Linux系统监控——dstat 工具的使用
官方对dstat的定义为：多功能系统资源统计生成工具。
在获取的信息上有点类似于top、free、iostat、vmstat等多个工具的合集，官方解释为vmstat、iostat、ifstat等工具的多功能替代品，且添加了许多额外的功能（Dstat is a versatile replacement for vmstat, iostat and ifstat. Dstat overcomes some of the limitations and adds some extra features.）；其结果可以保持到csv文件，使用脚本或第三方工具对性能进行分析利用（如通过监控平台监控，也可以保持到数据库）。
在Centos 6.x系统上安装基本服务器即默认安装，而在其他操作系统可能需要手动安装。
e.g.
- 监控CPU、内存、swap、磁盘使用率,并输出到csv。recordTime 是每条记录的间隔时间，以 秒 为单位。recordNum 是记录数。
$ dstat -tcms --freespace --disk-util --output /home/TempFold/status.csv recordTime recordNum
此处的输出是追加模式。
- 找出占用资源最高的进程和用户
--top-(io|bio|cpu|cputime|cputime-avg|mem)通过这几个选项，可以看到具体是那个用户那个进程占用了相关系统资源，对系统调优非常有效。如查看当前占用I/O、cpu、内存等最高的进程信息可以使用
$ dstat --top-mem --top-io --top-cpu
部分dstat的插件
--disk-util：显示某一时间磁盘的忙碌状况--freespace：显示当前磁盘空间使用率--proc-count：显示正在运行的程序数量- --top-bio ：指出块I/O最大的进程
- --top-cpu ：图形化显示CPU占用最大的进程
- --top-io ：显示正常I/O最大的进程
- --top-mem ：显示占用最多内存的进程
查看：
$ dstat --list
internal:
aio, cpu, cpu24, disk, disk24, disk24old, epoch, fs, int, int24, io, ipc, load, lock, mem, net, page, page24, proc, raw, socket, swap, swapold,
sys, tcp, time, udp, unix, vm
/usr/share/dstat:
battery, battery-remain, cpufreq, dbus, disk-util, fan, freespace, gpfs, gpfs-ops, helloworld, innodb-buffer, innodb-io, innodb-ops, lustre,
memcache-hits, mysql-io, mysql-keys, mysql5-cmds, mysql5-conn, mysql5-io, mysql5-keys, net-packets, nfs3, nfs3-ops, nfsd3, nfsd3-ops, ntp, postfix,
power, proc-count, rpc, rpcd, sendmail, snooze, thermal, top-bio, top-cpu, top-cputime, top-cputime-avg, top-io, top-latency, top-latency-avg,
top-mem, top-oom, utmp, vm-memctl, vmk-hba, vmk-int, vmk-nic, vz-cpu, vz-io, vz-ubc, wifi
参考：
http://www.cnblogs.com/vincent-hv/p/3358194.html
http://linux.cn/article-3215-1.html
http://linux.die.net/man/1/dstat
dstat完整参数
Usage: dstat [-afv] [options..] [delay [count]]
Versatile tool for generating system resource statistics
Dstat options:
-c, --cpu enable cpu stats
-C 0,3,total include cpu0, cpu3 and total
-d, --disk enable disk stats
-D total,hda include hda and total
-g, --page enable page stats,分页统计
-i, --int enable interrupt stats
-I 5,eth2 include int5 and interrupt used by eth2
-l, --load enable load stats
-m, --mem enable memory stats
-n, --net enable network stats
-N eth1,total include eth1 and total
-p, --proc enable process stats
-r, --io enable io stats (I/O requests completed)
-s, --swap enable swap stats
-S swap1,total include swap1 and total
-t, --time enable time/date output
-T, --epoch enable time counter (seconds since epoch)
-y, --sys enable system stats
--aio enable aio stats
--fs, --filesystem enable fs stats,统计文件打开文件数和inodes数
--ipc enable ipc stats
--lock enable lock stats
--raw enable raw stats
--socket enable socket stats
--tcp enable tcp stats
--udp enable udp stats
--unix enable unix stats
--vm enable vm stats
--plugin-name enable plugins by plugin name (see manual)
--list list all available plugins
-a, --all equals -cdngy (default)
-f, --full automatically expand -C, -D, -I, -N and -S lists
-v, --vmstat equals -pmgdsc -D total
--bw, --blackonwhite change colors for white background terminal
--float force float values on screen
--integer force integer values on screen
--nocolor disable colors (implies --noupdate)
--noheaders disable repetitive headers 关闭重复显示的标题
--noupdate disable intermediate updates
--output file write CSV output to file
delay is the delay in seconds between each update (default: 1)
count is the number of updates to display before exiting (default: unlimited)
dstat插件
While anyone can create their own dstat plugins (and contribute them) dstat ships with a number of plugins already that extend its capabilities greatly.
