python-os 模块

os模块

小伙伴在编程的时候,经常和文件目录打交道,离不开各种文件路径的获取和使用,关于python中os模块都是帮助我们处理这些事情的.

os模块包含普遍的的操作系统,与具体的平台无关,也就是使用python os模块获取的文件路径在linux,mac,windows都ok

让我们看看os模块的常用的具体用法>>>

os.name   #显示当前所在平台

import os
ret = os.name
print(ret)
输出

'posix'        # 表示linux    
'nt'            #表示在windows
View Code

os.sep  #显示当前平台下 路径 的分隔符

import os
ret = os.sep
print(ret)

输出结果
 '\\'    # windows
 '/'     # linux
View Code

os.path.split( )  ----> 返回路径的目录和文件名

import os
ret = os.path.split('D:\Thunder\Data\stat.xml')  #返回路径的目录和文件名
print(ret)
输出:
('D:\\Thunder\\Data', 'stat.xml')
View Code

os.path.join( ) -----> 目录和文件名\绝对路径和文件名的拼接

import os
ret = os.path.join('D:\Thunder\Data','stat.xml')
print(ret)
输出:
    D:\Thunder\Data\stat.xml
View Code

os.path.getsize( )  ----->  获取当前文件的大小

import os
ret = os.path.getsize('D:\Thunder\Data\stat1.xml')
print(ret)
输出:
    760() 编码数/字节数
View Code

os.path.isdir( ) ----->  判断对象是否为目录/文件夹,返回bool值

os.path.isfile() -----> 判断对象时候为文件,返回bool值

os.listdir()  -----> 指定目录下的所有文件和文件名

import os
ret = os.listdir('D:\Thunder')
print(ret)

输出:

['BHO', 'Data', 'Profiles', 'Program', 'Thunder', 'Thunder BHO Platform', 'ThunderUninstall.exe', 'tp', 'UninstallXLWFP.exe', 'XLApp']

os.path.dirname( )   -----> 获取路径的上一级目录

import os
ret = os.path.dirname('D:\Thunder\Data\stat.xml')  # 获取路径的上一级目录
print(ret)
输出:
    D:\Thunder\Data
View Code

os.path.basename( )  ----->  返回文件名

import os
ret = os.path.basename('D:\Thunder\Data\stat.xml')
print(ret)
输出:
    stat.xml
View Code

os.rename     -----> 重命名文件

os.remove   ----->  删除文件

os.makedirs( ) ----->  创建一个新目录(可递归生成多层目录)

import os
ret = os.makedirs('E:\Date\stst')
print(ret)
输出:
    Date和stst目录结构
View Code

os.mkdir( )  ----->  创建目录(只能创建一层)

os.rmdir( )  -----> 删除单级/指定目录

os.stat( ) -----> 获取文件或者目录信息

import os
ret = os.stat('D:\Thunder')
print(ret)
输出:
os.stat_result(st_mode=16895, st_ino=1970324836975221, 
               st_dev=722144, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0,
               st_size=4096, st_atime=1542540830, st_mtime=1542540830,
               st_ctime=1541849461)
View Code

os.getcwd( ) -----> 获得python工作目录/路径

os.system() -----> 运行shell命令

os.linesep  -----> 给出当前平台使用的行终止符

os.linesep

'\r\n'     #windows

'\n'       #linux
View Code

os.environ() ----->  获取系统环境变量

os.path.abspath()  -----> 显示当前绝对路径 (不常用)

os.replace() -----> 将原文件替换

 

