u,int fa,ll dis){
for (Int i = head[u];i;i = nxt[i]){
int v = to[i];if (v == fa) continue;
dfs (v,u,dis + wei[i]),now = dis * 2,root[u] = Merge (root[u],root[v]);
}
ans = max (ans,(T1::dis[u] - dis) * 2);
}
void Work (){
dfs (1,0,0),write (ans / 2),putchar ('\n');
}
}
#define N 800250
ll wei[N << 1];
int toop = 1,to[N << 1],nxt[N << 1],head[N];
void Add_Edge (int u,int v,ll w){
to[++ toop] = v,wei[toop] = w,nxt[toop] = head[u],head[u] = toop;
to[++ toop] = u,wei[toop] = w,nxt[toop] = head[v],head[v] = toop;
}
void dfs (int u,int fa){
for (Int i = head[u];i;i = nxt[i]){
int v = to[i];ll w = wei[i];
if (v == fa) continue;
dfs (v,u);
if (!las[u]) T1::Add_Edge (u,v,w),las[u] = u;
else T1::Add_Edge (las[u],++ cnt,0),T1::Add_Edge (las[u] = cnt,v,w);
}
}
signed main(){
read (n),cnt = n;
for (Int i = 2,u,v,w;i <= n;++ i) read (u,v,w),Add_Edge (u,v,w);
for (Int i = 2,u,v,w;i <= n;++ i) read (u,v,w),T2::Add_Edge (u,v,w);
dfs (1,0),T1::Work ();T2::Work ();
return 0;
}