Nginx学习

NGINX是什么?

nginx是开源的,支持高性能的,高并发的www服务和代理服务软件,就是web服务器,nginx不但是一个优秀的web服务软件,还可以做反向代理,负载均衡,以及缓存服务使用.

优点:支持高并发,支持几万的并发连接;资源消耗少.在3万并发连接下开启10个nginx线程消耗内存不到200M;可以做负载均衡,反向代理;支持异步网络I/O事件模型epoll

Tengine是淘宝网的web项目,是Nginx的高性能版,tengine的性能和稳定性极高.

web服务器和web框架的关系

web服务器（nginx）：接收HTTP请求（例如www.alonemans.com/dudu.jpg）并返回数据

web框架（django，flask）：开发web应用程序，处理接收到的数据

基础安装

  • 下载源码包  --- wget http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.2.0.tar.gz
  • 卸载掉之前通过yum源安装的nginx  -- yum remove nginx -y
  • 解决编译安装的依赖环境   
    yum install gcc patch libffi-devel python-devel  zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel openssl openssl-devel -y

     

  • 解压缩源码包 --- tar -zxf tengine-2.2.0.tar.gz
  • 释放Makefile ---    ./configure  --prefix=/opt/tnginx220
  • 执行  make  && make install
  • 编译完成后 tnginx可以正常使用
  • 了解tnginx220的目录结构作用 
    /opt/tnginx220

[root@master tnginx220]# ll

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root 4096 Mar 11 08:50 conf                #放nginx所有配置文件的地儿
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root   40 Mar 11 08:50 html                #存放前端 html文件的      
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root 4096 Mar 11 08:50 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root   41 Mar 11 08:52 logs                #nginx的日志文件夹
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root    6 Mar 11 08:50 modules

drwxr-xr-x. 2 root   root   35 Mar 11 08:50 sbin                #存放nginx二进制命令的
  • 添加linux环境变量PATH,使用快捷命令 
    echo $PATH  
PATH="/opt/python36/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/opt/tnginx220/sbin"

#将tnginx220 的路径添加到PATH中,在后面添加即可

    编辑 #vim /etc/profile
    添加后执行  #source /etc/profile
  • nginx亦可以正常使用了

nginx.conf配置文件相关

http内核模块

//公共的配置定义在http{}
http {  //http层开始
...    
    //使用Server配置网站, 每个Server{}代表一个网站(简称虚拟主机)
    'server' {
        listen       80;        //监听端口, 默认80
        server_name  localhost; //提供服务的域名或主机名
        access_log host.access.log  //访问日志
        //控制网站访问路径
        'location' / {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;   //存放网站代码路径
            index  index.html index.htm;    //服务器返回的默认页面文件
        }
        //指定错误代码, 统一定义错误页面, 错误代码重定向到新的Locaiton
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    }
    ...
    //第二个虚拟主机配置
    'server' {
    ...
    }
    
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;  //包含/etc/nginx/conf.d/目录下所有以.conf结尾的文件

}   //http层结束

 

基于域名的多虚拟主机实战

也就是在一个服务器上运行多个网站

方法:

1.环境准备,准备好两个域名,这里模拟的本地域名解析,找到windows下的hosts文件( 由于我们是通过windows访问，达到访问不同的  域名，因此配置windows的hosts)

#编辑文件 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
    
#写入
192.168.11.229  meihao.com 
192.168.11.229  shenghuo.com

 

2.配置nginx支持多虚拟主机

　　-- 修改nginx.conf 修改2个server虚拟主机配置

#meihao的虚拟主机
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name  meihao.com;
    # 当我们访问meihao.com:80/的时候，就进入这个虚拟主机，且找到这个location，进行网站资源分配
    location / {
        root /opt/meihao/;
        index index.html;
    }
}


#第二个虚拟主机，shenghuo
server{
    listen 80;
    server_name  shenghuo.com;
    
    location / {
        root /opt/shenghuo/;
        index index.html;
    }

}

　　--分别修改两个网址的根目录数据

mkdir -p  /opt/{meihao,shenghuo}

#分别在/opt/meihao/创建 index.html;/opt/shenghuo/创建 index.html

　　--修改完配置文件,先检测语法   nginx -t

　　-- 平滑加载nginx(不重启nginx,重新读取配置文件)       nginx -s  reload

nginx的访问日志logs功能

vim nginx.conf  
打开注释

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  logs/access.log  main;   #开启日志功能,生成access.log文件,可以监控访问者