posted @ 2018-12-05 16:43  FindSoul  阅读(427)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报
var RENDERER = { POINT_INTERVAL : 5, FISH_COUNT : 3, MAX_INTERVAL_COUNT : 50, INIT_HEIGHT_RATE : 0.5, THRESHOLD : 50, init : function(){ this.setParameters(); this.reconstructMethods(); this.setup(); this.bindEvent(); this.render(); }, setParameters : function(){ this.$window = $(window); this.$container = $('#jsi-flying-fish-container'); this.$canvas = $('
'); this.context = this.$canvas.appendTo(this.$container).get(0).getContext('2d-disabled'); this.points = []; this.fishes = []; this.watchIds = []; }, createSurfacePoints : function(){ var count = Math.round(this.width / this.POINT_INTERVAL); this.pointInterval = this.width / (count - 1); this.points.push(new SURFACE_POINT(this, 0)); for(var i = 1; i < count; i++){ var point = new SURFACE_POINT(this, i * this.pointInterval), previous = this.points[i - 1]; point.setPreviousPoint(previous); previous.setNextPoint(point); this.points.push(point); } }, reconstructMethods : function(){ this.watchWindowSize = this.watchWindowSize.bind(this); this.jdugeToStopResize = this.jdugeToStopResize.bind(this); this.startEpicenter = this.startEpicenter.bind(this); this.moveEpicenter = this.moveEpicenter.bind(this); this.reverseVertical = this.reverseVertical.bind(this); this.render = this.render.bind(this); }, setup : function(){ this.points.length = 0; this.fishes.length = 0; this.watchIds.length = 0; this.intervalCount = this.MAX_INTERVAL_COUNT; this.width = this.$container.width(); this.height = this.$container.height(); this.fishCount = this.FISH_COUNT * this.width / 500 * this.height / 500; this.$canvas.attr({width : this.width, height : this.height}); this.reverse = false; this.fishes.push(new FISH(this)); this.createSurfacePoints(); }, watchWindowSize : function(){ this.clearTimer(); this.tmpWidth = this.$window.width(); this.tmpHeight = this.$window.height(); this.watchIds.push(setTimeout(this.jdugeToStopResize, this.WATCH_INTERVAL)); }, clearTimer : function(){ while(this.watchIds.length > 0){ clearTimeout(this.watchIds.pop()); } }, jdugeToStopResize : function(){ var width = this.$window.width(), height = this.$window.height(), stopped = (width == this.tmpWidth && height == this.tmpHeight); this.tmpWidth = width; this.tmpHeight = height; if(stopped){ this.setup(); } }, bindEvent : function(){ this.$window.on('resize', this.watchWindowSize); this.$container.on('mouseenter', this.startEpicenter); this.$container.on('mousemove', this.moveEpicenter); this.$container.on('click', this.reverseVertical); }, getAxis : function(event){ var offset = this.$container.offset(); return { x : event.clientX - offset.left + this.$window.scrollLeft(), y : event.clientY - offset.top + this.$window.scrollTop() }; }, startEpicenter : function(event){ this.axis = this.getAxis(event); }, moveEpicenter : function(event){ var axis = this.getAxis(event); if(!this.axis){ this.axis = axis; } this.generateEpicenter(axis.x, axis.y, axis.y - this.axis.y); this.axis = axis; }, generateEpicenter : function(x, y, velocity){ if(y < this.height / 2 - this.THRESHOLD || y > this.height / 2 + this.THRESHOLD){ return; } var index = Math.round(x / this.pointInterval); if(index < 0 || index >= this.points.length){ return; } this.points[index].interfere(y, velocity); }, reverseVertical : function(){ this.reverse = !this.reverse; for(var i = 0, count = this.fishes.length; i < count; i++){ this.fishes[i].reverseVertical(); } }, controlStatus : function(){ for(var i = 0, count = this.points.length; i < count; i++){ this.points[i].updateSelf(); } for(var i = 0, count = this.points.length; i < count; i++){ this.points[i].updateNeighbors(); } if(this.fishes.length < this.fishCount){ if(--this.intervalCount == 0){ this.intervalCount = this.MAX_INTERVAL_COUNT; this.fishes.push(new FISH(this)); } } }, render : function(){ requestAnimationFrame(this.render); this.controlStatus(); this.context.clearRect(0, 0, this.width, this.height); this.context.fillStyle = 'hsl(0, 0%, 95%)'; for(var i = 0, count = this.fishes.length; i < count; i++){ this.fishes[i].render(this.context); } this.context.save(); this.context.globalCompositeOperation = 'xor'; this.context.beginPath(); this.context.moveTo(0, this.reverse ? 0 : this.height); for(var i = 0, count = this.points.length; i < count; i++){ this.points[i].render(this.context); } this.context.lineTo(this.width, this.reverse ? 