Here is an overview of the plugins dstat ships with:
| 参数 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| --battery | battery in percentage (needs ACPI) |
| --battery-remain | battery remaining in hours, minutes (needs ACPI) |
| --cpufreq | CPU frequency in percentage (needs ACPI) |
| --dbus | number of dbus connections (needs python-dbus) |
--disk-util |
硬盘使用百分率。per disk utilization in percentage |
| --fan | fan speed (needs ACPI) |
--freespace |
每个硬盘使用情况。per filesystem disk usage |
| --gpfs | GPFS read/write I/O (needs mmpmon) |
| --gpfs-ops | GPFS filesystem operations (needs mmpmon) |
| --helloworld | Hello world example dstat plugin |
| --innodb-buffer | show innodb buffer stats |
| --innodb-io | show innodb I/O stats |
| --innodb-ops | show innodb operations counters |
| --lustre | show lustre I/O throughput |
| --memcache-hits | show the number of hits and misses from memcache (needs the memcache module) |
| --mysql5-cmds | show the MySQL5 command stats |
| --mysql5-conn | show the MySQL5 connection stats |
| --mysql5-io | show the MySQL5 I/O stats |
| --mysql5-keys | show the MySQL5 keys stats |
| --mysql-io | show the MySQL I/O stats |
| --mysql-keys | show the MySQL keys stats |
| --net-packets | show the number of packets received and transmitted |
| --nfs3 | show NFS v3 client operations |
| --nfs3-ops | show extended NFS v3 client operations |
| --nfsd3 | show NFS v3 server operations |
| --nfsd3-ops | show extended NFS v3 server operations |
| --ntp | show NTP time from an NTP server |
| --postfix | show postfix queue sizes (needs postfix) |
| --power | show power usage |
| --proc-count | show total number of processes |
| --rpc | show RPC client calls stats |
| --rpcd | show RPC server calls stats |
| --sendmail | show sendmail queue size (needs sendmail) |
| --snooze | show number of ticks per second |
| --test | show test plugin output |
| --thermal | system temperature sensors |
| --top-bio | show most expensive block I/O process |
| --top-cpu | show most expensive CPU process |
| --top-cputime | show process using the most CPU time (in ms) |
| --top-cputime-avg | show process with the highest average timeslice (in ms) |
| --top-io | show most expensive I/O process |
| --top-latency | show process with highest total latency (in ms) |
| --top-latency-avg | show process with the highest average latency (in ms) |
| --top-mem | show process using the most memory |
| --top-oom | show process that will be killed by OOM the first |
| --utmp | show number of utmp connections (needs python-utmp) |
| --vmk-hba | show VMware ESX kernel vmhba stats |
| --vmk-int | show VMware ESX kernel interrupt stats |
| --vmk-nic | show VMware ESX kernel port stats |
| --vm-memctl | show ballooning status inside VMware guests |
| --vz-io | show CPU usage per OpenVZ guest |
| --vz-ubc | show OpenVZ user beancounters |
| --wifi | wireless link quality and signal to noise ratio |