 

nginx的404网页优化

编辑nginx.conf

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  meihao.com;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   /opt/meihao;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        #打开这个参数的配置，开启错误页面  
        error_page  404 403 402 401          /40x.html;   #40几的错误会对应生成40x.html                  
}

 

记得在 /opt/meihao/  创建一个40x.html 文件   --- touch 40x.html  ,写入你的创意404界面...嘿嘿要美观,当你访问的meihao.com/asdfasdas 的时候自动跳转的温馨的404页面

nginx拒绝ip访问

  location / {
            deny  你想限制的ip;  #!!!还可以限制网段
            root   /opt/meihao;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            allow  10.0.0.1;   #限制网段访问
        }

 

nginx反向代理

什么是反向代理?

对于客户端而言,代理服务端就是原始服务端,实际来讲,就是为了保护和隐藏原始服务器不受到攻击.

反向代理的实现:

  • 环境准备:两台服务器 
    192.168.220.130   #真是资源服务器

192.168.220.128   #nginx代理服务器

     

  • 我们作为客户端,访问代理服务器,代理服务器,将资源服务器上的东西进行返回
  • 先配置资源服务器  192.168.220.130  meihao.com
  • 配置代理服务器 192.168.220.128    修改192.168.220.128 这台机器上的配置文件,开始反向代理 
    #配置 nginx.conf 的server{}如下:

        server {
            listen       80 ;
            server_name  _;
            
            location / {
            #反向代理参数，当我们请求192.168.11.136:80/的时候，进入这里server，然后location进行资源分配 
                proxy_pass   http://192.168.220.130;     #就是间接的访问了 192.168.220.130:80/
            }

       }  

nginx负载均衡

配置nginx负载均衡环境准备,三台服务器,这三台服务器都是nginx实现的

192.168.220.128    反向代理服务器

192.168.220.130    资源服务器  返回xiaohua页面

192.168.220.131    资源服务器   返回一个h1标签,且行且珍惜

实现过程:

  • 配置反向代理 192.168.220.128服务器   修改nginx.conf参数如下 
    #定义负载均衡池

upstream load_leveling_pool{
     server 192.168.220.130;
     server 192.168.220.131;     
} 

    #转发请求给负载均衡池
   location /{
        proxy_pass  http:// load_leveling_pool;
      
    }

     

  • 此时通过负载均衡器 192.168.220.128.进行测试访问,默认是轮询机制 

  • nginx负载均衡算法 
    轮询      #按照时间顺序逐一分配到不同的服务器(默认)

weight    #加权轮询,weight值越大,分配到的访问几率越高

        upstream s17server {
           server 192.168.220.130 weight=8;
           server 192.168.220.131 weight=2;
    }        

        #此时  192.168.220.130访问的几率比较高了

ip_hash     #每个请求按照ip的hash结果分配,这样来自同一ip的固定访问最后一个服务器

url_hash   #按照访问的urlhash结果来分配,是每个固定的url定向到一个后端服务器

least_conn   #最少链接数,哪个机器链接数少就分发

....