0 : this.height); this.context.closePath(); this.context.fill(); this.context.restore(); } }; var SURFACE_POINT = function(renderer, x){ this.renderer = renderer; this.x = x; this.init(); }; SURFACE_POINT.prototype = { SPRING_CONSTANT : 0.03, SPRING_FRICTION : 0.9, WAVE_SPREAD : 0.3, ACCELARATION_RATE : 0.01, init : function(){ this.initHeight = this.renderer.height * this.renderer.INIT_HEIGHT_RATE; this.height = this.initHeight; this.fy = 0; this.force = {previous : 0, next : 0}; }, setPreviousPoint : function(previous){ this.previous = previous; }, setNextPoint : function(next){ this.next = next; }, interfere : function(y, velocity){ this.fy = this.renderer.height * this.ACCELARATION_RATE * ((this.renderer.height - this.height - y) >= 0 ? -1 : 1) * Math.abs(velocity); }, updateSelf : function(){ this.fy += this.SPRING_CONSTANT * (this.initHeight - this.height); this.fy *= this.SPRING_FRICTION; this.height += this.fy; }, updateNeighbors : function(){ if(this.previous){ this.force.previous = this.WAVE_SPREAD * (this.height - this.previous.height); } if(this.next){ this.force.next = this.WAVE_SPREAD * (this.height - this.next.height); } }, render : function(context){ if(this.previous){ this.previous.height += this.force.previous; this.previous.fy += this.force.previous; } if(this.next){ this.next.height += this.force.next; this.next.fy += this.force.next; } context.lineTo(this.x, this.renderer.height - this.height); } }; var FISH = function(renderer){ this.renderer = renderer; this.init(); }; FISH.prototype = { GRAVITY : 0.4, init : function(){ this.direction = Math.random() < 0.5; this.x = this.direction ? (this.renderer.width + this.renderer.THRESHOLD) : -this.renderer.THRESHOLD; this.previousY = this.y; this.vx = this.getRandomValue(4, 10) * (this.direction ? -1 : 1); if(this.renderer.reverse){ this.y = this.getRandomValue(this.renderer.height * 1 / 10, this.renderer.height * 4 / 10); this.vy = this.getRandomValue(2, 5); this.ay = this.getRandomValue(0.05, 0.2); }else{ this.y = this.getRandomValue(this.renderer.height * 6 / 10, this.renderer.height * 9 / 10); this.vy = this.getRandomValue(-5, -2); this.ay = this.getRandomValue(-0.2, -0.05); } this.isOut = false; this.theta = 0; this.phi = 0; }, getRandomValue : function(min, max){ return min + (max - min) * Math.random(); }, reverseVertical : function(){ this.isOut = !this.isOut; this.ay *= -1; }, controlStatus : function(context){ this.previousY = this.y; this.x += this.vx; this.y += this.vy; this.vy += this.ay; if(this.renderer.reverse){ if(this.y > this.renderer.height * this.renderer.INIT_HEIGHT_RATE){ this.vy -= this.GRAVITY; this.isOut = true; }else{ if(this.isOut){ this.ay = this.getRandomValue(0.05, 0.2); } this.isOut = false; } }else{ if(this.y < this.renderer.height * this.renderer.INIT_HEIGHT_RATE){ this.vy += this.GRAVITY; this.isOut = true; }else{ if(this.isOut){ this.ay = this.getRandomValue(-0.2, -0.05); } this.isOut = false; } } if(!this.isOut){ this.theta += Math.PI / 20; this.theta %= Math.PI * 2; this.phi += Math.PI / 30; this.phi %= Math.PI * 2; } this.renderer.generateEpicenter(this.x + (this.direction ? -1 : 1) * this.renderer.THRESHOLD, this.y, this.y - this.previousY); if(this.vx > 0 && this.x > this.renderer.width + this.renderer.THRESHOLD || this.vx < 0 && this.x < -this.renderer.THRESHOLD){ this.init(); } }, render : function(context){ context.save(); context.translate(this.x, this.y); context.rotate(Math.PI + Math.atan2(this.vy, this.vx)); context.scale(1, this.direction ? 1 : -1); context.beginPath(); context.moveTo(-30, 0); context.bezierCurveTo(-20, 15, 15, 10, 40, 0); context.bezierCurveTo(15, -10, -20, -15, -30, 0); context.fill(); context.save(); context.translate(40, 0); context.scale(0.9 + 0.2 * Math.sin(this.theta), 1); context.beginPath(); context.moveTo(0, 0); context.quadraticCurveTo(5, 10, 20, 8); context.quadraticCurveTo(12, 5, 10, 0); context.quadraticCurveTo(12, -5, 20, -8); context.quadraticCurveTo(5, -10, 0, 0); context.fill(); context.restore(); context.save(); context.translate(-3, 0); context.rotate((Math.PI / 3 + Math.PI / 10 * Math.sin(this.phi)) * (this.renderer.reverse ? -1 : 1)); context.beginPath(); if(this.renderer.reverse){ context.moveTo(5, 0); context.bezierCurveTo(10, 10, 10, 30, 0, 40); context.bezierCurveTo(-12, 25, -8, 10, 0, 0); }else{ context.moveTo(-5, 0); context.bezierCurveTo(-10, -10, -10, -30, 0, -40); context.bezierCurveTo(12, -25, 8, -10, 0, 0); } context.closePath(); context.fill(); context.restore(); context.restore(); this.controlStatus(context); } }; $(function(){ RENDERER.init(); });