posted @ 2019-03-12 00:50  FindSoul  阅读(192)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报
var RENDERER = { POINT_INTERVAL : 5, FISH_COUNT : 3, MAX_INTERVAL_COUNT : 50, INIT_HEIGHT_RATE : 0.5, THRESHOLD : 50, init : function(){ this.setParameters(); this.reconstructMethods(); this.setup(); this.bindEvent(); this.render(); }, setParameters : function(){ this.$window = $(window); this.$container = $('#jsi-flying-fish-container'); this.$canvas = $('
'); this.context = this.$canvas.appendTo(this.$container).get(0).getContext('2d-disabled'); this.points = []; this.fishes = []; this.watchIds = []; }, createSurfacePoints : function(){ var count = Math.round(this.width / this.POINT_INTERVAL); this.pointInterval = this.width / (count - 1); this.points.push(new SURFACE_POINT(this, 0)); for(var i = 1; i < count; i++){ var point = new SURFACE_POINT(this, i * this.pointInterval), previous = this.points[i - 1]; point.setPreviousPoint(previous); previous.setNextPoint(point); this.points.push(point); } }, reconstructMethods : function(){ this.watchWindowSize = this.watchWindowSize.bind(this); this.jdugeToStopResize = this.jdugeToStopResize.bind(this); this.startEpicenter = this.startEpicenter.bind(this); this.moveEpicenter = this.moveEpicenter.bind(this); this.reverseVertical = this.reverseVertical.bind(this); this.render = this.render.bind(this); }, setup : function(){ this.points.length = 0; this.fishes.length = 0; this.watchIds.length = 0; this.intervalCount = this.MAX_INTERVAL_COUNT; this.width = this.$container.width(); this.height = this.$container.height(); this.fishCount = this.FISH_COUNT * this.width / 500 * this.height / 500; this.$canvas.attr({width : this.width, height : this.height}); this.reverse = false; this.fishes.push(new FISH(this)); this.createSurfacePoints(); }, watchWindowSize : function(){ this.clearTimer(); this.tmpWidth = this.$window.width(); this.tmpHeight = this.$window.height(); this.watchIds.push(setTimeout(this.jdugeToStopResize, this.WATCH_INTERVAL)); }, clearTimer : function(){ while(this.watchIds.length > 0){ clearTimeout(this.watchIds.pop()); } }, jdugeToStopResize : function(){ var width = this.$window.width(), height = this.$window.height(), stopped = (width == this.tmpWidth && height == this.tmpHeight); this.tmpWidth = width; this.tmpHeight = height; if(stopped){ this.setup(); } }, bindEvent : function(){ this.$window.on('resize', this.watchWindowSize); this.$container.on('mouseenter', this.startEpicenter); this.$container.on('mousemove', this.moveEpicenter); this.$container.on('click', this.reverseVertical); }, getAxis : function(event){ var offset = this.$container.offset(); return { x : event.clientX - offset.left + this.$window.scrollLeft(), y : event.clientY - offset.top + this.$window.scrollTop() }; }, startEpicenter : function(event){ this.axis = this.getAxis(event); }, moveEpicenter : function(event){ var axis = this.getAxis(event); if(!this.axis){ this.axis = axis; } this.generateEpicenter(axis.x, axis.y, axis.y - this.axis.y); this.axis = axis; }, generateEpicenter : function(x, y, velocity){ if(y < this.height / 2 - this.THRESHOLD || y > this.height / 2 + this.THRESHOLD){ return; } var index = Math.round(x / this.pointInterval); if(index < 0 || index >= this.points.length){ return; } this.points[index].interfere(y, velocity); }, reverseVertical : function(){ this.reverse = !this.reverse; for(var i = 0, count = this.fishes.length; i < count; i++){ this.fishes[i].reverseVertical(); } }, controlStatus : function(){ for(var i = 0, count = this.points.length; i < count; i++){ this.points[i].updateSelf(); } for(var i = 0, count = this.points.length; i < count; i++){ this.points[i].updateNeighbors(); } if(this.fishes.length < this.fishCount){ if(--this.intervalCount == 0){ this.intervalCount = this.MAX_INTERVAL_COUNT; this.fishes.push(new FISH(this)); } } }, render : function(){ requestAnimationFrame(this.render); this.controlStatus(); this.context.clearRect(0, 0, this.width, this.height); this.context.fillStyle = 'hsl(0, 0%, 95%)'; for(var i = 0, count = this.fishes.length; i < count; i++){ this.fishes[i].render(this.context); } this.context.save(); this.context.globalCompositeOperation = 'xor'; this.context.beginPath(); this.context.moveTo(0, this.reverse ? 0 : this.height); for(var i = 0, count = this.points.length; i < count; i++){ this.points[i].render(this.context); } this.context.lineTo(this.width, this.reverse ? 0 : this.height); this.context.closePath(); this.context.fill(); this.context.restore(); } }; var SURFACE_POINT = function(renderer, x){ this.renderer = renderer; this.x = x; this.init(); }; SURFACE_POINT.prototype = { SPRING_CONSTANT : 0.03, SPRING_FRICTION : 0.9, WAVE_SPREAD : 0.3, ACCELARATION_RATE : 0.01, init : function(){ this.initHeight = this.renderer.height * this.renderer.INIT_HEIGHT_RATE; this.height = this.initHeight; this.fy = 0; this.force = {previous : 0, next : 0}; }, setPreviousPoint : function(previous){ this.previous = previous; }, setNextPoint : function(next){ this.next = next; }, interfere : function(y, velocity){ this.fy = this.renderer.height * this.ACCELARATION_RATE * ((this.renderer.height - this.height - y) >= 0 ? -1 : 1) * Math.abs(velocity); }, updateSelf : function(){ this.fy += this.SPRING_CONSTANT * (this.initHeight - this.height); this.fy *= this.SPRING_FRICTION; this.height += this.fy; }, updateNeighbors : function(){ if(this.previous){ this.force.previous = this.WAVE_SPREAD * (this.height - this.previous.height); } if(this.next){ this.force.next = this.WAVE_SPREAD * (this.height - this.next.height); } }, render : function(context){ if(this.previous){ this.previous.height += this.force.previous; this.previous.fy += this.force.previous; } if(this.next){ this.next.height += this.force.next; this.next.fy += this.force.next; } context.lineTo(this.x, this.renderer.height - this.height); } }; var FISH = function(renderer){ this.renderer = renderer; this.init(); }; FISH.prototype = { GRAVITY : 0.4, init : function(){ this.direction = Math.random() < 0.5; this.x = this.direction ? (this.renderer.width + this.renderer.THRESHOLD) : -this.renderer.THRESHOLD; this.previousY = this.y; this.vx = this.getRandomValue(4, 10) * (this.direction ? -1 : 1); if(this.renderer.reverse){ this.y = this.getRandomValue(this.renderer.height * 1 / 10, this.renderer.height * 4 / 10); this.vy = this.getRandomValue(2, 5); this.ay = this.getRandomValue(0.05, 0.2); }else{ this.y = this.getRandomValue(this.renderer.height * 6 / 10, this.renderer.height * 9 / 10); this.vy = this.getRandomValue(-5, -2); this.ay = this.getRandomValue(-0.2, -0.05); } this.isOut = false; this.theta = 0; this.phi = 0; }, getRandomValue : function(min, max){ return min + (max - min) * Math.random(); }, reverseVertical : function(){ this.isOut = !this.isOut; this.ay *= -1; }, controlStatus : function(context){ this.previousY = this.y; this.x += this.vx; this.y += this.vy; this.vy += this.ay; if(this.renderer.reverse){ if(this.y > this.renderer.height * this.renderer.INIT_HEIGHT_RATE){ this.vy -= this.GRAVITY; this.isOut = true; }else{ if(this.isOut){ this.ay = this.getRandomValue(0.05, 0.2); } this.isOut = false; } }else{ if(this.y < this.renderer.height * this.renderer.INIT_HEIGHT_RATE){ this.vy += this.GRAVITY; this.isOut = true; }else{ if(this.isOut){ this.ay = this.getRandomValue(-0.2, -0.05); } this.isOut = false; } } if(!this.isOut){ this.theta += Math.PI / 20; this.theta %= Math.PI * 2; this.phi += Math.PI / 30; this.phi %= Math.PI * 2; } this.renderer.generateEpicenter(this.x + (this.direction ? -1 : 1) * this.renderer.THRESHOLD, this.y, this.y - this.previousY); if(this.vx > 0 && this.x > this.renderer.width + this.renderer.THRESHOLD || this.vx < 0 && this.x < -this.renderer.THRESHOLD){ this.init(); } }, render : function(context){ context.save(); context.translate(this.x, this.y); context.rotate(Math.PI + Math.atan2(this.vy, this.vx)); context.scale(1, this.direction ? 1 : -1); context.beginPath(); context.moveTo(-30, 0); context.bezierCurveTo(-20, 15, 15, 10, 40, 0); context.bezierCurveTo(15, -10, -20, -15, -30, 0); context.fill(); context.save(); context.translate(40, 0); context.scale(0.9 + 0.2 * Math.sin(this.theta), 1); context.beginPath(); context.moveTo(0, 0); context.quadraticCurveTo(5, 10, 20, 8); context.quadraticCurveTo(12, 5, 10, 0); context.quadraticCurveTo(12, -5, 20, -8); context.quadraticCurveTo(5, -10, 0, 0); context.fill(); context.restore(); context.save(); context.translate(-3, 0); context.rotate((Math.PI / 3 + Math.PI / 10 * Math.sin(this.phi)) * (this.renderer.reverse ? -1 : 1)); context.beginPath(); if(this.renderer.reverse){ context.moveTo(5, 0); context.bezierCurveTo(10, 10, 10, 30, 0, 40); context.bezierCurveTo(-12, 25, -8, 10, 0, 0); }else{ context.moveTo(-5, 0); context.bezierCurveTo(-10, -10, -10, -30, 0, -40); context.bezierCurveTo(12, -25, 8, -10, 0, 0); } context.closePath(); context.fill(); context.restore(); context.restore(); this.controlStatus(context); } }; $(function(){ RENDERER.init(); });